During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of Han culture in Guizhou, a group of intellectuals appeared: poets, painters and calligraphers, and some of them also occupied a place in the country.
Among Guizhou poets in Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 200 people can see his works, which are recorded in Introduction to Guizhou Poetry and Introduction to Guizhou Poetry. Sun Ying 'ao, Xie Sanxiu and Wu Zhongfan were famous in the Ming Dynasty, and Zhou Qiwei and others were famous in the Qing Dynasty.
Sun Ying 'ao is a disciple of Wang Yangming, a famous philosopher, and also a poet. He is the first person in Guizhou who still has a collection of poems handed down from generation to generation. There are about 900 poems in his collection of poems, "Poems in the Snow Sky". Zhu Yizun, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, collected eight of his poems in Poems of Ming Dynasty. His poems have various genres, including prose poems, classical poems, singing poems and modern poems. The content is good at reflecting social life. In addition, his poems about Guizhou mountains and rivers are vigorous and powerful.
Xie Sanxiu, a native of Guiyang, lived in the Wanli period and the apocalypse period of the Ming Dynasty. He was praised by the famous poet Wu in his early days in Guizhou, and then wandered between Jingchu and wuyue for a long time, making friends with famous poets such as Tang Xianzu and others. Tang Xianzu once compared him to the dragon pony of the Dragon Breeding Department (Guizhou place name, producing a famous horse named Malone); Li Weizhen prefaced his collection of poems, saying that his poems "all poetic styles are acceptable and all poems are wonderful." Because his poems are famous, "If Wu, Ruoyue, Ruomin and Lingnan River are right, everyone knows that Guizhou has noble talents." Xie Sanxiu's Poems of Yuan Diaotang and Hongxue have both been lost, but there are still 18 1 poems included in Ming Poems and Comfort Poems.
Wu Zhongfan, a native of Guiyang, was born in the late Ming Dynasty. During the period of Wang Gui in the Southern Ming Dynasty, he served as the magistrate of Zunyi and Chongqing, and in the Ming Dynasty, he abandoned his official position and went home to entertain himself with poetry. His works include Broom Collection and Broken Inks Collection. Most of Wu Zhongfan's poems are related to reality and personal experience. Kong said in the preface to "Broom Collection" that Wu Shi was "worried about the country and the people, and was sick, and gradually drifted away."
In the Qing Dynasty, Zhou, a famous figure in the field of poetry, appeared in Guizhou. Zhou Qiwei (1664- 17 14), a native of Guiyang and a scholar of Kangxi, has been an official in Beijing for more than 20 years. His poems were well received by famous writers in Kyoto, Wang Shizhen, Zhu Yizun, Cha, and He Jiang. Zhou Yuhuan's West Lake poem: "The moon on the horizon is hard to close, and the scenery of the West Lake on earth is different. The West Lake is directly compared to the bright moon, and the pavilion in the center of the lake is the Guanghan Palace. " Ren's Poems and Yuan Mei's Poems of Suiyuan have commented on this. According to Zhou's poem "different from Dongpo", Yuan said that "there are people who will never forget to break sentences." The Collection of Poems of Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty selected four poems of Yu Huang, and was the only poet selected in Guizhou. Zhou has poems and notes such as Cecilia Yip's Poems, which have been handed down from generation to generation. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were also famous Song scholars Zheng Zhen and Mo Youzhi.
From Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, famous painters in Guizhou included Yang Longyou, He Weifeng and Yan. Yang Longyou, whose real name is (1597— 1646), is a famous scholar in the south of the Yangtze River. In the famous drama Peach Blossom Fan, Li was stained with blood as a peach blossom. Yang Zu was born in Guiyang in the late Ming Dynasty. His life is quite different from that described in Peach Blossom Fan. He is not only an excellent poet and a famous painter, but also an anti-Qing scholar. His family was martyred for organizing an armed anti-Qing movement. Yang Longyou's landscape paintings were famous at that time. Dong Qichang once said: "Longyou was born in Zhu Gui, which is unique. I was surprised to think that when I entered and exited Ju Ran and Huichong, I would stop watching. " At that time, Wu Meicun, a famous scholar, called Yang Longyou, Dong Qichang, Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi and Chen Jiru "nine friends in a painting".
At the end of Qing Dynasty, He Weifeng appeared in Guizhou. He Weifeng (1853— 19 18) is a native of Qingyan Town, Guiyang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Qingyan Town produced a champion Ai. It is said that He was asked to draw a fan and present a poem to Empress Dowager Cixi, which painted a picture of peach and willow. In the poem, "the willow is green to the eyes of celebrities, and the peach blossom is red like a beauty's heart." Cixi appreciated it very much and thought it was "elegant and romantic, unparalleled in the world." He's talent has also been appreciated by Weng Tonghe. He had strongly recommended it to Yi Kuang, the prince of Qing Dynasty, and Cen Chunxuan, the envoy of Gansu Province, but they were not reused. After returning home, he devoted himself to painting and calligraphy, often painting flowers, birds and animals, especially phoenix and horses.
Yan was a Guizhou calligrapher at the same time as He Weifeng, and was also appreciated by Cixi. Yan (1854— 1933), a native of Yinjiang, Guizhou, went to Beijing to teach imperial clan official school after winning the prize. At that time, when the Summer Palace was completed, Cixi gave orders to calligraphers all over the world to write lists for the park, and celebrities in the calligraphy circle in Beijing rushed to give books, but Cixi was not satisfied. Appreciate Yan's calligraphy very much and introduce it to Cixi. Yan wrote the three-character classic of the Summer Palace, which was graceful and generous, and was taken by Cixi. Later, Yan also wrote 18 plaques and 23 couplets for the Summer Palace. Other places of interest in Sichuan and Guizhou, such as Caotang Temple in Chengdu, Wangjianglou, Qilin Cave in Guiyang, Yangming Cave in Xiuwen and Feiyun Cliff in Ping Huang. , have been preserved by his body.
Poetry, calligraphy and painting are the most typical forms of traditional culture in China. To be a poet or painter, I not only need to study hard, but also depend on the cultivation of the surrounding cultural environment. The growth of Guizhou poets, painters and calligraphers in Ming and Qing Dynasties has a common feature. Although they all grew up in Guizhou, they all broadened their horizons in other places and learned from their domestic counterparts before reaching their artistic peak. This reflects the great development of Han culture in Guizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but there is still a gap compared with the developed areas such as the Central Plains or Jiangnan.