Rhododendrons in spring and summer
Winter snow is lonely and cold.
This harmony song, called True Color, was composed by Zen Master Daoyuan (1200- 1253).
The moon in winter is accompanied by clouds.
The north wind is strong and the snow is cold.
This song was written by Master Ming Hui (1 173- 1232). Someone asked me for an inscription, so I gave these two peace song in a book.
Before Ming Hui He Ge, there was a long and detailed preface, like a narrative poem, to illustrate the artistic conception of this poem.
On the night of December 12th, the first year of Ren Yuan (1224), he went into the drawing room to meditate. After midnight meditation, I went back to the mountain from the peak meditation hall.
Abbot. When the moon comes out of the clouds, the snow gives off bright light. Although wolves howl in the valley and have the moon as their companion, why are they afraid? Enter the abbot, get up and leave the room. See you.
The moon came to light and disappeared into the clouds. I only heard the midnight bell, climbed the peak meditation hall, and the moon broke through the clouds to send me all the way. Zhifeng
On the top, stepping into the meditation hall, the moon chases the clouds and wants to hide behind the mountain peak, which seems to be accompanied by darkness.
After this preface, there is the chorus quoted above. After the chorus, the author went on to write:
Reach the peak meditation hall, the top of the moon.
Climb into the meditation room,
The bright moon swept by.
May this sentimental month,
Stay up all night with me.
Ming hui is in the meditation hall vigil or before dawn to return to the meditation hall, he didn't specify, just wrote:
During meditation, I opened my eyes and saw the residual light of abortion entering the window. I am in a dark corner, and my mood is clear, as if I were integrated with the moonlight.
Fragments, completely indistinguishable.
The heart is clear and bright.
The moon is suspected of flying over the mirror.
Westbound is known as the "cherry blossom poet", so some people call Minghui the "moon singer" accordingly.
The moon is bright and bright.
Ming Yue Ming Er Yue Ming
Ming Hui's poems are composed of a group of exclamatory syllables. As for the three "Winter Moon" describing midnight to dawn, its artistic conception, according to the westward journey, "although it is a song, it is not a song." The style of the poem is simple and pure, saying that the moon is the thirty-one syllables. He is not so much a friend of the month as a date with the month. I watched the moon turn it into a month, and the moon watched me turn it into me. I mingle with the moon, participate in nature and blend into one. So the monk sat in the dark meditation hall before dawn. When Xiao Yue saw him, she almost thought it was her own overflowing light.
As stated in the preface, the harmony song "Temporary Clouds in the Winter Moon" is a poem in which Minghui participated in meditation in the mountain meditation hall and devoted himself to studying, and his mood was integrated with the bright moon. I recorded this poem because, according to my experience, this harmony song wrote the beauty and understanding of the soul. Winter moon! You appear and disappear in the clouds, shining on my steps to and from the meditation hall, so there is nothing to be afraid of when the wolf howls; Don't you think the snow is biting cold and refreshing? I think this poem is a tribute to nature, to the warmth, affection and forgiveness of human beings, and it is also a song that shows the compassion and love of the Japanese people. That's why I wrote an inscription.
Dai Ya is famous for his research on Botticelli by Dr. Yukio, who is especially knowledgeable about ancient and modern eastern and western arts. He summed up one of the "characteristics of humanistic art" as a poem "I cherish my friends most when I spend snow and moon". Whether the snow is clean or the moon is bright, that is, the beauty of the four seasons, because it touches the feelings of the scene and the center, or because of aesthetic understanding, you will miss your friends and cherish others, and you will like to share this joy with your friends. In other words, beauty, moved to the deepest place, can push yourself and others and induce attachment to people. In addition, "friend" refers to "person" in a broad sense. The words "snow", "moon" and "flower" express the beauty of the four seasons, including mountains and rivers, vegetation, everything in nature and human feelings in Japanese. These three beautiful words have their traditions. In other words, as far as Japanese tea ceremony is concerned, it is also based on the basic spirit of "the most cherished friend when the snow moon blooms". The so-called "tea party", that is, "sentimental party", is a gathering of beautiful scenery and friends. -By the way, if my novel "Thousand Cranes" is thought to be about the beauty of the spirit and form of Japanese tea ceremony after reading it, it is wrong; This is a negative work, criticizing the vulgar and depraved tea ceremony, expressing my doubts and implying a warning.
Rhododendrons in spring and summer
Winter snow is lonely and cold.
This poem by Daoyuan is also a tribute to the beauty of the four seasons. The poet just randomly arranges the four seasons scenery that the Japanese people have loved since ancient times. You can think that there is nothing more common, simple and general than this, and it can be said that it is a poem that is not a poem. However, I want to quote another poem by an ancient man, which is quite similar to this poem. It's a poem about the death of the monk Liang Kuan (1758- 183 1).
What can stay in the world?
Only this rhododendron with spring flowers and autumn leaves
This poem, like Dao Yuan's, is an ordinary thing. Ordinary writing is not so much thoughtless as intentional, which expresses the true essence of Japanese civilization in overlapping. What's more, this is a generous poem of death.
Momo Xia Yinchun Riyong
Play ball with children
Accompanied by the breeze and the bright moon.
Dancing for the elderly at night
Stay aloof and avoid the world
I only love carefree travel in my life.
A generous mind and life, described in these poems, are completely "gentle", noble and refined manners, such as living in a thatched cottage, wearing coarse clothes, walking in the wild, playing with children, chatting with farmers, and talking about profound religion and literature without pretending to be difficult. His poetic style and calligraphy have surpassed the late Edo period, the turn of the189th century and the early modern Japan, and reached the realm of classicality and elegance. Until modern times, Japan still cherishes its ink and poetry. Liang Kuan's poems show a feeling of passing away. He has nothing to pass on and doesn't want to leave anything behind. If you die, it will only be better, which is the only thing you can remember in this world. This poem embodies the feelings of the Japanese since ancient times, and we can also hear sincere voices from it.
I have been looking forward to Jade Man for a long time.
What can I ask for when I meet you today?
Among Liang Kuan's poems, there is such a love poem, which is also my favorite. At the age of 68, Liang Kuan met a 29-year-old young woman and won her heart. It was a beautiful marriage. This poem not only expresses his joy of meeting an eternal woman, but also writes his joy when his long-awaited lover arrives. "What can I ask for when I see you today?" This poem is simple and true, with pure feelings.
Liang Kuan died at the age of 74. Yue Hou, who was born in Snow Country, is in the same place as my novel Snow Country. Now called Niigata Prefecture, it is located in the northern part of Inner Japan and just bears the cold wind blowing from Siberia across the Sea of Japan. Liang Kuan spent his whole life in such a snowy country. People are getting older and older, and when they know that death is near, they become omniscient in their hearts. In the poet's "dying eyes", as he wrote in his desperate speech, Xiang Xue's nature will be more magnificent. I have a paper entitled "Dying Eyes". But the word "dying eyes" here is taken from Ryunosuke Akutagawa's suicide note (1892- 1927). This sentence in Akutagawa's suicide note impressed me deeply: "It is probably gradually lost", "the so-called power of life", "the instinct of animals" and so on.
Nowadays, the world I live in is as transparent, neurotic and morbid as ice. ..... What should I wait for?
When do you dare to kill yourself? This is a problem. In my opinion, only nature is more beautiful than ever. You may laugh at me, because
I deeply love the beauty of nature, but I want to commit suicide. Is it not contradictory? As we all know, the beauty of nature,
Because it is reflected in my dying eyes.
1927, 35-year-old Ryunosuke Akutagawa committed suicide. I once said in the article "Dying Eyes": "No matter how world-weary, suicide is not a manifestation of enlightenment. No matter how noble the virtue is, suicide is far from the Great Sage. " I don't praise or sympathize with the suicides in Akutagawa and postwar Osamu Dazai (1909- 1948). But a friend, one of the Japanese avant-garde painters, died at a young age, and he also wanted to commit suicide for a long time. "He often said that there is no higher art than death, and death is life, which has almost become his mantra" (see The Dying Eye). In my opinion, he was born in a Buddhist temple and graduated from a Buddhist college. His view of death is naturally different from that of westerners. "People who are concerned probably won't think of suicide." Therefore, I thought of Yi Xiu, a Buddhist monk (1391-1481), who tried to commit suicide twice.
Here, the reason why I want to add the word "that" before a recess is because in fairy tales, he is already familiar to children as a clever and witty monk. His unrestrained eccentric behavior has become a widely circulated anecdote. Legend has it that "young children climb on his knees to touch their whiskers, and wild birds stop on his hands to feed and peck at the grain", which is the ultimate realm of unintentional. It seems that he is an amiable elder, but in fact, he is also an extremely serious and profound Buddhist monk. It is said that the emperor's son entered the temple as soon as he was six. On the one hand, he showed the genius of a young poet, and at the same time he was troubled by the fundamental problems of religion and life. He once said, "If there is a God, please save me;" If there is no God, just sink me to the bottom of the lake and bury me in the belly of the fish! "Just as he jumped into the lake, he was stopped. Later, another time, a monk committed suicide in the Dade Temple hosted by Yixiu, which led to several monks being implicated in prison. At this time, Yixiu felt a great responsibility, "picked a heavy burden", went on a hunger strike up the mountain and decided to die.
Yixiu named his poetry collection "Crazy Party" and even named it "Crazy Cloud". "Crazy Party" and its sequel are unparalleled in Japanese medieval Chinese poetry, especially as a Zen monk's poem, which includes jaw-dropping love poems and gorgeous poems that exaggerate the secrets of boudoir. He is addicted to alcohol, close to women, and completely escaped the precepts of Zen; Commandments and so on, he regarded them as fetters and sought self-liberation, probably to resist the religious form at that time and restore and establish the original meaning of human existence and life in the hearts of the people of the world who collapsed because of war.
The Yezi Dade Temple in Kyoto, which was posted in the past, is still a tea ceremony scenic spot. His ink was provided by the teahouse and became a hanging shaft, which was extremely precious. I also have two collections of calligraphy and painting. One of them says, "Buddhism is easy to enter, but the devil is hard to enter." This sentence, I am quite touched, is often used to raise a pen. Its meaning can be understood in many ways, and if we go deeper, I'm afraid it will be endless. Although I added "it is difficult to enter the underworld" after "Buddhism is easy to enter", the words of this Zen monk deeply touched my heart. An artist who pursues truth, goodness and beauty has both yearning and fear for "the underworld is difficult to enter", so he has to ask God for blessing. His will is either shown or hidden in his heart. In the final analysis, it depends on fate. Without the "demon world", there would be no "Buddha world". It is more difficult to enter the "underworld". People with weak will can't get in.
If you meet a Buddha, you will kill your ancestors.
This is a well-known Zen saying. If we use "others become Buddhas" and "self-becoming Buddhas" to distinguish Buddhist sects, then Zen, which advocates self-reliance, will certainly hold such radical words. Luan, a true relative who advocates striving to become a Buddha, once said: "Good people live as pure people. Not to mention the wicked. " The same theory of "Buddhist realm" and "demon realm" has similarities in meaning, but there are also differences. He also said, "No disciples". "Killing ancestors when they meet" and "no disciples" are probably another harsh fate of art.
Zen does not worship idols. Although there are also Buddha statues in the Zen Temple, there are no Buddhist paintings or scriptures in the places where people practice Taoism and sit still. They just close their eyes and meditate, without thinking or thinking, and destroy "I" as "nothing". The "nothingness" here is not the nothingness in the west, but the vast and comfortable nothingness in the world, an endless hidden heart. Of course, if you want to practice Zen, you need to be taught by a master, talk about Zen and study Zen scriptures before you can be enlightened, but you must think for yourself and be enlightened by yourself. At the same time, it emphasizes intuition over theory. Learning by yourself is better than asking others for guidance. Its purpose is "not to write words", but that "outsiders" can achieve what Vimo called "silence like thunder", which is probably the best realm of Zen. According to legend, Master Dharma, the ancestor of Zen Buddhism in China, "faced the stone wall for nine years", that is, he meditated for nine years and finally realized the Tao. The meditation advocated by Zen Buddhism comes from this kind of Buddhist meditation.
If you have any questions, just answer them.
Dharma has various methods (rest) in mind.
In addition, there is a song after the break:
And ask what the heart is.
Just like the sound of pine trees in the picture.
This poem also embodies the spirit of oriental painting. The spatial consciousness, blank expression and omitted brushwork in oriental painting are probably the soul of this kind of ink painting. "You can draw a wind with sound" (Jin Dongxin), as the saying goes.
Daoyuan Zen master also had a similar saying: "You don't see me, you realize the Tao in the bamboo sound, and you know each other in the peach blossom." The famous Japanese flower arranging master Chifang Zhuying (1532- 1554) once dictated: "It is just the wonderful skill of the immortal family to trickle water, make trees big and small, like mountains and rivers, and everything changes rapidly." Japanese gardens are also used to symbolize nature. Most western gardens are well proportioned. In contrast, Japanese gardens are generally not symmetrical. However, I'm afraid it is because of its injustice that the symbolic meaning is richer and deeper. Of course, this imbalance depends on the delicate feelings of the Japanese to maintain balance. What kind of garden construction method can be as complicated, interesting and detailed as Japanese garden layout? The so-called "dry mountains and rivers" are made of rocks, and this "stone masonry method" can express the beautiful scenery and rough appearance of mountains and rivers with blank space. The perfection of this method can be found in Japanese bonsai and basin stones. The word "landscape" includes mountains and water, that is, natural scenery; Landscape painting means taking scenery, gardens, etc. As a theme, it is derived from this as "quaint and quiet" and "leisurely and simple". The tea ceremony that abides by "harmony, respect and silence" advocates "leisure" and "elegance" and is richer in soul. The teahouse is very small and simple, but the meaning of lodging is boundless and far-reaching, and extremely beautiful.
A flower is sometimes more beautiful than a hundred flowers. Li Xiu also said that flower arrangement should not include blooming flowers. Therefore, the Japanese tea ceremony is still a vase in the teahouse, and it is in the bud. If it is winter, winter flowers will be planted, such as camellia called "White Jade" and "Zhu Tuo". There are very few varieties of these flowers. If the color is white, just insert a bud to release it. Pure white is not only the most beautiful, but also the most vivid. Besides, it's better to take Lou to Lei. A few drops of water make the flowers fresh and charming. In May, the peony is inserted into a blue magnetic vase, which is the most elegant flower arrangement in tea ceremony. The peony inserted must still be a white bud with dew. Not only should you sprinkle a few drops of water on the flowers, but many porcelain used for flower arrangement should also be watered in advance.
Among the ceramic vases in Japan, Guyihe porcelain (about15th century,16th century) is the best and the most expensive. It lives after being soaked with water, and its color is bright and bright. Iga porcelain is fired at high temperature. As soon as the firewood is burned, the ash falls off, sticks to the vase tire, or floats on it, and condenses on the glaze with the temperature drop. This is not artificially done by potters, but naturally achieved when burning kiln. So it is also called "changing kiln", and as a result, patterns of various colors are burned. Iga porcelain, a simple, rough and vigorous glaze, once sprinkled with water, looks bright and white, which complements the dew on the flower. It has become the practice of tea ceremony to soak the tea bowl with water before using it to make it moist. The red side should take "the color of wild mountains and rivers" (oral tradition) as the new spirit of flower arrangement in his school. Broken vases, withered branches and "flowers" are everywhere. These things are understandable to flowers. "The ancients enlightened by arranging flowers", from which we can see that the influence of Zen Buddhism, as far as Japan is concerned, even promoted the awakening of a beautiful soul. I am afraid this is also a portrayal of the Japanese people's long-term civil strife and living in a barren land.
The oldest Japanese Yi Shi story (formed in the tenth century) is a collection of narrative poems, which contains many stories that can also be regarded as short stories, one of which reads:
Many lovers put a rare wisteria in the bottle. Calyx pendulous, three feet six inches long.
It tells the story of arranging flowers when the original line entertains guests. Wisteria with a calyx hanging three feet six inches is indeed a rare and exotic herb, and it is even doubtful whether this flower really exists. However, I think this wisteria symbolizes peace and prosperity. Wisteria has Japanese elegance and feminine charm. Blooming low, swaying gently with the breeze, that school of customs is really elegant, humble and peaceful, too gentle and charming. Early summer, in a piece of green, seems to be sentimental. The calyx of that wisteria plant, which is three feet six inches long, must be particularly gorgeous. Japan absorbed the culture of the Tang Dynasty in China and integrated it, creating a Japanese style. About a thousand years ago, it created a splendid culture of peace and formed the beauty of Japan, just like the blooming "exotic wisteria", which is an unusual miracle. At that time, the best works in Japanese classical literature had been produced. In terms of poetry, there are the earliest anthologies and songji's Collection of Ancient and Modern Times (905), and in terms of novels, there are Ise Tale and Genji Tale (about 970- 1002). The Tale of Genji, in particular, has been the pinnacle of Japanese novels since ancient times. Even in modern times, no works can match it. As early as the tenth century, this novel with modern style has been published, which is called a miracle of the world, so it is also well known by international people. When I was a teenager and didn't know much about ancient Chinese, I began to read classical novels. Most of them are literary works of the Heian Dynasty, among which The Tale of Genji is deeply engraved in my heart. For hundreds of years since the Tale of Genji, Japanese novels have been longing for it, carefully imitating or adapting this masterpiece. The influence of Tale of Genji is far-reaching and extensive. Needless to say, harmony songs are artistic handicrafts, and even garden buildings, we must seek beauty nourishment from them.
Murasaki shikibu and Shao Qing ran a few words to make peace with Chunbu (979 ~? ), Red Guards Gate (about 957-104 1) and other famous poets are all female officials serving in the palace. Therefore, the culture of peace is generally regarded as the palace culture and female culture, and the period when Tale of Genji and Pillow Grass came into being is the heyday of this culture, or the period from prosperity to decline. At this time, the melancholy mood of prosperity and decline has been revealed. But those works can still be regarded as the acme of Japanese dynasty culture.
Soon, the dynasty declined, and the regime changed from an official to a samurai, that is, the beginning of the Kamakura era (1 192-1333), and the samurai government continued until the first year of Meiji (1868), which lasted for nearly 700 years. However, neither the emperor system nor the dynasty culture has been extinct. The collection of new ancient and modern music (1205) in Kamakura's early period further developed the techniques and poetic techniques of the collection of ancient and modern music in the Heian Dynasty. Although it is suspected of a word game, it attaches importance to the enchanting and mysterious style and pays attention to the aftertaste. Westbound mage (1118-1190) is the representative poet of these two times, and it is the link between peace and kamakura.
I remember you every night, but I like meeting you in my dreams.
How to stay together after waking up? I hope my good dream has been sleeping.
But it is hard to find a gentleman in my dream. I have traveled all over the world.
How can I want to see Jun Yan because of love?
The above are the poems of the tail road in ancient and modern collections. Although it is a dream, it directly shows the reality. After collecting new and ancient times, it became a very subtle sketch:
The branches of the birds make the sun shadow pass through the bamboo shoots.
Add autumn colors to eyes and soul.
Sprinkle leaves all over the garden, and the autumn wind invades the cold.
The shadow of the sunset on the wall suddenly dissipated.
This is a poem by Yongfu Menyuan (127 1- 1342) in the last years of Kamakura, which symbolizes the delicate sadness of Japan. The feeling is quite close to my mood.
Whether it is a Taoist Zen master who wrote "Winter snow is silent and cold overflow" or a wise master who recited "Winter moon wears clouds for a while", they are all people of the new and ancient times. Minghui and Xixing once sang and wrote narrative poems.
Westbound wizards often come to interview and read my poems, which is unusual. Although prosperity extends to flowers, azaleas, bright moon, snow and space.
However, everything in the universe, all kinds of hues, is illusory. None of the sentences recited are true words. Thinking about flowers is not about flowers, but about the moon.
Not the moon, it's all fate. Like a rainbow after rain, the void is colored; It is also like the reflection of the sky, empty and clear. Jean Wu Fei
Without light, emptiness is colorless. My heart is like this void, even if there are many customs, it has no trace. This kind of poem is the true form of Tathagata.
Body. (Excerpted from Disciple Hai's Biography of Ming Hui)
This just touches the "void" and "nothingness" in Japan and even in the East. Some critics say my work is useless. But the word "nihilism" in the west is not appropriate. I think its fundamental spirit is different. Tao Yuan's four seasons poems also take "true colors" as the topic. Although they eulogize the beauty of the four seasons, they are actually rich in profound Zen philosophy.
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