Today, let's walk into Tiegong Temple and relive the tragic history of blood and fire!
Tie Xuan, a native of Dengzhou, Henan Province, was determined, smart and agile, and was highly valued by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the word "Shi Ding", hoping that he would become a pillar of the Ming Dynasty, so he was also called "Iron Shi Ding". After Wen Jian ascended the throne, Tie Xuan was promoted to Shandong to participate in politics.
After Qin Shihuang pacified the six countries and established a unified Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang adopted the suggestion of Prime Minister Reese, abolished the feudal system of patriarchal clan system in ancient China and changed it to the county system. Since then, the county system has almost run through the whole feudal era, establishing a new unified pattern in China and ending the division of the feudal system. However, there are still three dynasties in Han, Jin and Ming dynasties (excluding Western Chu) that move against the trend of the times, restore the feudal system abolished in Qin Dynasty, and adopt the parallel feudal system of counties and countries. Although the enfeoffment system at this time was different from that in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, its accident rate was 100%.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang found that the control power of the imperial court could only stay in Guanzhong area, but it was beyond the reach of the frontier area, and he did not trust to hand over the management power of the frontier to others. So the governors with the same surname were appointed and the county system was implemented to ensure the stability of the Liu family.
Liu bang's idea is beautiful, but the reality is cruel. At the beginning of the packet, the old emperor was still there, and he would be grateful to the emperor. When the old emperor died and the new emperor ascended the throne, these vassals who were enfeoffed in various places gradually separated from the new emperor. Finally, in three years (before 154), Wu Wang Liu Bi United with Liu Xiang, Wang Zhao Liu Sui, Jinan Liu Bi Guang, Zichuan, Jiao Xi 'ang and Jiaodong Liu Wang Xiongqu.
Although the "Rebellion of Seven Kings" in the Western Han Dynasty was quickly put down, especially under the impetus of the Imperial edict of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, centralization was consolidated and strengthened, but Sima's Jin Dynasty was not so lucky. The "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the early Western Jin Dynasty not only caused unprecedented social and economic destruction at that time, but also directly led to the national subjugation and nearly 300 years of turmoil in the Western Jin Dynasty, pushing the wheel of history to the abyss of chaos.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Yuan Shundi abandoned the city and fled to the grassland before Zhu Yuanzhang's army hit Dadu (now Beijing), and entered the North Yuan of Mongolian society. Although the Yuan Dynasty lost its rule over the Central Plains, it did not mean the collapse of the regime. There are still a large number of Mongolian fighters in the hands of the Northern Yuan regime, which may make a comeback and invade the Central Plains at any time. In order to consolidate the frontier, Zhu Yuanzhang of Yuan Taizu resumed the enfeoffment system and enfeoffed his sons to all parts of the country as prisoners, among which Judy, the prince of Yan, and Zhu Quan, the king of Ning, were the most powerful.
In Zhu Yuanzhang's later years, heroes such as Hu, Li Shanchang and Aquamarine were wiped out, and the northern military defense was under the vassal king. Zhu Yuanzhang said to Zhu Yunwen, the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty: Grandpa, this threatening hero has been solved for you, and your uncles are guarding the frontier for you, so you can rest assured that you will be the emperor!
Zhu Yunwen is worried: If Mongolian fighters attack, can your captaincy resist? If the princes rise up to rebel, how can I pacify them?
Zhu Yunwen clearly knows that your captaincy is armed to the teeth, and it also occupies the key of the country. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang is still in the world, and you, Wang Yiding, dare not arise. If Zhu Yuanzhang dies, who can restrain these tigers and wolves?
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness, and the testamentary edict said: "Sun Yun, the emperor's eldest wife, is a filial friend, and the world is at home, so he deserves a promotion. Civil and military officials at home and abroad are United in assisting the government ("Ming history-Zhu Yuanzhang's discipline"). Zhu Yunwen's rule was made by testamentary edict, and it was for his sake.
The young emperor Wen Jian is both bookish and gentle. In order to eliminate the growing influence of vassal states, he and his cronies Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng took a series of measures to reduce the number of vassal states. Judy, who has always coveted the throne of the emperor, rebelled and sent troops south, launching the famous "Jingnan War" in the name of "Jun Qing side".
There are traitors around the emperor. When Zhu Yuanzhang enfeoffed the captaincy, in order to prevent the captaincy from insurrection, it was stipulated that all the enfeoffed kings must leave the capital and go to the fief to be vassals. Without a will, a vassal may not leave his Lord. Even if you go to court once every three years, you can't come at the same time. Only one king can leave Beijing and go back to San Francisco, and then another king can go to Beijing. The purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's move was to prevent the princes from connecting with each other in series and forming a powerful force against the central authorities.
At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang didn't trust the vassal king, and in order to prevent the powerful ministers from usurping power, he stipulated that the vassal Wang Youquan and dispatch troops should clear the monarch. He said in "The Emperor and the Ancestral Training of the Ming Dynasty": "If there are no officials and ministers in the DPRK, they will be punished for sending troops to clear the monarch's side."
Judy sent troops to Nanjing on this ground, saying that her action was to follow the instructions of Mao's legacy and eliminate rape for the country. Why did Judy stand on the side of "Jun Qing" to resist, instead of directly opposing the legitimacy of his throne? This is because Wen Jian is the emperor of patriarchal clan system.
First, Zhu Biao, Zhu Yunwen's father, Wen Jian, is the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang, and Judy were both born in Ma Huanghou. After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he made Zhu Biao the Prince and formally established him as the heir to the throne. In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Zhu Biao died of illness. Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Zhu Biao's eldest son, Zhu Yunwen, as the grandson of the emperor, not other sons, which was in line with the patriarchal clan system. Therefore, Judy's opposition to Zhu Yunwen from the patriarchal system is untenable.
Second, Wen Jian is the legal heir specified in Zhu Yuanzhang's testamentary edict. "The emperor's great-grandson Lian is a filial friend, and the world is returning to the heart, so he should be promoted to a higher position" (Ming History). So, even if Judy doesn't want Zhu Yunwen to reign as king again, he can't openly oppose Zhu Yuanzhang's testamentary edict, otherwise he will be recruited by everyone.
The spirit of loyalty and righteousness will last forever. Judy rose up and rebelled in Peiping. The news came that Emperor Zhu Jianwen sent general Li Jinglong to crusade, and Tie Xuan, who was in charge of Shandong's political participation at that time, was responsible for supervising the delivery of military pay. After the defeat of Li Jinglong, all the defenders in northern Hebei collapsed, and Judy surrounded Jinan.
On the occasion of Jinan City's life and death, Tie Xuan, who was transporting food and grass for the Northern Expeditionary Army in Li Jinglong, rushed to Jinan and made an alliance with Sheng Yong, the commander in chief, and agreed to defend the city.
In order to occupy Jinan, Judy once sent someone to shoot an arrow into the city. When Tie Xuan saw the letter, he immediately wrote a reply according to this method. Judy opened it, and it said, "On the Duke of Zhou becoming king". Duke Zhou is Zhou Wuwang's younger brother. King Wu died two years after the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, and Duke Zhou assisted Zhou Chengwang. From the age of thirteen to twenty, he was king, acting as emperor, serving the country wholeheartedly, being loyal to others, eliminating domestic troubles and foreign invasion, and consolidating the rule of the Zhou Dynasty. Duke Zhou was highly respected by emperors of all dynasties. On the deathbed of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the painter in the Palace of Life painted a portrait of Duke Zhou as a gift to Huo Guang, the minister in charge of life, hoping that Huo Guang could assist Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty like Duke Zhou.
Tie Xuan sent the Duke of Zhou back to Judy, intending to take this opportunity to advise Judy to follow the example of assisting his nephew to govern the Duke of Zhou and faithfully assist his nephew Zhu Yunwen. Seeing that the surrender failed, Judy ordered the siege. Tie Xuan and Sheng Yong struggled to hold on, and Yan Bing was trapped in Jinan for more than three months. Sheng Yong and Tie Xuan attacked at night, and the Yan soldiers were defeated, but they also left and recovered Texas and other places.
After Jinan's clearance, Tie Xuan gave a banquet in the Tianxin Shuige of Daming Lake to reward the soldiers. Zhu Yunwen, the emperor of Wen Jian, heard of Jinan's triumph, sent envoys to Jinan to reward the three armed forces, and appointed Tie Xuan as Shandong's ambassador. Soon, he added the title of minister of war. The people of Jinan who survived the war called Tiexuan the "City God".
In the fourth year of his rule, Judy's army went south again. In order to avoid the sharp edge of Jinan and Tiexuan, he bypassed the heavily guarded Jinan and finally captured the capital. The whereabouts of Zhu Yunwen, the emperor during his reign, were unknown, so Judy became the emperor herself and changed his title to Yongle. After Judy seized the throne, she returned to the north to attack Jinan. Tie Xuan was outnumbered, defeated and captured. Judy personally questioned Tiexuan. Tie Xuan turned his back on the court, unyielding, and cursed Judy. Judy wanted him to look back, but Tiexuan refused. "History of the Ming Dynasty" is recorded in this way: "Turn your back on the court and scold, so that you can't turn back." Infuriated, Judy ordered Tiexuan's ears and nose to be cut off and eaten, and asked him, "Is it delicious?" . Tie Xuan exhausted his last strength and gave a resounding and famous answer: "What's the point of being loyal to a minister and dutiful son?" . In a rage, Judy was speechless and even ordered Tie Xuan to die in a frying pan at the age of 37.
After Tie Xuan's death, temples and monuments were built in many places to commemorate him. In Hong Guang, Nanming, Tie Xuan was posthumously awarded as a Taibao and loyal minister. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty called it "the determination of loyalty and righteousness", and Tiegong Temple, located by Daming Lake, was built by Alin, the envoy of Shandong Salt Transportation, in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792).
Tiegong Temple covers an area of more than 6,000 square meters, consisting of curved corridors, ancestral halls and lakes and mountains. In the ninth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, Liu, a magistrate and historian in Shandong Province, and Liu, a governor and calligrapher in Shandong Province, once hosted a banquet in Tiexiao Canglang, and they were greatly interested. Liu improvised a couplet: "Lotus flowers on four sides and willow trees on three sides, a city, mountains and lakes." This couplet stone carving has been embedded on both sides of the east gate of the west corridor of Tiegongmiao, becoming a famous couplet sentence describing the style of Jinan ancient city.