Zhao Kuangyin 1
Zhao Kuangyin (March 2, 9271-June165438+1October14,976) was named as Yuen Long, and its nickname was Xiang Haier and Zhao Jiuzhong. Zhuo Jun was born in Jiamaying, Luoyang City (now Dongguan, Chanhe District, Luoyang City, Henan Province).
Military strategist and martial artist from the Five Dynasties to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty (reigned on February 4, 960-976 165438+ 10/4). The second son of Zhao (Song Xuanzu), the garrison commander of the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, was Du (Queen Zhao Xian).
When Zhao Kuangyin was in Yin Di, he defected to Guo Wei, an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and joined the ranks. He was highly valued by post-Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, and made many meritorious military achievements when he conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty. When Chai Rong was seriously ill, he was appointed as the inspector in front of the temple, in charge of the imperial guards in front of the temple.
Shortly after Emperor Gong ascended the throne, he was ordered to resist the Northern Han and Qidan allied forces. Then he proclaimed himself emperor in the "Chen Qiao mutiny" and returned to Beijing to persecute Emperor Gong. In the seventh year of Xiande (960), Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne and changed his name to Song, which was called Song and Northern Song in history.
During the reign of Zhao Kuangyin, according to Prime Minister Zhao Pu's strategy of "South first, then North, first easy and then difficult", he devoted himself to unifying the whole country, and successively eliminated the southern separatist regimes such as Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang, and completed the unification of most parts of the country.
He twice "lifted the ban on military power with a glass of wine", stopped the military power of forbidden generals and local buffer regions, and solved the situation that local foot soldiers were self-sufficient since the mid-Tang Dynasty.
In addition, a "sealed warehouse" was established to store money, silk and cloth, with a view to redeeming the sixteen counties presented to Qidan by Shi Jingtang, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin died at the age of 50. In the 16th year of his reign, posthumous title was buried in Yongchang Mausoleum.
2. Zhao Zhen
The beneficiary's name is Zhao (101May 30th-1April 30th, 063). The fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty (1March 23rd, 022-1April 30th, 063) was the sixth son of Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong, and his mother was Li Chenfei.
The monarch of the early calendar, the king of Shouchun County, was promoted to the King of Heaven, and the official book was sealed. In the second year of Tianxi (10 18), he was appointed Crown Prince and named Zhao Zhen.
In the first year of Ganxing (1022), thirteen-year-old Zhao Zhen ascended the throne. In the early days of Xianming Zhang's administration, he listened to Liu's political opinions and took power in two years (1033).
The first "Song-Xia War" broke out in the middle of the reign. After three years of fighting, the two sides signed the Calendar and Celebration. During this period, the Liao dynasty took the opportunity to press the border on a large scale, forcing the Song dynasty to increase and decrease the annual currency, which was called "increasing the currency by emphasizing the city" in history.
In response to the increasingly serious ruling crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Zhen appointed Fan Zhongyan and others to carry out the "Qingli New Deal" in the third year of Li Qing (1043), but the reform was suspended immediately because of the huge opposition.
In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Zhao Zhen died at the age of 54. He reigned for forty-two years and was the longest-serving emperor in the Song Dynasty. Emperor Wen Sheng, posthumous title Deshen Wu Ruizhe and Xiao Ming, whose temple number is Renzong, were buried in Yongzhaoling.
3. Evonne
Evonne (1May 5, 082-1Kloc-0/June 5, 35), owner of Xuanhe, was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty and a painter. Song Shenzong's 11th son and Song Zhezong's younger brother. He was successively named King Suining and King Duan.
In the first month of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), Zhezong died childless, and Empress Dowager Xiang became emperor in the same month. The following year, she changed her name to "Jianzhong Guo Jing".
After Song Huizong acceded to the throne, the new law was put into use. Cai Jing, who was highly valued by Song Huizong, did evil under the banner of the new law, bribed officials and sold them titles and titles, and his political situation plummeted.
During his reign, he pursued extravagant life excessively, bought "flowers and stones" in the south, collected exotic flowers and stones and transported them to Bianjing to build a garden palace. Song Huizong believed in Taoism, built a large number of temples, claimed to be "the founder of Daojun Emperor", and often invited Taoist priests to tell fortune.
In the first year of Huihe (1 1 18), he served as a 26-grade Taoist official and an 8-grade Taoist post. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), the Taoist school was established by setting up female Taoist records and auxiliary Taoist records in the third classics.
Under the decadent rule of Song Huizong Group, internal peasant uprisings surged, Liangshan Uprising and Fang La Uprising broke out one after another, and the Northern Song Dynasty was in danger. But Song Huizong's artistic attainments are very high.
Song Huizong's love for painting is very sincere. He used imperial power to promote painting, which made the painting art in Song Dynasty develop unprecedentedly. He also created his own calligraphy font, which was called "thin gold body" by later generations. He loves painting flowers and birds and has formed his own "courtyard". He is a rare and accomplished artistic emperor in ancient times.
In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Enemy at the Gates, the Jin army, was hastily ceded to the prince on the orders of Li Gang. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he and Qin Huan were captured by the Jin people.
Jin Tianhui died in Wu Guocheng in the 13th year (1 135) at the age of 54. In March of the 12th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 142), the coffin was welcomed back to the Southern Song Dynasty and buried in Youyong Mausoleum in Shaoxing.
4. Zhao Gou
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou (165438+June/2, 2007 ~1187 65438+1October 9) was born in Bianliang, Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan). The tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ninth son of Song Huizong Evonne, and the younger brother of Song Qinzong Zhao Huan.
In the first year of Daguan (165438+June 2007), he was born in the palace. He was born smart, knowledgeable and memorable, worshipped the inspector and appointed our officers. After the change of Jingkang, Jin Bing captured his father Song Huizong and his younger brother Song Qinzong and perished in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Kang Wang established the Southern Song Dynasty in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province). During his reign, forced by the situation and popular support, he appointed hawkish generals such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong to fight against 8 Jin J, reused hawkish generals such as Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan, Wang Lun and Qin Gui, made peace blindly, executed Yue Fei, and dismissed hawkish ministers such as Li Gang, Zhang Jun and Han Shizhong.
In the thirty-second year of Shao (1 162), Zhao Shen, the crown prince, was honored as "Eta Ursae Majoris Shoushengxian, celestial body, benevolence, benevolence, sincerity, virtue, Changtong Wuwei Wenshaoye."
In the 14th year of Xichun (1 187), he died in Deshou Palace at the age of 8 1 year, and became one of the rare long-lived emperors in China history, "Emperor Xiao Xian of San SHEN WOO" in posthumous title, with the temple name Gaozong.
In the second year of Shao Xi in Song Guangzong (1 19 1), he was honored as "Emperor Wen Zhaoren's filial piety, and ordered him to do his utmost to revive SHEN WOO".
5. Zhao Dun
Zhao Dun (11September 30, 47-65438+September 2000 17), namely Song Guangzong (in place1189-11.
Born in Shaoxing on September 30th, 17th year (1 147), born in Xiaozong's official residence. In the 20th year of Shaoxing (1 150), Song Gaozong was appointed as Zhao Dun, and Youjian State was given the position of deputy prefect and transferred to the secretariat of Rongzhou.
After Song Xiaozong acceded to the throne, he worshipped Tao Jun in the town, opened a mansion, and conferred the title of King Gong. In the seventh year (1 17 1), Dadao was established as the Crown Prince. In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Song Xiaozong became emperor and changed to Shao Xi.
In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), Zen was in the second son, Zhao Kuo, and he became the emperor's father. Historically, it was called "Shao Xi Internal Reference" or "Guangzong Internal Reference".
In the 6th year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhao Dun died in Shoukang Palace on September 17th at the age of 54 and was buried in chongling. In the third year of Jiatai in Song Ningzong (1203), posthumous title was the filial emperor of Dongwu, inspired by Taoism.
At the beginning of Zhao Dun's succession, he really wanted to innovate. He was able to listen to his liegeman's advice and eliminated some unscrupulous people. However, he was "jealous and fierce" and had a serious fear of his wife, which led to the neglect of state affairs in the later period.
He also listened to rumors and alienated the emperor Zhao Shen, which led to the political crisis in the Southern Song Dynasty. During the five years of Zhao Dun's rule, the achievements of "the rule of Gan Chun" gradually disappeared, and the Southern Song Dynasty began to turn from prosperity to decline.
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