Three people are talking about a reading method. I agree with the author. I think they all know these methods. So it confirms the author's sentence that there is no correct reading method in the world, only suitable reading methods.
I have read many book reviews. The book that Hao said in the book review made them the best. It compares reading to eating and books to all kinds of delicious food. This one is classic. The following quotation, in fact, I am also thinking that the essence of reading is actually to replenish the brain, and we should study according to our own needs. According to Mr. Hao, people's needs for reading are various: "Reading to meet various needs, reading for survival, reading for thoughts, reading for tools and reading for leisure."
Books on sweets can be read "without seeking answers"; Staple food books, read to "see its outline"; Reading books about food, as well as books about fruits and vegetables, requires "intensive reading and careful thinking". There is also Su Dongpo's Gossip Magazine reading Hanshu. To integrate them all, we must make clear our purpose through long-term reading training and meet our needs through these methods.
Original text:
On the internet, I saw someone discussing the reading styles of three famous people in history, and compared them with Tao Yuanming's "not asking for a very good solution", Zhuge Liang's "reading outline" and Zhu's "close reading".
Tao Yuanming said that he "doesn't want to know much", and he wrote that "he studies hard and doesn't want to know much, but whenever he knows one thing, he happily forgets to eat" (Biography of Mr. May 6th).
According to legend, Zhuge Liang "looked at the overall situation" and recorded that "Guangxu was in Jingzhou, and Jian 'an was with, and Meng was in Yingchuan. All three of them are familiar with their work, but they can see the overall situation alone (Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang).
It is said that Zhu is "familiar with reading and thinking" and that "reading must be familiar before reading, so that everything comes from my mouth." After careful consideration, make it self-interested, and then you can get it "("Zhu Reading Method ").
I think this comparison is meaningless, because I don't believe that these three people really have only one reading style.
Because, some books only need to "read the outline", some books need to "not ask for answers", and some books need to "read and think carefully". Not only that, some places in the same book need to "read the outline", some need "not to understand very much" and some need to "read carefully". What's more, the same book may be "sketchy" the first time, "I don't quite understand" the second time and "read and think carefully" the third time.
Therefore, it is better to say that "not asking for a very good understanding", "reading the outline" and "reading carefully" are three different styles of these three people. And I believe these three people must be very proficient in these three methods.
What is the method of reading? Or, what is the correct way to read?
There is no correct reading method in the world, only suitable reading methods.
Knowing the correct reading method has several advantages.
The first thing is to know what kind of books to treat and what methods to use.
Some books, many very sweet books, can be read "without much understanding".
Many books on staple food can be read "see outline".
However, reading books about food and books about fruits and vegetables requires "intensive reading and careful thinking".
"Don't ask for a detailed understanding", "read the outline" and "read carefully" are different ways to enjoy three different foods.
It is a waste to read a book that requires you to "read it carefully", but you use the method of "not asking for answers".
It's a waste to read books that only require you to "know little", but you use the method of "reading carefully and thinking carefully".
Second, you can quickly know how to judge what kind of diet a book is.
Although we have talked a lot about the classification of diet, as mentioned above, there are too many dietary choices now. In bookstores, libraries, and the Internet, too many reading choices are covered with various coats, trying to attract our attention.
Don't talk about the internet, just talk about bookstores. At the current publishing speed of new books, if you don't go to the bookstore you often go to for a week, you may think that you have entered a new bookstore-the new book platform area, and almost all the books have been changed.
Where do you choose to buy so many books?
You can save some time if you know how to use these three methods alternately.
When you come across a book that you find interesting, you should first browse at will, which is "not asking for an answer".
Then, we can have a "general view" of this book from its cover, back cover, author's brief introduction, author's preface and catalogue.
Thirdly, choose a paragraph in the table of contents or preface that best echoes the spirit of the book and is also the most important paragraph for the author, and carefully "read and meditate" for three to five minutes.
These three steps should be enough for you to decide whether to leave the book on the platform or take it home. Please refer to the article "A book that is not worth spending so much time" on page 78. )
Third, buy home, or borrow home books, and know how to enjoy its essence.
Some books, you sit on the sofa, turn on the vertical light, and read "Don't ask for more knowledge, but you forget to eat every time you understand it".
Some books should be "skimmed" and some notes should be made and put on the shelf for future reference.
Some books, some "read the outline" and some "read it carefully".
Some books require the whole book to "read and think carefully". Read repeatedly.
Many classics with profound thoughts have this feature. Because the coverage is deep and wide, it is the biggest waste not to read and meditate repeatedly.
These three people are not listed together on the Internet. In fact, they should be listed together. There is also a gentleman, Su Dongpo, whose reading method is also superb.
Someone asked Su Dongpo that his knowledge is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Su Dongpo said, yes. When he was a teenager, he read many books several times. I like him to read Hanshu, just over and over again. The first time he read Han Shu, he only read all the contents related to the way of governing the country, the second time he studied figures, the third time he studied the official system, the fourth time he studied the art of war and the fifth time he studied wealth and goods. In this way, every time you read it, you can collect it completely for one topic and turn a blind eye to other topics, so that you can understand this topic. Read it several times, and you will master every topic. Finally, he said, "If you succeed, you will be attacked from all directions, which is different from those who admire dabbling." After learning this kind of kung fu, you can feel at ease under siege, which is different from those who just talk about their love of reading. This is an invincible posture.
Su Dongpo's method is not used to read gossip magazines. This reading method is, first of all, the most suitable for reading books that most people think are complicated and profound and seem dizzy; Second, reading it as a theme is also the best. (Please refer to page 202 "The topic reading is not so profound". )
Su Dongpo's method can be called "being attacked on all sides". Being attacked from all sides is a multi-level reading. The method of "being attacked on all sides" must include using several other methods at the same time.
Reading and reading, we have been used to "study hard" since childhood.
There is nothing wrong with the sentence "study hard". Under our school education and examination system, too many people interpret "study hard" as "work hard".
Study hard, and some trivial materials that are not worth remembering in textbooks have become the possibility of becoming a question bank, so I write them down with hard notes and recite them.
From a very young age, we have been damaged by the understanding that reading should be interactive, such as "not requiring very detailed understanding", "reading the main idea", "reading carefully" and "being attacked by all sides"
"Study hard", in fact, we should understand what different "Kung Fu" should be used to treat different books-we should know how the four sets of Kung Fu of Zhuge Liang, Tao Yuanming, Zhu and Su Dongpo are used alternately.
I don't know how to read different books with different kung fu. I only know how to study hard. This is death.
Dead reading is to use the CPU of the brain as a hard disk. The CPU is wasted, so I can't use any other hard disk if I want to.
Method of taking notes
So, you need to buy three books: one to take notes. A book for a day has a brand-new reunion experience. Buy another one for a friend.
Since our memory can't be preserved that much, it is very important to review some books in the future. So some people think that you should take notes, which will help you to collect them quickly in the future.
Speaking of notes, there are many places to write, such as notes and notebooks. But some people think that the best place is between the lines of the book itself.
However, apart from reluctance, because many books have different feelings and experiences every time you read them, some people think that you should not take notes, so that when you reread them later, it will help you read a new book and have new experiences and discoveries. John erskine said, "When I read this book again, the underlined places will remind me of my first reading, so it is difficult to find new discoveries and inspirations. On the contrary, when I don't underline, people will have fresh feelings and impressions. " So his habit is to index when reading.
I agree with these two views. So when reading a book for the first time, take notes directly in the book. Some books feel really good after taking notes, so I'll buy another one and put it on the shelf for a new reunion another day. I will buy another one for my friend at this time. Therefore, some books should be bought for three. )
As for some rare books and hard-won books in China, I'll make a photocopy first. Take notes on the photocopied book and keep the original book.
There is often an index at the back of the book. An index, to a great extent, can be said to be the notes listed by the author for you. Remind you of the main points of these notes and which pages you can find. However, "everyone has their own points of attention, and ordinary inspection must not be convenient to remember others." Cai Yuanpei said.
"Writing the date of reading and my general comments at the back of a book can at least remind me of my general thoughts and impressions of the author when reading." Montaigne said.
Hu Shi talked about reading at four points: eyes, mouth, heart and hands. He said: "Publishing is a wonderful way to absorb knowledge and ideas. The absorbed intellectual thoughts, whether obtained from reading or listening to lectures, are only vague and fragmentary, not our own things. You must do one thing, or make a summary, or explain, or discuss, reorganize yourself, describe yourself, and describe it in your own language-that kind of intellectual thought is your own. " So he not only folded the corner in the book, marked it with a pencil, but also took notes.
This passage by Hu Shi makes the role of notes extremely clear.
Taking notes is not only for later collection, but also for today's understanding. For example, Zhang Zai of the Northern Song Dynasty said, "If your heart is open, even if you read the notes. If not, plug it. " Writing down your own experience while it is hot is of course one reason. Another thing I feel is that if it is really a deep experience, I am not afraid to dissipate, but I am afraid of some associations. Some associations just happened at that time, so we have to write them down quickly.
I really believe in the sentence "Han Xin will send more soldiers, the better, and the method of handling notes is still the same". The ancients had methods such as article editing, mutual annotation, leaf scattering and indexing. Modern PDA, computer and network are so convenient, my method is about the following cross-use:
First, write it down directly. There are three main types of notes:
1. Inspiring signs, such as "!" , and experience.
2. The author just made a beginning and felt it necessary to follow up. Go to other places to track, such as "□".
3. I don't understand the marks I want to clean up next time, such as "?" .
4. Disagree with the mark of the author's argument and refute it, such as "╳".
Second, some notes should be tracked quickly or immediately and recorded on your PDA.
Third, some words are a little long, so write them down in a notebook. A paper notebook allows you to write down your thoughts in scrawled handwriting more quickly. )
Fourth, finally, input the second and third kinds of notes into the computer. Paragraphs that are particularly liked or valued in the first type of notes are also typed into the computer. These materials that have entered the computer will be easy to trace back from the internet, and the next notes will be processed directly on the computer.