1, flat in shape, scattered left and right.
The official script changed from the normal vertical position of seal script to the horizontal position, forming a flat shape, and the strokes contracted the vertical position and strengthened the horizontal exhibition.
2. Start the pen silkworm head to collect the pen dovetail.
This is a typical feature of the pen used in official script, especially in official script, which almost always uses horizontal painting. The so-called "silkworm head" refers to hiding the (reverse) front in the process of using the pen, and at the same time writing the stroke shape formed in the process of starting the pen into a shape similar to that of the silkworm head. "Dovetail", that is, press the pen at the pen-receiving place, and then pick the pen obliquely to the upper right.
3. Turn a circle into a square and an arc into a straight line.
These are two basic methods to simplify seal script in official script. But if you don't know the circle of seal script, it is not easy to master the side of official script. Because the straight painting or square folding in official script contains the arc potential of seal script, the straight of official script often has obvious ups and downs and is full of vitality. In fact, the brushwork of official script is based on the way of stroke movement.
4. Change the picture to a point and the connection to a break.
We know that there is no point in seal script, that is, the point used is just a dot. However, the points in the official script are independent, no longer attached to the painting, and the point methods are increasingly rich, including flat points, vertical points, left and right points, three points (by water) and four points (by fire).
In addition, Lishu also broke many strokes written in seal script, which opened the door to writing. Later, regular script played like this, allowing traces of cohesion between pens, and even breaking the meaning of pens.
5. Strengthen the thickness change.
In seal script, there is no trace of the vertical lifting of the pen, while the official script deliberately emphasizes the lifting, which forms a significant change in the thickness and inheritance of the stroke trajectory, and the three processes of starting, walking and collecting the pen are clearly reflected. This is very similar to later regular script.
Second, the structural characteristics of running script:
1, both sizes.
That is, each word presents a different size, and there is a pen-to-pen connection of a word. The connection between words is both true and intentional, and there is a connection between them.
2. Combination of contraction and extension.
Generally short-term collection, long-term release; Back and front, side and front; Most of them are left hand, right hand, upper right hand and lower left hand, but they can also be converted to each other. Left-handed and right-handed, top-handed and bottom-handed are not excluded.
3, the density is decent.
Generally, it is dense on the top and sparse on the bottom, dense on the left and sparse on the right, and dense on the inside and sparse on the outside. The middle palace is compact, the white space in the box is as small as possible, and the white space of the circled strokes is as small as possible. On the layout, the word spacing is tight, the line spacing is wide, vigorous and powerful, and the colors are bright.
4. Mix colors.
Running script writing should be easy, lively and fast, and master the combination of illness and stagnation, movement and static. The ink color arrangement should be strong at the beginning and dry at the end. The lines are long and thin, short and thick, moderate in thickness and alternating in depth. It's similar to cursive, but it's not so grassy.
Third, regular script is square, with straight strokes and more rigorous structure.
Regular script is characterized by neat rules and is a model in font, so it is called regular script. Regular script has thousands of gestures, vigorous brushwork and vigorous posture. The branch layout is different, but it is mainly square and dignified.
Four, cursive script is divided into Cao Zhang, Jincao and Crazy Grass.
1, Cao Zhang's strokes are simple, connected by winding ribbons, similar to today's grass. However, its structure is straight, its brushwork is blunt, and there are waves in the strokes, especially at the beginning and end of the painting, which obviously retains the brushwork of the official script, and its words are independent, intermittent and orderly, which is obviously different from grass and weeds.
2. This kind of grass, commonly called cursive script, is based on Cao Zhang and regular script, which removes the traces of official script left by Cao Zhang, speeds up writing, and adds a hook.
3. Crazy Grass was founded in the Tang Dynasty. Wild grass is simpler and faster than today's grass, and its brushwork is more continuous, lively, unrestrained and unrestrained, which has a tendency to pour a thousand miles. But because it saves a lot of strokes, its shape is too different from that of letters and lines, so it is difficult to identify.
Extended data:
Semi-cursive/running/calligraphy (China's calligraphy)
Running script is a cursive script or simplified form developed on the basis of regular script (such as regular script, official script and seal script), and it is the most common writing form between regular script and cursive script.
It is generally believed that running script began in the late Han Dynasty (created by Liu Desheng, a native of Yingchuan) and flourished in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It has both the rules of regular script and the flow of cursive script. The fonts are placed neatly, and the methods of regular script are more than cursive script, which is called "running script"; Writing is fluent, and cursive calligraphy is more called "cursive calligraphy" than regular script. It is easier to write than regular script, easier to identify than cursive script, and is widely used.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang's rich children were good at books, among which Wang Xizhi and his son were the most famous. Preface to Lanting is Wang Xizhi's masterpiece, and later generations regard it as "the best running script in the world". Emperor Taizong respected Wang the most and loved Preface to Lanting the most. He sent Xiao Yi to defraud the original Preface to Lanting from the eloquent monk. Feng Chengsu was ordered to copy it in the south of the city and divide it into two parts. After Taizong's death, he was buried with the original.
The calligraphy of Preface to Lanting handed down from ancient times has a long history because its content and form are rich in the style of the times. Among them, the combination of loving nature, describing nature and frank and free natural calligraphy forms embodies the spirit of getting rid of Confucianism and advocating literary consciousness in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This is the reason why Preface to Lanting is vivid and can become the best in the world.
Jin Dynasty was a prosperous period of calligraphy. Since the Jin Dynasty, there is no one who is good at calligraphy but writes calligraphy. In the Book of the Pavilion of Chunhua, such as Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty (Sima Yan) and Xuan Di (Yi), Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, (Zhao), Emperor Kang (Yue), Emperor An (Pi), (Xian) and Wu (Yao) can all write well, and ministers Dao and Geng Liang are good at writing.
Popular up and down, so running script forms a big system in calligraphy art.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lishu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Running Script (Calligraphy Name)
Baidu encyclopedia-regular script
Baidu encyclopedia-cursive script
Baidu encyclopedia-book style