There are many changes in the seal method of Dongwu, and there are echoes in the record of merit and meditation.
the mountain road has been heavy for a long time, and many vicissitudes have worn away.
when the brick comes out, the residual length is 28.5cm, width is 16cm, and thickness is 4.7cm, with the inscription "Tian Xi Bing Shen Year Zhang Xiu Zuo". Tianxi is the seventh era of Sun Hao, the last emperor of Wu Dynasty, that is, in 276 AD, when it was two years in Xianning, Western Jin Dynasty, and this title was changed to Yuantianji in June. The inscription is a seal script, and the word method is exquisite, which is close to the "Zen Mountain Monument" established in the same year, but the rigor seems to be a little too much, with the beauty of ancient strength and exquisiteness.
Coincidentally, in recent years, bricks of the first year of Tiance Book and bricks of Dazhong Doctor were unearthed in Wucheng and Huiji, and their glyphs are similar to those of Tianfa Oracle Monument (both built in the first year of Tianxi). It can be proved that this style of calligraphy was popular among the people at that time, and it was not necessary to be an official text.
There is a "Tianfa Oracle Monument" in the Xuyuan Garden of Nanjing Presidential Palace, which is also called "Tianxi Jigong Monument". Because it is broken into three sections, it is also called "Three-section Monument". The original tablet of "Tianfa God's Prophecy Monument" has been destroyed. The existing tablet was copied by Duan Fang, the governor of the two rivers in Qing Dynasty, and embedded in the dragon wall. Unfortunately, there are only two sections, and the other section is still missing.
The late Emperor of Dongwu used stone tablets to save the crisis.
It's quite "magical" to talk about the origin of the "stone tablet made by heaven". In the first year of Dongwu Tianshu (276), someone dug the ground and got a piece of silver one foot long and three points wide, engraved with the year and month; Soon, another person got a stone letter at Linping Lake in Wujun County, with a small bluish-white stone in the middle, four inches long and two inches wide, engraved with the words "Wu Zhuzuo Emperor". So Sun Hao, the late master of Soochow, changed his title to "Tianxi" and set up a stone tablet to record the merits and demerits of the four generations of Wu masters. This is the "Tianfa Shenbei". The Record of Jiankang, which records the historical materials of the Six Dynasties, said: "The county is 3 miles south, with Niutoushan and Yunyan in Danyang in the west, and there is a big scorpion stone on the east road, which is 2 feet long and broken into three parts. The monument of this achievement is also ... more than 2 words can be distinguished and more than 5 words can be lost."
At the end of the Three Kingdoms, the Shu State founded by Liu Bei had already perished. Sima Yan, the son of Si Mazhao, abolished Wang Wei, established himself as Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and began to expand its territory and consolidate its political power. Dongwu lived in the south of the Yangtze River and was in danger. However, Sun Hao, the emperor at the end of Dongwu, trusted treacherous officials and lived in luxury. Instead of enriching the people and strengthening the country politically and militarily, he came up with some means such as witchcraft and divination to support this small court that occupied one side. The inscription on "The Monument to Heaven's Fate" is absurd, including "Heaven's Emperor's Word", "Heaven's Fate" and "Return to Dawu Forever", and the inscription is "July of the first year of Wu Tianxi". The inscription tells the people under the guise of "the words of the Emperor of Heaven": the Lord Wu inherits the throne, and it is God's will for the State of Wu to unify the world, in order to stabilize the people's hearts and strengthen the rule. Ironically, Sun Hao, who decided on the title of Tiance Book, changed the title to "the first year of Tianxi" and changed the title for eight years after he was in office for 16 years, but all this did not change the fate of Dongwu's demise. In 28 AD, Dongwu was destroyed by Jin.
during sun Hao's reign, Soochow was already plagued by domestic troubles and foreign invasion, and the state treasury was empty. But Sun Hao abused the people's power to build a new palace. In the second year of Baoding (267), Sun Hao, who succeeded to the throne shortly, built a huge Zhaoming Palace in Dongxing, Taichu Palace, and expanded Miyagi. He decreed that "all the people below 2, stones went into the mountains to take photos of logging, but also destroyed the camps, opened gardens widely, built a view of the mountains and buildings, and spent hundreds of millions of dollars on martial arts." Now the west of the West Garden of the Presidential Palace is included in the scope of Soochow Miyagi.
The monument was broken in three sections and eventually destroyed in many places.
The "Tianfa Oracle Monument" originally stood in Tianxi Temple in the south of Nanjing, and the stone carving was in the shape of a round building, which was broken into three sections in the Six Dynasties, Jin and Song Dynasties. In the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (191), Yuan You moved to Tousi Pavilion, and in the Ming Dynasty, it was moved to Jiangning Fuxue Zunjing Pavilion, which was well protected for generations until March, the tenth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (185), when it was destroyed in a fire at the Confucius Temple in Nanjing.
Although the inscription "Tianfa Shenbei" is absurd and difficult to read, its calligraphy is unique, and its brushwork and style can be described as unprecedented. It is said that the inscription was compiled by Hua He and written by Huang Xiang (another is Su Jian). Huang Xiang was a famous calligrapher in the Three Kingdoms period in China and the earliest calligrapher in Jiangsu Province, especially good at fonts such as seal script, official script and zhangcao, and his calligraphy was called one of the "Eight Musts" at that time. Most of Huang Xiang's surviving remains are official script and Zhang Cao, but the inscription "Tianfa Shenbei" is called "Chuilou Zhuan", which is a rare character in the history of Chinese calligraphy during the transition from seal script to official script, and it has rarely survived. Most of his strokes are square-edged, and most of his strokes are pointed, turning to Fiona Fang, and his images are strange and majestic, which is of great value for studying the development and evolution history of Chinese calligraphy. Famous scholars Weng Fanggang, Zhang Shuwei and others all spoke highly of this monument.
The famous monument copied by the Governor's side is elegant
There are few rubbings of the "Monument to the Heaven and the Gods", and the earliest rubbings of the Song Dynasty are now in the Palace Museum. In addition, there are Luo Zhenyu's old collections, Guichi Liu Juqing's Tibetan Ming rubbings, and Qing Yongzheng's Qianlong rubbings. The "Monument to Heaven" in the Xu Garden of the Presidential Palace is a rare and precious cultural relic, although it was re-carved by the governor of the two rivers in Qing Dynasty according to Song Tuoben.
Duanfang, born in the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), was a native of Zhengbaiqi, Manchuria. He was promoted by Yin Shengzhong, moved to the position of Foreign Minister and Langzhong, and served as Bachang Road in Zhili in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898). Later, he was appreciated by Empress Dowager Cixi, and successively served as a judge in Shaanxi, a political envoy in Shanxi, a nurse in Shaanxi, a political envoy in Henan and a governor in Hubei. In the 3th year of Guangxu (194), he served as the Governor of Jiangsu Province, acting as the Governor of Liangjiang River, advocating the reform of the style of learning schools, and dividing the whole city of Nanjing into four districts, southeast, northwest and set up schools, with 1 schools in each district and 4 schools in * * *. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (195), he went to Japan, Britain, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Egypt and other countries, and after returning home, he went to the book "European and American Politics" and advocated constitutional monarchy. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (196), Duanfang served as the Governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Foreign Trade in Nanyang, setting up schools, running police, building warships, training the army, formulating regulations for patrolling the Yangtze River, opening rivers, widening roads, building a railway running through Nanjing, setting up the first overseas Chinese school in China, and preparing to build Jiangnan Library and Liangjiang School of Politics and Law. It should be said that Duan Fang had certain achievements in cultural and economic construction at that time.
according to the history of Qing dynasty, Duan Fang was very fond of epigraphy and calligraphy, and at home, he "listed hanging pieces, sand and stones, and fake fish eyes filled his eyes", but he was quite suspected of "Ye Gong loves dragons". Someone cleverly embedded his name in a couplet, describing the end side very aptly: "Selling bad and selling short of selling lijin, if the end person is not;" There are so many prescriptions for buying books, paintings and antiques. " Although Duan Fang doesn't know the goods and know the trade, he occupies an important position and occupies a prominent position. His subordinates and wealthy families in the south of the Yangtze River will naturally offer antiques, jewels, calligraphy and paintings, and stones to their liking. Duan Fang also comes to the net, and opened an antique shop next to the governor's office, clearly marking the inventory in the seller.
It is said that the back of the "Tianfa Inscription Monument" is also engraved with a side inscription.
The third section of Tianfa Oracle is short of one and regrets
Why did Duanfang copy the Tianfa Oracle tablet? There is no way to check it now. The location of Liangjiang Governor's Office was the location of Dongwu Miyagi in those days. Perhaps Duanfang was in his hometown, so he borrowed something to express his feelings. When Duan Fang was appointed Governor of Liangjiang River, it was at the end of Qing Dynasty, and the revolutionary wave was surging, and the corrupt and incompetent Manchu government was teetering, which was quite similar to the crisis faced by Sun Hao in that year, and its ending was just as tragic.
The well-preserved "Tianfa Oracle Monument" copied by the end side has something to do with the fact that it is embedded in the dragon wall downstairs of Xijia in the presidential palace. During the Cultural Revolution, the stone tablet was covered with lime before it survived. The two stone tablets have dark background, clear handwriting, delicate handwriting and sophisticated knife skills.
as for the segmentation of the "three-section monument", there are several opinions. Notes in "A Record of Rare Manuscripts": There are 21 lines in the upper section of the stele, 5 words in each line, 6 words in the imperial edict, 7 words in the Dawu line, 17 lines in the middle section, 7 words in each line, and 1 lines in the lower section, with 3, 2 and 1 words in each line. There is another saying: the first paragraph has 2 lines, the second paragraph has 15 lines, and the last paragraph has 29 lines, with 213 words saved. After the last stone tablet, it is engraved with the inscription of Master Hu, the inscription of Shi Yu 'an in the first year of Song Chongning (112), and the inscription of Geng's orientation during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty.
However, the dimensions of the two steles in the presidential palace's Xuyuan Garden are 18cm and 8cm respectively, with one inscription with 18 lines and the other with 16 lines, but two lines are not clear. Most of the inscriptions are on these two tablets, but the other one is still missing. Is it hidden in the Dragon Wall or somewhere else? This is really a mystery.