Li Dongyang (1447 ~ 15 16) was a poet and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. The word Binzhi, named Xia, was born in Huguang Chaling (now Hunan) and lived in Beijing for a long time. Pupils learn calligraphy, and at the age of 4, they can write big characters of diameter and ruler. Dai Zong once called Kao, held him in his lap with joy and gave him fruit money. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong Tianshun (1464), he was a scholar and was awarded editing. Later, he served as a bachelor's assistant and official in the East Palace. Mrs. Xiao was young at that time and wrote a letter to discuss the gains and losses of current politics. Many of them have been corrected, promoted to right assistant minister, and appointed to the cabinet, which has more grass. In the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), he went to Wenyuan Pavilion to participate in maintenance, and later he was transferred to Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and Prince Shaobao of Wenyuan Pavilion, becoming an important official of the court. Liu Jin, the eunuch of Wu, was autocratic, and the old and loyal officials were exiled and persecuted repeatedly. Li Dongyang is the only one who is attached to the world and escapes from disaster, which is quite dissatisfied and criticized by upright people in the contemporary world. However, instead of helping others to abuse him, he "imperceptibly took away his kindness, and the world was sheltered by him" (biography of Li Dongyang in Ming Dynasty), and was persecuted by Liu Jin. After Liu Jin was punished, Li Dongyang wrote to himself that "he suffered too much because of forbearance, so it should be", and the emperor comforted him. Give it to the teacher. After death, Zheng Wen also died. During Yongle and Chenghua of Ming Dynasty, "Taige Style" prevailed in the literary world, with poor and redundant content, elegant and beautiful form and poor literary expression. By the middle of Hongzhi, the first seven scholars had said that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", and "Taige Style" was replaced by the retro literature movement. Li Dongyang inherited the Taige style, connecting the past with the future. During the years of Chenghua and Hongzhi, he presided over the poetry circle as a court minister, rewarded backwardness, gained considerable prestige and influence, and formed the "Chaling Poetry School" headed by him. His prose pursues elegance and elegance, and advocates drawing lessons from the ancient prose of pre-Qin without losing style; His poems advocated Du Fu, the patriarchal clan system, and emphasized the tone of statutes. He wrote hundreds of poems imitating the ancient Yuefu, which initiated the creative trend of the former and the latter seven scholars and had a significant influence on the former and the latter seven scholars. Li Dongyang's poems are famous for imitating the ancient Yuefu, reciting historical facts and expressing his feelings, or criticizing the tyrant's abuse of government or sympathizing with the people's sufferings. For example, "Hate of Building a City" wrote the current events of Qin Shihuang: "Building a city is bitter, building a city is bitter, Ding Fu died on the city, the trombone was angry, and the Great Wall suddenly collapsed to the ground." Another example is "Sanzi Prison", which accuses Qin Gui of harming Yue Fei with the word "unwarranted": "Sanzi Prison, if the sky refuses to accept it, kill Wu Mu. -If you lose, you are afraid of heaven. You are really not qualified to say anything! " Such as Yi Shui Xing, Huaiyin Tan, Fei Ming's Complaint, Zhang Wuyuan, Ma, Golden School, etc. Many ancient events involving Qin Shihuang, Jing Ke, Han Xin, Wang Zhaojun, Zhuge Liang, Yang Guifei, Yue Fei, etc. are relatively pertinent, profound and awe-inspiring. Except Yuefu poems, most of them are presented as entertainment topics, which is not desirable. Other five-character and seven-character poems are still excellent, such as "Solstice of Spring", which deeply laments that "the east neighbors don't wear brown, and the Westinghouse is smokeless. Farmers are looking forward to spring wheat, but the wheat is not in the field. Being displaced from place to place, the flesh and blood can't cherish each other, making him "hungry." Another example is "Looking at the King" and "Sighing the Rain". I feel that I am hurting the world, and I am affectionate. His poems are also good at describing scenery and expressing emotion, and can express fresh artistic conception with plain words. For example, "Pastoral in the North Plains": "The grass in the North Plains is green and the cows are fat, and the shepherds sing and the cows return. My son lives in Sakamoto, and his singing skills are getting lower and lower, and people are getting farther and farther away. The mountains are big and the water is shallow. "Another example is Listening to the Rain at Night Window, which is about the tranquility of the rain at night and the reverie of listening to the rain. It reads like being there. Li Dongyang's prose includes Fu, Preface, Annotation, Argumentation, Biography, Essays, Inscriptions and Postscripts, etc. Notes, biographies and essays are better. Such as "Traveling to the Western Hills", "Listening to the Rain Pavilion" and "Remembering the Female Doctor". , or write architecture, vivid image; Or write a rain scene and describe it in detail; Or write some "female doctors" who are ignorant of cheating money and analyze them in depth. His prose is fluent and elegant, and his reasoning is powerful, which shows the meaning of learning from the ancient prose of the pre-Qin period. There is also a volume of Poems in Huailutang, which is full of Yan Yu, stressing, emphasizing words, emphasizing structure, neglecting content and copying, which is extremely inappropriate. Li Dongyang has been an official for 50 years, which is known as "sitting on a loose book", so he wrote a lot. Xiaozong was then the chief executive, and he wrote Ming Hui Dian (volume 180), which is rich in historical materials. He also wrote 1 volume "On New and Old Tang Books", which collected Tang Shi's deeds and distinguished right from wrong. Previous comments were mostly innuendo or self-evident. Liao Fangda, a scholar of Chaling in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, collected Li Dongyang's poems and songs, which have been published in 100, including 30 poems, 60 essays and 10. Before the collection, there was Li Dongyang's Preface, which was written by Li Wei in imitation of ancient Yuefu, and Liao Fangda moved it to the preface of Complete Works.
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