1, Mrs. Xu Mu: the first patriotic poetess in China.
Madam, Ji surname (unknown), daughter of Wei Gongzi Shuo and Xuan Jiang. Born in Dingchang, the capital of Weiguo in 690 BC. When I grow up, I will marry the Duke, Xu's country, so I am called Madame. She is the first patriotic poetess recorded in China.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Weiguo, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, was a medium-sized vassal state at that time, and the first city was Song of Shang Dynasty. In her girlhood, Mrs. Xu Mu was deeply worried about the security of the motherland and thought about how to make her due contribution to defending the country. At that time, political intermarriage prevailed among vassal States, and Mrs. Xu Mu was very beautiful. Both Xu and Qi vassal states sent envoys to propose marriage. A generous gift touched her and her parents decided to marry her to Xu.
In 660 BC, the Northern Emperor invaded Wei, and her wife was deeply saddened to hear the news of the demise of the motherland. She resolutely rushed to Cao and returned. She wanted to control the country and save Wei. On the way, her wife was very angry after being recovered by the doctor in Guo Xu. She wrote a poem "In One", denouncing petty officials and vulgar officials in Guo Xu, expressing a woman's firm belief in loving and saving the motherland. When Qi Huangong got the news, he immediately sent his son to rescue Weiguo, and there was no loss, so that Weiguo avoided a disaster. Since then, the country has revived. This poem was later recorded in the Book of Songs. This is a famous patriotic poem in the history of China, which is more than 300 years earlier than Qu Yuan's Li Sao.
Mrs. Xu Mu's poems are full of strong patriotic thoughts and feelings. What we can read now is China's first book of poetry, The Book of Songs, which contains three chapters and twelve articles, such as Bamboo Rod, Spring Water and Zaichi. The poem Bamboo Pole describes the nostalgic life of Mrs. Xu Mu in her girlhood and her homesickness in a foreign country, but she often misses the country where her parents were raised. "Spring Water" describes Mrs. Wang's activities and worries about saving the motherland. "In One" expresses my wife's desire to return to China and finally break through the resistance to return to the motherland. The poem highlights her struggle with the monarchs and ministers who prevented her from returning to China to fight against the invasion of Di Bing, and expresses her determination to save the motherland regardless of her personal safety. Between the lines of these poems, there are deep patriotic thoughts and feelings, and today we still shock our hearts and can't put it down.
2. Cai Wenji: A learned exiled poetess.
Cai Wenji (about 177-? ) Yan, formerly known as Moon Hee in Jin Dynasty. She was born in Chen Liulai (now Qixian County, Kaifeng, Henan Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was the daughter of Cai Yong, a great writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. She is a famous talented woman, poet and writer in the history of China. His representative works include Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia and Poems of Sorrow and Anger.
Cai Wenji, the daughter of Cai Yong, a writer in Han Dynasty, has a profound family background. Cai Wenji was born in such a family. It is natural that he is knowledgeable, literate, good at poetry and prose, articulate and cadence. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood, but the changes of the times interrupted this happiness.
Cai Wenji's life experience is strikingly similar to the chaotic situation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After her father's death, there was another melee between Li Jue and Guo Si in Guanzhong area, and people in Chang 'an area fled everywhere. Cai Wenji followed the refugees into exile. At that time, Xiongnu soldiers took advantage of the fire to rob the people. One day, Cai Wenji met Xiongnu soldiers and was taken away by them. Seeing that she was young and beautiful, Xiongnu soldiers presented her to Xiongnu's Zuo Wang. After that, she became Zuo's wife, and Zuo loved her very much. She lived in South Xiongnu for twelve years. Although she is used to the life of Xiongnu, she still misses her motherland very much.
Her grief and indignation poems wrote her rough experiences with blood and tears, and also became a true portrayal of that period of history in the late Han Dynasty. "Han Ji lost power and influence, Dong Zhuo chaos, to usurp the throne, to harm the virtuous first. ..... See this collapse within five days, trance crazy delusion ". During the war years, the people suffered the most. Cai Wenji was even more unfortunate. He was captured by mutinous soldiers and lived in the southern Xiongnu for twelve years. Fortunately, Cao Cao thought he was virtuous and eager for talents, and together with Jinbi, he saved her from the Huns. Her experience reflects the sorrow of the times, and she is the spokesperson of the women of the times.
Cai Wenji's works handed down from generation to generation include Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia and Poems of Sorrow and Anger, which are called the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem written by literati in the history of China poetry. "True feelings are poor in nature" and passion is sour, which is integrated into Jian 'an's poems.
3. Zuo Fen: the court "vase" poetess.
Left division, word, and meaning to write "bang". Learn less and write more. He was the concubine of the Jin Emperor Sima Yan. His works include Pecking at Wood Poems, Poems from Thinking, Poems from Love, etc. Her poems are novel in conception and rich in emotion, which are excellent works of China's ancient poems.
Zuo Fen's brother Zuo Si, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, was especially good at writing ci. Sister Zuo Fen, like her brother, is also very talented, especially good at poetry. Brother and sister have the same shortcoming, that is, they are ugly. Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, was originally a lecherous and dissolute person. After hearing about Zuo Fen's talent, he put her in the harem. Of course, Emperor Wu of Jin chose to marry a literati as a concubine, also to show his taste.
Visible. Emperor Wu of Jin did not marry a woman, but only a "poetess". The talented woman Zuo Fen is just a literary prop chosen by the emperor. This is not much different from an antique vase and a famous calligraphy and painting in the palace. Although Zuo Fen is not favored, she still has to fulfill her obligations as a talented woman, write poems and fu, and play the role of a literary decoration. She was "entrusted to write a melancholy essay" and completed the proposition composition of Emperor Li Sifu, which can be regarded as Zuo Fen's masterpiece. Sima Yan is very satisfied with his ability to write poems. "The emperor attaches great importance to rhetoric, and every unusual thing will be written as a eulogy." "When it comes to the meaning of words, it is beautiful to listen to Tsinghua and listen to him" (The Book of Jin). Therefore, when the court has any weddings, funerals and weddings, Zuo Fen is always ordered to write some touching or gorgeous poems. In fact, Zuo Fen is more like a court poet than a concubine.
There are more than 20 poems, poems, eulogies and obituaries in Zuofen, most of which were written in response to imperial edicts. Although there are many sincere works in the poems and fu she was ordered to write, how can she get rid of the proper form? Therefore, for Zuo Fen, it is a double pain. First of all, from a woman's point of view, she has neither sincere love nor daily love between ordinary couples. Secondly, from the poet's point of view, she has no freedom to create, so she has to write some propositions to suit the situation. Isn't it painful?
Zuo Fen's reputation is not as good as that of his brother Zuo Si, and the two brothers and sisters have always been friendly. Zuo Fen was elected to the harem, and Zuo Si wrote two poems in memory of her sister. The so-called "mourning" is more different from ordinary parting, because being recruited into the harem is the end of the world, and life and death are the same. There are only two poems left by Zuo Fen, and one of them, Poem of Leaving Love, is a reply to Zuo Si's Poem of Mourning for Sister contained in Literary Collection. In the meantime, Zuo Fen wrote a famous poem "Pecking at Wood", which has been passed down through the ages. Because woodpecker is an ugly and beneficial bird, this poem is considered to be written by Zuo Fen.
4. Xie Daowen: the most humanistic poetess.
Xie Daowen, a talented woman in Wei and Jin Dynasties, was born in a noble family. She is Xie An's niece, the daughter of Anxi General Xie Yi, the second daughter-in-law of the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi, and the wife of Wang Xizhi's son Wang Ningzhi. Xie Daowen is a talented woman. She is smart, brave, decisive and has elegant taste. She was a poetess in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "Biography of the Book of Jin" is "graceful and luxurious" and "looks sloppy and has the atmosphere of the forest."
The poet is one of Xie's many children with the most humanistic feelings and poetic temperament, and her talent has been appreciated by her uncle Xie An. On one occasion, Xie An asked Xie Daowen, "Dao Yun, which poem do you think is the best by Shi Mao?" Xie Daowen replied: "One of the best poems written by the sages of the Zhou Dynasty is Man, and his poem is" clear pronunciation and mellow voice, like a spring breeze ". Hearing this, Xie An actually coincides with mine. Xie An praised Hua as "elegant and deep".
Xie Daowen stayed in Jiaping Wang for several decades, when the Eastern Jin Dynasty had perished and the famous Sun En Uprising and Lu Xun Uprising broke out. At that time, Wang Ningzhi, a civil servant, fell in love with Taoism. In the face of the invasion of a strong enemy, he did not actively prepare for the war, but closed the door and prayed that Daozu would protect the people from being burned to death. After that, thieves broke in and Wang Ningzhi and his children were killed.
Xie Daowen witnessed the pain of her husband and children. Armed with a weapon, she took her harem to kill thieves, but she was captured because she was outnumbered. At this point, she is still holding her three-year-old grandson Tamia Liu. She snapped at Sun En: "Adults have nothing to do with children. To kill him, kill me first. " Sun En has long heard that Xie Daowen is a talented woman, but today she is so fearless and admirable. Instead of killing her grandson Tamia Liu, she sent someone to send them back to Huiji. Since then, Xie Daowen has lived a quiet life as a hermit.
Xie Daowen is good at poetry and prose, and his poems, poems, essays and lawsuits spread all over the world. According to Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, there are two volumes of poems in her works, which have been lost. Yiwen preserved his Mountain Climbing (also known as Poems of Mount Tai) and Three Poems in Notes. Wen accepted his Analects. In ancient China, most famous women's poems were famous for their femininity and delicacy, but Xie Daowen's Fu on Mount Tai was full of masculinity. Talented women are generous and don't want men. "Biography of the Book of Jin" is "graceful and luxurious" and "looks sloppy and has the atmosphere of the forest." This poem is evident.