Abstract: Huzhou, a city in the sky, is famous for its long history and profound cultural background. As the cultural heritage of Huzhou, the ancient bridge has a very long history. However, with the modernization of the city, the status of the ancient bridge is declining, causing serious damage, and the culture inherited by the ancient bridge and the Huzhou culture it represents are also gradually declining. What is the future trend of Huzhou culture and how we will inherit these cultures have left us with arduous tasks and historical missions. Starting from Huzhou ancient bridge, this paper expounds the historical culture contained in the ancient bridge, analyzes the inheritance of the ancient bridge culture, and puts forward some suggestions on the cultural inheritance, protection and development of Huzhou ancient bridge culture and Huzhou history.
Keywords: Huzhou ancient bridge, ancient bridge culture, cultural inheritance
The history of human activities in Huzhou can be traced back to hundreds of thousands of years ago. The Qiu Cheng site more than 6000 years ago and the former Sanyo site more than 4700 years ago can prove that as early as the primitive society, the hardworking and brave Huzhou people created the splendid culture of the Neolithic Age. Since then, thousands of years later, at the foot of Tianmu Mountain, on the shore of Taihu Lake and on both sides of the Tiaoxi Canal, countless celebrities and talents have been nurtured and many humanities have been accumulated. Fang Fengjia once founded the country by the lake of Zhu Xia, and "Cha Sheng" Lu Yu once wandered between the mountains and rivers of Guzhu Mountain and wrote immortal tea classics. Zhang once sent his love to the front of Mount Cisse and left it to him. The historical sublimation of "the name of sage, the trace of words and deeds, the beauty of local customs"
"Land of Fish and Rice, House of Silk, Capital of Lake and Pen, Land of Tea and Bamboo, and State of Culture" has a long history.
Mr. Luo Kaifu once described the humanistic value of Huzhou as follows: it is not difficult for a city to find several valuable humanistic landscapes, but it is not easy to find such a rich and heavy humanistic landscape in Huzhou; It is not difficult for a city to find a few valuable humanistic thoughts, but it is not easy to find a profound humanistic thought system like Huzhou. More importantly, it is not difficult for a city to find out a few pieces of yesterday's humanities, and it is even more difficult to find out the humanities that can continue today. [1] But he only talked about the humanistic value of Huzhou from a positive perspective. The author believes that history has passed away in the years, and Huzhou, which has suffered from historical vicissitudes, is gradually sinking. Besides holding cultural festivals again and again to review the past, what other methods can make history freeze and accumulate? The restoration of Nanxun Town site is a masterpiece of modernization, and the original appearance of history is gone forever. Lake drama is on the verge of extinction; The destruction of ancient gardens makes people lament. Why did such a profound cultural heritage disappear so quickly? The author makes a detailed analysis of this phenomenon by studying the representative of Huzhou culture-Guqiao culture, and puts forward his own views and suggestions.
Huzhou Ancient Bridge and Its Cultural Brief Introduction
There is an old folk proverb in China, which is widely circulated among the people: "The mountain is not high, there is spirit, and the water is not deep, there is fish." . It's just that people often forget the last two sentences of this proverb: "If the country is not poor, the bridge will pass, and the people will be literate ..." In the southern part of Taihu Lake Basin, people see bridges, antique wooden bridges, exquisite stone bridges and modern viaducts. The slow trickle and the swift river hinder people's communication. Five or six thousand years ago, our ancestors flourished in this land with many rivers and channels. For the benefit, they cut roads on every mountain and bridge when they meet water. As one of the water towns in Taihu Lake Basin, the bridges in Huzhou are naturally as dense as cobwebs, and are known as "Ten Steps and One Bridge". According to the Records of Huzhou compiled by 1993, there were more than 8,200 bridges in Huzhou in 1990, with an average density of 1.43 per square kilometer, more than twice that of Venice, a water city in the world. But this statistic is to count modern bridges and ancient bridges together. In fact, in Huzhou, the ancient bridge is worth mentioning in Jiangnan. In the south of the Yangtze River, no city has so many and so many kinds of ancient bridges as Huzhou. At present, there are only 248 registered ancient bridges in Huzhou, and 1 1 is listed as a cultural relic protection unit, which spans from the Southern Song Dynasty to before liberation. According to the Records of Huzhou in Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty, there were 14 17 bridges in Wucheng and Gui 'an counties at that time. There are magnificent masterpieces of ancient bridges in Huzhou, such as Sara Third Bridge, Huzhou Pangong Bridge, Linghu An Lan Bridge, Nanxun Jintong Bridge, Yongfengtang Bridge and Hongji Bridge. There are also light and handy sketches, such as Lingshu Vu Thang Bridge, Sara Tightening Bridge and Lvtai Bridge. What's more worth mentioning are several ancient bridges with unique originality and distinctive personality, which can be called the first ancient bridge in the world, including Yin Chao Bridge, Sara Sister Bridge and Qianqiao Bridge. The ancient bridge with a long history has accumulated a strong bridge culture in Huzhou. Every ancient bridge has a touching story, and literati and couplet poems add a lot of charm to Huzhou's bridge culture. The author made a field investigation and recorded the ancient bridge in Huzhou. Here, I will introduce the ancient bridge in Huzhou and its profound culture.
(1) Huzhou Ancient Bridge
There are many ancient bridges in Huzhou like stars in the sky. Let's look at two typical ones.
Huzhou Yin Chao Bridge 1
Huzhou Yin Chao Bridge is one of the three famous ancient buildings in Huzhou, and it is also called "Three Wonders" with Huzhou Li Qiao Bridge (Yin Chao Bridge), Tarita Tower (Fei Ying Tower) and Miaoli Temple (Confucian Temple). On the south side of Huzhou South Street, east and west cross Dongtiaoxi. Yin Chao Bridge is one of the eight ancient interchange bridges in Zhejiang. There are many shops on the west bank of the bridge. In order to avoid cutting off the street along the river, when building the bridge, the second hole on the west side crosses the west bank river street, and pedestrians can walk up and down the bridge, which is really rare in ancient buildings in China. According to Tan, the main calligrapher, Talking about Huzhou Bridge, the piles at the foot of this bridge are closely arranged and unshakable for thousands of years. There are leather piles and stone piles far from the pier. When building a bridge at the four corners of the bridge, four kinds of fruit stones must be placed, and the rear axle will sprout into a tree in a few years. It is said that there are camphor, pine and cypress, medlar and pomegranate. There are Chinese wolfberry and pomegranate trees on the bridge. There are two theories about the origin of the bridge name "Tide Sound". One is the water in the sky, which flows down Bilang Lake in Huzhou, passes through the south of the city and enters the market. The water quickly flows into the tide. Second, the current bridge site is the ancient tide sound crossing, and there are crossing pavilions on both sides to shelter from the wind and rain. There are two pavilions with bridges in the clouds. The bridge was built in the 30th year of Wanli (1602) and rebuilt by Chen Youxue, the magistrate of Huzhou, the following year. The bridge pavilion is divided into east and west pavilions, which were built in thirty-three years (1605). During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty (1628- 1644), the East Pavilion was restored after being burned. The existing bridge was rebuilt in Jiajing period of Qing Dynasty (1796- 1820). The three-hole stone arch bridge is 54.2 meters long, with a total span of 29 meters, a width of 5 meters and a height of 7 meters. The steps of the two bridges are very wide, and each step is tied with two stones, each stone has 27 steps, so pedestrians do not feel hard to get up and down. The railings on both sides are made of stone and can be used for pedestrians to rest. There are two white stones on the bridge, and today there is only one left.
There is another story about the construction history of Yin Chao Bridge. The predecessor of Yin Chao Bridge is Huangyou Bridge, a building in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to Jiatai's Wu Xingzhi in the Southern Song Dynasty and Old Editions of Xing Wu's Records, the Northern Song Emperor Zhong You (1049- 1054) and the Yingximen Cigan Temple ferry in Huzhou withdrew from the ferry to build a bridge. In the first year of Yuan You (1092), it was named "Emperor Swimming Bridge". In the third year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 129), the site of Cigan Temple was moved from Yingxinmen Gate to this bridge site, and Cigandu Temple was established. In the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1382), a ferry with convenient monk behavior was set up, and two ferry pavilions, Yin Chao and Pumen, were rebuilt in front of the temple and renamed Yin Chao Ferry. The name "Chaoyin" is taken from the Chaoyin Cave of Putuo Mountain in Zhoushan, which is said to be the place where Master Guanyin appeared. These are all about the historical roots of Yin Chao Bridge, and it can be seen that it is a very old bridge.
(2) Three Sisters Bridge in Sara, Huzhou
In the north of Sara Town, Huzhou City, Wanyuan, Huacheng and Wankui bridges, commonly known as "Sister Bridges", span Huzhou Waterway in Jiaxing, all of which are three-hole stone arch bridges. Chenghua Bridge is in the middle, 225m away from Wanyuan Bridge in the east and 122m away from Wankui Bridge in the west. On the same river, less than 350 meters away, three stone arch bridges of the same type are juxtaposed, which is really rare in the history of bridge construction in China. The third bridge is like a dragon fighting for a play. These three sister bridges are outstanding among the ancient bridges in China.
Wanyuan Bridge: The construction date of Wanyuan Bridge was lost, and it was destroyed by the Japanese army in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566). During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662- 1722), a wooden bridge was built and named "Fucheng Bridge". Yongzheng eight years (1730), renamed Mu Yi Huanshi. The present bridge was rebuilt in Chen Wenzhong in the 14th year of Daoguang (1834) and completed in the 20th year (1840). Of the three bridges, this one is the most beautiful, with a total length of 5 1 m, a width of 3.5 m and a height of 7 m. Arched specimens were built vertically, sectionally and side by side, and strengthened with five iron dragon beams. Each of the two banks has 44 stone steps, and the guardrail at the top of the bridge is made of Huagang rock, so that the prince can rest on it and pedestrians can rest. There are 20 pillars between the guardrail stones, and there are 10 pairs of stone lions with different postures, which are lifelike. There is a drum-hugging stone at the end of the fence. In order to facilitate pedestrians to push carts, a concrete sidewalk was poured next to the bridge fence. There are 4-5m stone pillars embedded next to bridge opening.
Chenghua Bridge: also known as Tangqiao. It was first built for the "Sara Third Bridge". A monk from Tangkou Town God Temple built a wooden beam bridge in Yuan You for Yannian (13 14- 1320). In the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), wood was changed into bricks. Yongle (1403- 1424) was converted into a wooden beam bridge. During Jiajing period (1522- 1566), it was rebuilt into a three-hole stone arch bridge. When Chongzhen was rebuilt in the third year of Ming Dynasty (1630), Shen Tong, a villager, wrote in the book "The Road of Rebuilding Stones in Chongzhen in the Fifth Year of Chenghua Bridge": "Chenghua Bridge is more than 300 feet long and 20 feet wide, and it is easy to surround stones with wood. Square is round, seven is three, and the building system is solid. The shape situation is magnificent and it is a wonder of a town. " According to the Qing Dynasty Wu Ruojin's "Double Linzhi", "Chenghua Bridge is in the east of Shiyang, and its land is Dongshuang. By the bridge, passengers often take boats by cable and take night flights. This is the so-called night port. There are lamp poles on the bridge, burning like day, and merchants from all directions gather on the lamp poles. " During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, few light poles were erected on bridges to attract investment. The bridge structure of Chenghua Bridge is the same as Wanyuan Bridge and Wankui Bridge. It is 46 meters long, 3.4 meters wide and 6.6 meters high. Arch coupons are laid in parallel segments, shoulder walls are made of nails and shoes, and reinforced with five pairs of iron dragons. The south step of the bridge is 4 1 and the north step is 36. The south of the bridge is connected with the street, and there are many shops. There is a Christian church near the north of the bridge. The king of Wu was placed on the guardrail for pedestrians to rest, and the stone fence was connected with the 16 sentry post, with drum stones at the end and a pair of fallen lions carved on it.
Wankui Bridge: Located in the north of Wang Yu Temple in Sara Town and west of "Sara Third Bridge". Fengyang River in the west is the widest, and it turned out to be a wooden beam. It was not until the first year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1662) that Gu began to raise ring stones, and the bridge was completed in the eighth year (1669). In the fifty-five years of Qianlong (1790), the bridge collapsed and was rebuilt. In 58 years (1793), it was completed at the same time as Chenghua Bridge. Ni Rujin wrote "Rebuilding Wankui Bridge", so it is 5 feet higher than the old bridge and the bridge body is huge. Wankui Bridge is a three-hole stone arch bridge with a length of 565,438+0m, a width of 3.2m and a height of 6.8m There are 40 steps at each end, and the top of the bridge is supported by the King of Wu. The bridge railing is connected with 24 sentries. There are hundreds of battles under the bridge, and many ships are moored on the river bank, which has become a busy road on the water in Sara.
These three sister bridges are phoenix tails with the theme of spreading wings within nearly 6 square kilometers. The head of Tangqiaotou ... Fenghuangtou is the Yangdao Bridge about 3000 meters ahead. This bridge is a single arch bridge, shaped like a bird's head. The two wells next to the bridge are the eyes of the phoenix. Symmetrical East Hongqiao and West Corner Bridge are built on both sides between Fengtou and Fengwei, which are shaped like the wings of a phoenix. The Phoenix in the middle is the ancient town of Sara. On the straight line between Fengtou and Fengwei, there are connections like Zhangjialong and Tangqiaolong as the spine, and other dense bridges are ribs. Many small gardens, pavilions or ponds are inserted among residents of different shapes, which are the feathers of the phoenix.
(B), Huzhou ancient bridge culture
The ancient bridges in Huzhou are not only numerous, unique in shape and exquisite in craftsmanship, but also their cultural connotations have attracted worldwide attention.
Every bridge in Huzhou has a beautiful story. The author collected the following contents:
Pan Gong Bridge, which spans the intersection of Ruoxi River in the north of Huzhou City, was built by Pan Jixun, a hero who ruled the Yellow River in Ming Dynasty. It is a bridge between virtue and integrity. Pan Jixun, a native of Huzhou, is a senior official of the Ministry of Punishment, Ministry of War and Ministry of Industry. He presided over the Yellow River four times for 27 years. He has made outstanding achievements and is famous in history. When I returned to Huzhou in my later years, I saw that the traffic at the intersection of East and West Taixi was inconvenient and dangerous, so I generously donated 2,500 yuan to build a bridge. When it was completed in five years, the villagers named the bridge "Pangong Bridge". At that time, there was a folk poem saying: "The Qinling Mountains resounded with stones and transported moss to the east, and thousands of miles of phosphorus rode back, and the strange rocks were returned to the western regions, and the middle stream columns blocked the frenzy. After five years of hard work, the river god turned down the demon overnight, making contributions to future generations and being famous for the Pangong Bridge in the Milky Way. "
There is a suspension bridge in Changxing. It is a Liang Shi Bridge with seven holes and rows of columns, which was built without inspection. In the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374), villagers rebuilt. According to legend, this place was originally set up by a gentleman who didn't charge ferry fees. One day, when a scholar crossed the river, he sighed, "Since there is money to build ships, why not build a moon bridge?" When this word reached the gentleman's ears, he said angrily to the scholar, "If you have the ability to build a moon bridge here, I will spread it from the bridge rose to your door with green slate." A year later, the scholar built a stone bridge at the ferry, leaving only one field at home. By the time the gentleman fulfilled his promise and laid the slate at the scholar's house, the scholar had nothing left, his wife and children separated, leaving only a "dog" at home. To this end, the villagers combined the word "Wang Wang" with a "dog" in January and gave it the name of the bridge.
There is a "sugar bridge" in Lindong Town, Wuxing District, also called Yinxian Bridge. It's about a fairy who used to lie on a bridge and sell candy. People who want to buy candy can get a candy by paying a copper coin. People who buy sugar always choose the biggest one, and one of them hasn't bought it for several days. Later, a farmer bought a little sugar man to eat, and he didn't eat or sleep for several months. The farmer suspected that there was something wrong with him, and later thought it was caused by people who ate small sweets. So he rushed to the bridge to get even with the postscript fairy. Postscript The immortal otter proudly said, "The reason why people can't become immortals is because they are worried and suspicious." You don't eat now, you're not hungry, and you look good. Isn't this a fairy? Now you can visit Jiuzhou Resort. Why not? "The farmer was still cursing and beating, and Postscript Fairy patted the farmer on the back with a smile and said," Give me back the sugar. "."Little Sugar Man suddenly vomited. The farmer was hungry at once, so he turned into a breeze and left. However, the image of a lying fairy was left on the bridge stone. So this bridge is called "Yinxian Bridge", and the farmer knows that he is a immortal who cannot regret it.
Out of reverence for the bridge and yearning for a better life, many customs and habits have gradually accumulated in the long river of history, and the bridge is used as the mascot.
There is a "Taiping Bridge" in Deqing New Town. This bridge was built more than 500 years ago, and residents named it "Taiping Bridge" for the sake of Geely's safety, favorable weather and abundant financial resources. Whoever marries a woman always blows around and crosses the bridge in droves for good luck. Whoever has a son and daughter who shaved their heads for the first time always watches the baby cross the bridge for peace.
An original ecological flower-exploring bridge in linghu town is facing a champion bridge. In the past, when babies were full moon, uncles carried them all over the street, passing the Champion Bridge and the Flower Exploration Bridge, hoping that the children would grow up useful.
The Baby Bridge in Chengguan Town of Deqing County was built in Song Zhiping. It is a single-hole stone bridge, formerly known as Qinghe Bridge. According to legend, Taigong's name is Shen and Qiaonan Rose. Because he has no children to pass on, he goes to the shrine in Qiaobei every day to ask for children. His heart was sincere, and he finally touched the bridge god and got a child. Since then, Qinghe Bridge has been renamed Baby Bridge. Later, young people in the town got married, and their daughters had to cross the bridge to have children early. The custom of walking the bridge in northern Zhejiang can be said to be a thousand years' inheritance. Walking on the bridge refers to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month of each year. People walking on three bridges can cure all diseases. On that day, the young women in the village met and walked hand in hand. She had to cross the third bridge and could not turn back. There is a saying that "after crossing the March Bridge, you will get well in one year".
Bridge connection is one of the important contents of bridge culture. Bridge couplet is a kind of couplets, inscribed on bridge columns, bridges and pavilions. Its origin can be traced back to Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty. Legend has it that when Sima Xiangru first went to Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, he boarded Shilixian Bridge in the north of Chengdu with an inscription: "Never cross this bridge again without riding a horse or riding a high car". This is the first time to write couplets on the bridge. Huzhou people attach great importance to the configuration of bridge connection when building bridges. Especially since the Qing Dynasty, more bridges have been built. Although most of these bridges disappeared with the development of ancient bridges, there are still as many as 100 existing bridges. Now choose some couplets to feed the readers.
The thing is the Sihaitong Yamen, and the boat goes back and forth, and the water meets the turtle bay.
The north and the south are the main roads of the three mountains, where goods and goods converge, and olive city, Liang Fei, crosses the Golden Dike.
-Deqing Cheshan Anji Bridge
Reconstruction every hai years old, counting to Jiazi for three weeks;
This ancient building was built for public houses, just five miles outside the Great Wall.
-Changxing Wuli Bridge
Nantong Peking University, connecting Taixi in the world;
The wind is strong and the clouds are rising as far as Lindong and Luoshui.
-Deqing Datong Bridge
Stack waves come from the southern thousand veins and the source comes from Tianmu; Sailing 80 miles north, Songda turned over the top.
A pool of flowers is bright, and a pool is looking at Taibao; The mountains are heavy and the water is mixed, and it bends ten miles to Qingxi.
-Deqing Taibaotang Bridge
Second, the audience of Huzhou ancient bridge culture
The above details two ancient bridges with their own characteristics and profound ancient bridge culture. There are many ancient bridges in Huzhou, and Huzhou people have grown up from generation to generation in the charm of ancient bridges and the melody of flowing water. How much do Huzhou people know about the ancient bridge culture today? The author visited Huzhou residents with different cultural levels, different ages and different social backgrounds, and got the following understanding:
(1) How much do you know about Huzhou ancient bridge culture?
In this part, the author designed several questions and made an investigation:
First, do you know the legends and stories of Huzhou ancient bridge?
For this question, Huzhou residents' answers make the author very satisfied, because stories and legends are very interesting and cater to the cultural and psychological needs of the public. The older generation always likes to tell the next generation real ancient legends and stories, so everyone has a strong sense of identity with these stories, so that some stories about the ancient bridge culture are passed down and preserved very well by Huzhou people.
Second, do you know the couplets of Huzhou ancient bridge?
For this question, the author asked the residents near the Three Sisters Bridge in Sara, and I felt very sad about the answer to this question. Here, few people can remember the couplets carved on the bridge. The residents' answer is this: "For these couplets, someone will naturally record them, so we don't have to worry about it." The author is thinking, if everyone has this idea, who will inherit such an ancient culture? The author sighed.
Third, for students at school. After investigation, the author found such a phenomenon. There are almost no students in the school who don't know Zhao Zhouqiao, and their familiarity with Zhao Zhouqiao far exceeds that of Huzhou Ancient Bridge. When asked if there are any ancient bridges in Huzhou, most students only have an impression of a few bridges close to their own life circle, and few students know most of the ancient bridges in Huzhou. Some people have never even heard of the name of the bridge, let alone their understanding of the ancient bridge culture.
Fourthly, the folk audience behind Huzhou ancient bridge culture. The front problem only stays on the surface of the ancient bridge culture, and the folklore inheritance behind it is also a very important issue. With the development of economy and the change of cultural values, Huzhou residents pay less and less attention to ancient culture under the impact of modern material civilization. Take the bridge. According to custom, it has been forgotten in the long river of history. Because the festival culture of society is fading step by step, I think everyone will feel this way. Now that the Spring Festival is over, the flavor of the year is getting less and less, and the atmosphere of the Lantern Festival is gone, not to mention the inheritance of those folk customs. This ancient bridge culture with local characteristics is gradually concealed by modern culture. Imagine that according to this development trend, all cultures will not embark on the road of cloning, and a thousand Hamlets will gather into one. Some modern cultural phenomena should be advocated, such as simple marriage customs and thin burial. However, some ancient civilizations recognized by history behind these cultural phenomena should not be discarded, because they embody a place, a nation and a country.
(B) the public awareness of the protection of the ancient bridge culture
It is a very worrying thing to know little about the ancient bridge and its culture, but what is even more worrying is that Huzhou citizens' awareness of protecting the ancient bridge culture is very weak. Not only the citizens, but also the local government is dismissive of the protection of the ancient bridge. And watch the Zhejiang Channel of Xinhuanet on July 9, 2002. A century-old bridge in Chen Da Village, Hefu Town, Linghu District, Huzhou City set off a storm of cultural relics protection.
Chenta Village in Linghu District and Baolong Bridge in Fuzhen Town are considered as the best preserved ancient bridges by contemporary villagers. However, in June and July of 2002, the stones of the ancient bridge were sold by the village to bridge vendors for 75,000 yuan and moved to Wuzhen, Tongxiang. The villagers all feel sorry for this, but they can only sigh that "this ancient bridge may never be seen again." The village party secretary has been looking for an excuse to sell the bridge. So it caused an uproar. [2] Seeing the above materials, the author is happy because farmers have the consciousness and consciousness to protect the ancient bridge. However, the local government has no awareness of protecting the ancient bridge. At the same time, the author thinks deeply about this phenomenon. The public's consciousness only stays at the ideological level and has not been put into practice. Although the Cultural Relics Bureau has expressed its concern, it is too late to mend it.
From this case, we should have a certain understanding of Huzhou people's awareness of ancient bridge protection. During my visit, I also learned that many people think that the traffic value of this ancient bridge is not suitable for the needs of modern society at all, which hinders the modernization process of the city and should be demolished and replaced by a new modern bridge. They think that the government should make greater efforts to tear down old cloth and create a modern urban atmosphere, so there have been many incidents such as the above-mentioned demolition of bridges.
(3) The pollution of the ancient river channel has weakened Huzhou people's feelings for the ancient bridge.
Few people living around the ancient river have an ecological concept. Although tap water is installed in every household, most residents still like to wash their daily necessities in the ancient river and pour domestic garbage into the river. As a result, the pollution of ancient rivers is becoming more and more serious, which has triggered a series of vicious cycles. This river has affected the living environment of residents, so people think that it has been closed to fill the river, thus diluting the river that has been feeding them.
Third, the modern fate and contemporary development status of Huzhou ancient bridge
After investigation, I feel that Huzhou people's understanding of the ancient bridge culture is really worrying. Why is the flourishing ancient bridge culture fading in the eyes of modern Huzhou people? The author thinks that this is inseparable from the modernization of Huzhou. Let's take a look at the modern fate and contemporary development status of Huzhou ancient bridge.
Let's take a look at Huzhou Camel Bridge first. Camel bridge is still in the city center, but it is not the original camel bridge, but a modern bridge made of cement and steel bars. There used to be a market near Camel Bridge called Camel Bridge Market, and the ground was covered with thick yellow sand. According to legend, this is the place where Zhao Mengfu used to sell Chinese characters, but unfortunately there is no trace to be found. Ma, the general of Han Shizhong in the Southern Song Dynasty, was stationed here. Unfortunately, just like Camel Bridge, there is only one empty name left. According to the reporter of Huzhou Evening News, 1953 When he first returned to Huzhou, he saw Camel Bridge or a tall stone arch bridge. Now I can't even find one or two stone components. Many ancient bridges in Huzhou were not destroyed by war, but by buildings. And the Three Sisters Bridge in Sara, which has been intact for 800 years. Unfortunately, in the late 1980s, Phoenix Head was demolished to build roads with stones. On both sides of the river, only the remains of the ancient bridge are covered with reeds. Phoenix's eyes were also dug beyond recognition. According to the records of Wanli Huzhou Prefecture in Ming Dynasty, there were 45 Shangshu Bridge, Xihui Bridge and Wu Gong Bridge in Fucheng at that time. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, many bridges were built. After liberation, due to urban expansion and traffic development, most of them were demolished. Since then, the ancient bridge has been smashed, stolen and sold frequently. For example, in June 2003, in Mou Yang Natural Village, Zhili Town, Wuxing District, the single-hole ancient bridge was considered useless by some village cadres in the middle of Qing Dynasty and decided to demolish it. When the relevant departments learned of this situation and immediately rushed to the scene to stop it, the ancient bridge had been demolished in half.
In the past, when you climbed the Fei Ying Tower, you could see the Datong Bridge across Longxi Port. It is a five-hole stone arch bridge, more than 50 meters long, like the waves of whales and the moon sinking into the river. Even in many bridges in the south of the Yangtze River, it is rare to see such a magnificent arch bridge. The bridge in Huzhou, when you look at it from a distance and board it, will definitely give you a king's spirit and everyone's demeanor. Unfortunately, when the old city of Huzhou was rebuilt and a new city was built, I don't know why all such good old bridges were demolished and new cement bridges were built, only by pedestrians and bicycles. What people don't understand is the two beautiful stone arch bridges floating on the Xiadun River on the Moon River. I remember the couplets carved on the bridge column. I wonder who else can remember what they wrote. One leads to Wupen Lane, and the other leads to Jin Po Lane, which are all streets and lanes in the Tang Dynasty. But it's gone now. The double bridge of Gan Tang Bridge was also demolished and replaced by a new cement bridge named "Four New Bridges", and Yuehu Lake has disappeared. I don't know whether the bridge was built because of lack of funds or other reasons. The stone steps hastily paved at both ends of the bridge are as wide as high ridges, and passers-by all complain. We see that there are Yixi Bridge and Hengzhutang Bridge that have disappeared in recent years ... The reason for their disappearance is the obstruction of navigation, which is really the sorrow of Huzhou! When I lost yesterday, I also lost the opportunity of the future. Huzhou can let the world have many unique things to see.
Now, with the development of transportation industry and the increase of waterway flow, some ancient bridges on trunk lines have become navigation-obstructing bridges. More than 90% of the ancient bridges have been collided by ships coming and going, some of them are riddled with holes, and some of them have collapsed. The contradiction between the ancient bridge and the waterway is very prominent. Only in Huzhou, Shuanglinyi Feng Tang Bridge was hit by a fleet, and the bridge body fell eastward, and the bridge stone was pressed on the tugboat, resulting in the destruction of the bridge, the sinking of the ship and the disappearance of a beautiful landscape painting. Yongfengtang Bridge, located at 1850 on the east longitudinal line, has become an obstacle to navigation because its clear width and clear height are lower than the waterway standard, which makes the fourth-class waterway invested by the state of 200 million yuan unable to bring into play its benefits. The dense ships also smashed the ancient bridge. The Wugutang Bridge, located on the double track of Shen Hu, was hit into a dangerous bridge, and the management department had to block the navigation channel for a time. The third bridge in Sara was also damaged and destroyed by ships to varying degrees. In addition, the expansion of cities, the transformation of agricultural parks and the construction of water conservancy have also destroyed a large number of ancient bridges. Yin Chao Bridge in Huzhou, Miaoli Temple and Tower in Tower are also called "Three Musts". However, in recent years, tall buildings stand on both sides of the river. In contrast, this ancient bridge has lost its quaint and beautiful appearance due to lack of maintenance and overgrown weeds. Facing the sky, they seem to tell people that no matter how clever the building is, it will be destroyed when it encounters barbarism, and it can only be lamented when it encounters ignorance. He reminded people: don't let the loss of civilization continue to repeat itself. [3]
Faced with this situation, people feel a kind of heart-wrenching pain. The ancient bridge culture has been gradually forgotten in the historical years, and the long-standing civilization has been buried layer by layer in the modernization drive. Today, with the rapid development of modern society, Huzhou has stripped off its ancient costumes and replaced them with modern buildings with cement and steel bars, cold machines and foreign cultures. In this development, Huzhou people have enjoyed the incomparable pleasure brought by material civilization. However, as we all know, mountains and rivers are roaring, ancient culture is crying and humanistic spirit is mourning. I do not see any at all. I can't see everything. Huzhou people only have sparkling gold coins in their eyes, and they can no longer see green mountains and green waters and their own humanities. What a pity.
Mr. Luo Kaifu clearly realized that when we are running hard, we hope to take away one thing, that is, human nature, and its core is the wealth view, values, outlook on life and world view that have been inherited for 6,000 years and include the essence of other cultures in the world. We can't forget the truth that China's cultural accumulation of thousands of years can't be out of date in a few decades. Forgetting the humanities will make our development irrational; Forgetting the humanities will make us lose the peace of mind and emotional happiness we once had; Forget the humanities, the nation has no hope. [4]
Huzhou's ancient culture presents such an unbearable development trend that it should really wake Huzhou people up. We should clearly realize the importance of protecting our ancient culture.
Four, Huzhou ancient bridge, Huzhou ancient culture protection and development strategy.
(A) Suggestions on the protection and development of Huzhou ancient bridge
In the above description, Perfect should have a certain understanding of Huzhou ancient bridge. The number, distinctive features and high cultural value of ancient bridges in Huzhou are incomparable in many areas, adding connotation to the beautiful landscape of Huzhou. The ancient bridge in Huzhou can be described as
"Huzhou is a must". However, the ancient bridge and its culture, which reached its peak in this way, are being devastated and devastated. It is urgent to establish a reasonable system to develop and protect the ancient bridge and its culture. After investigation and interview, the author thinks that the protection of Huzhou ancient bridge should improve the understanding of the cultural value of the ancient bridge, achieve the understanding of "effective protection, rational utilization and sustainable development", formulate scientific and reasonable protection, development and utilization plans of the ancient bridge, and enhance the local residents' understanding of the importance of protecting the ancient bridge culture.