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In ancient times, when there were people, there were no palaces, so they dug caves under the mounds and lived in them. The sage monarch is worried and thinks that digging holes can "avoid the cold in winter", but in summer, the bottom is wet and the top is exposed to the sun, which may damage the essence of the people, so building houses will benefit the people. "But what's the use of building a house? Zi Mozi said: "The fence can keep out the cold, the roof above can keep out snow, frost and rain, the house is clean and can be used to worship the gods, and the partition wall can be used to distinguish between men and women." The sage king never does anything that costs money but is not good for the people. "
2. History of Su Dongpo, Wang Runzhi and Wang Fu:
Under the steep rock wall of Qingshen Zhongyan Temple, there is a pool of clear water, which is crystal clear. One day, the abbot of the temple came to Wang Fang's college in Gong Sheng and asked him to give this pool an elegant name. Wang Fang wanted to find an opportunity to test the students' abilities. Because he funded the opening of the college, he asked each student to give the swimming pool a name and hand it in on paper.
One by one, the students picked up their pens, finished writing quickly and handed them in. Only Su Dongpo was slow to write. He lingered by the pool for a long time, suddenly clapping his hands and sighing, "It's a pity that there are no fish in such a clear spring!" Who knows this shot, a fish swam out of the gap by the pool, wagging its head and tail, swimming around in the water.
Su Dongpo's heart moved, so he started to write three words and handed them in. Wang Fang opened the paper money one by one, only to find some vulgar names such as "fish pond", "fish pond" and "fish pond" on it. He was about to open the last piece of paper when his daughter Wang Fu sent a maid to deliver a piece of paper. So he opened two pieces of paper together.
Unexpectedly, Su Dongpo and Wang Fu gave this pool an elegant and amazing name "Call Fish Pond". After the abbot and monk got this reputation for the pond, they wanted to carve the three characters "Call Fish Pond" on the rock wall beside the pond, and then asked Wang Fang to write it. Wang Fang still does the same thing, asking each student to write an article and hand it in, and then inviting celebrities from Qingshen to taste it.
It was sunny that day, and dozens of calligraphy were hung by the pool of Zhongyan Temple, all of which read "Call Fish Pond". The performance of cursive seals is dazzling and shows their magical powers. After a while, a group of talents came and there were many people watching. Wang Fang's daughter Wang Fu also came with the maid.
A group of people choose left and right, and comment repeatedly. They all agree that the word "called fish pond" written by Su Dongpo has the most charm. Su Dongpo won the championship in both competitions, but Wang Fang thinks that his daughter's name coincides with Dongpo's name, so it doesn't match. So Su Dongpo was recruited as a son-in-law, and the two became loving couples. Wang Fu is sixteen and Su Dongpo is eighteen.
When Su Dongpo was twenty-nine, his beloved wife Wang Fu left his youngest son Mai Su and died young in Kaifeng, Henan. The following year, Su Dongpo personally sent her coffin back to her hometown for burial. Wang Fu is clever, virtuous and knowledgeable. After eleven years of marriage, husband and wife have deep feelings. Su Dongpo, a young man who lost his wife, was very sad and unhappy.
Ten years later, when Su Dongpo was the magistrate in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, he also wrote a poem "Jiangchengzi" (recalling dreams on the 20th day of the first month): "Ten years of life and death are two boundless, so don't forget it. A lonely grave thousands of miles away is nowhere to be sad. " This word expresses his deep yearning for his dead wife. It was sad and touching, and all the listeners shed tears.
Su Dongpo and Wang Runzhi:
Wang Fu died before Su Shi at the age of 27. Su Shi was heartbroken and didn't write any more poems for three consecutive years. Later, under the arrangement of the elders, Su Shi married Wang Fu's cousin Wang Runzhi and became a second wife. Although Wang Runzhi was not as smart and modest as Wang Fu, she was also a very gentle and virtuous person, and treated Wang Fu's children as her own.
Wang Runzhi is the person who has been with Su Shi for the longest time. They lived together for 25 years and went through all kinds of hardships together. It can be said that Wang Runzhi gave Su Shi family warmth again.
Extended data:
Su Shi had an eventful life. Although the literary achievements are very high, it has been relegated to the officialdom several times and has gone further and further from time to time. In his later years, he was demoted to Danzhou (now Danzhou, Hainan), and his career was not smooth. His three lovers also died before him. "Ten years of life and death are endless and unforgettable." This sentence alone is enough to see Su Shi's yearning for his dead wife.
If "ten years of life and death are two boundless" is Su Shi's eulogy to Wang Fu, and "only the same cave" (buried in the same cave after death) is Su Shi's commitment to Wang Runzhi, then "it is out of place, and only Chaoyun can know me. A person plays the old tune and misses you every time it rains. " That's Su Shi's praise for Wang Chaoyun.
Wang Chaoyun is a geisha that Su Shi bought in Hangzhou. She was only 12 years old at that time. As a geisha, although she is young, she knows a lot about piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and is very popular with Su Shi. /kloc-was adopted as a concubine by Su Shi at the age of 0/8. If Wang Runzhi made Su Shi feel the warmth of his family, then Wang Chaoyun gave Su Shi spiritual comfort. "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate." This was written by Su Shi and Wang Chaoyun when they visited the West Lake.
Unfortunately, all three people died before Su Shi, so you can imagine how sad Su Shi was in his later years. Not only was he demoted, but he also suffered and died with his beloved.
On the translation of the classical Chinese "nowhere to escape": Duke Zhou said: "Alas, a gentleman has nowhere to escape.
The difficulty of the prophet's harvest is to escape, and then he knows the dependence of the villain. As a villain, my parents are hardworking and do not know the difficulty of cultivation. It is a joke to run away.
If you were born, you would insult your parents and say,' People in the past were ignorant.' "The duke of zhou said," alas, I heard that in the past, I was loyal to the Yin emperor. Yin is afraid of destiny.
Govern the people by yourself. Only fear, dare not abandon peace.
Fourth, middle school enjoys the country for 70 years. When he was in Gaozong, he worked hard outside. He was a villain.
With its accession to the throne, it will be clear in three years. Its only words are harmonious words.
Dare not be desolate, Jiajing Silver List. As for the small ones, there is no time to complain.
Fourth, the emperor enjoyed the country for fifty years. In the ancestral home, benevolence and righteousness are king, and old people are villains.
As an acceded to the throne, he knew that the villain could rely on and protect the common people, but he dared to insult the widow. The fourth ancestor enjoyed the country for three years in thirty years.
If you are a king after death, you will run away while you are alive. Life is easy, knowing the sufferings of crops, learning the merits of villains, but enjoying it.
I have lost my life since the end of time. Or ten years, or 78 years, or 56 years, or 43 years. "
Duke Zhou said, "Alas, only I, Zhou and Wang Ji can resist fear. King Wen is humble, that is, Kang Gong Tian Gong.
The emblem is gentle and courteous, protects the king, and is fresh and unhappy. From North Korea to Japan and China, you can eat freely, use salt and all the people.
King Wen dared to swim in the fields in order to provide righteous support for Yongzhou. King Wen was ordered to stay in China and enjoy the country for fifty years. "
Duke Zhou said, "Since I inherited the king, I have never been addicted to viewing, leisure, traveling or farming, and all the people have sincerely offered offerings. No emperor said,' Have fun today.
It's not the training of the people, it's not the day, it's embarrassing. If there is no Yin, you will be confused and addicted to debauchery and virtue! Duke Zhou said, "Alas, I heard that ancient people, such as Gao, Xu and Xu Jiao, had nothing to do with the people or were illusory.
This knight, who listens to it, is taught by everyone, which is the accident of the right to punish the former king. As for the small and the big. Otherwise, people will feel guilty, otherwise, they will curse and hope. "
Duke Zhou said, "Alas, since Yin Zhongzong and Zujia, and I, Zi and Zi, are four emperors. Jue still told me:' I blame you for flattering you.
Then the emperor respects morality. Jueyan said,' I'm embarrassed.
If you allow it, you dare to get angry. If you don't listen to this, people will either pretend to be illusory and say, I blame you for flattering you, and I will believe you. If I do, I will never forget that I will be lenient, punish evil and promote good, and kill innocent people.
Resentment is the same, and it is clustered in the body. Duke Zhou said, Alas, Nidhogg, it depends on this. "
Duke Zhou said: Ah, a gentleman is in his place, don't covet comfort. Know the hardships of agriculture first, and then know the difficulties of ordinary people.
Look at those little people. Their parents worked hard to reap the harvest, but their son knew nothing about the hardships of crops, was greedy for pleasure, was arrogant and even cheated. I looked down on my parents and said, "You were ignorant before."
Duke Zhou said: Ah, I heard that when Yin Zongshi was in power, he treated the God-given throne with dignity and prudence, and he was honest and prudent in governing the people, and did not dare to covet ease and neglect political affairs. So Zhongzong reigned for seventy-five years.
During the reign of Yin, he lived a hard life for many years, so he had the opportunity to get in touch with the lives of ordinary people. Began to acceded to the throne, full of integrity, silent attitude, three years without talking.
But when he spoke, the ministers agreed. Dare not covet happiness, neglect political affairs and stabilize the silver state. Officials, large and small, have no complaints.
So the emperor reigned for fifty-nine years. In Yin Zujia's time, he thought it unfair to abandon his younger brother as a king, fled to the people and lived a civilian life for a long time.
When he ascended the throne, he understood the sufferings of the people very well, extended a helping hand to them, and never discriminated against the lonely. So Zujia reigned for thirty-three years.
From then on, the king was born at ease. Comfortable and comfortable, regardless of the sufferings of the people, indulge in pleasure.
Since then, no one has been in power for a long time. Some are ten years, some are 78 years, some are five or six years, and some are four or three years.
Duke Zhou said: Ah, only I, Zhou Wangji, am respectful and cautious. King Wen completed the cause of stabilizing people's hearts and reclaiming land in an orderly way.
Kind and humble, appease the people, virtuous and lonely. From morning till night, when the sun sets and there is no time to eat, it is used to harmonize people.
King Wen didn't dare to stay in safari, and worked hard in politics respectfully. Wang Wenzhong Nian was a vassal who ruled for fifty years.
Duke Zhou said: Ah, you can't indulge yourself in the future, and you can't be too greedy for happiness, comfort, fun and hunting. Do your best for the cause of all the people.
For example, "Let's have fun today." That's not teaching the people, and that's not Shuntian.
Such people are at fault. Don't waste yourself in confusion like Zhou Wang, and drink without restraint! Duke Zhou said: Ah, I heard that the ancients warned each other, cared for each other and educated each other, and the people did not bully them.
If he doesn't listen to these warnings, his ministers will act according to his wishes. Then it will confuse the politics and statutes of the previous dynasty, and lose big because of small.
People will hate in their hearts and curse in their mouths. Duke Zhou said, Ah, since Yin Zongzong, Gao Zong, Zujia, Zhou Wenwang and I are all wise.
Someone told them that little people hate you and scold you, and they pay more attention to their moral cultivation. He also said there was something wrong, and it should be my fault.
In this way, people will not be afraid of getting angry. If you don't listen to this, someone will lie to you and say that if I blame you and scold you, you will believe me.
If you are so credulous, then you should not always interpret it as the way of the monarch. If you are not generous, you will punish evil and promote good, and kill innocent people, and resentment will gather and concentrate on him. Duke Zhou said: Ah, if you want to be a king, you should take this as a lesson.
Introduction: No Escape comes from Shangshu, which expresses the idea of prohibiting debauchery. There is no escape, don't covet comfort. The article begins with a clear meaning and puts forward: "A gentleman has no escape.
This is the theme of this article and the core of the discussion. Shangshu is the earliest compilation of historical documents in ancient China.
At first, it was called a book, but in the Han Dynasty, it was called Shangshu, which means "ancient book". After the Han Dynasty, Shangshu became one of the important Confucian classics, so it was also called The Book of Songs.
It is difficult to determine the date of writing and editing and the author of this book, but it was finalized before the Han Dynasty. It is said that Confucius once compiled Shangshu, but many people think this statement is unreliable.
Shangshu is written in prose, arranged by dynasties, and divided into Yu Shu, Xia Shu, Shangshu and Zhou Shu. There are roughly four styles: one is "Dian", mainly recording.
4. Interpretation and translation of the epitaph of Wang's deceased wife in classical Chinese.
1065 (the second year of Zhiping) On May 28th, Wang, the wife of Su Shi in Zhao County, died in Kaifeng, the capital. On June 6, the coffin was parked outside the west gate of Beijing. In June of the following year, I buried my wife in Li Kelong, Anzhen Township, pengshan county, northeast of Meizhou City. My wife's grave is located eight steps northwest of her father's and mother's grave. Now I will make an epitaph for her as follows:
The wife of the deceased was Wang Fu, a native of Qingshen County, Meizhou, and his father was a local tribute scholar Wang Fang. When she was sixteen, she married my Su Shi and gave birth to a son named Mai Su. Before getting married, she was very filial to her parents at home. After marrying me, she is also very filial to my parents. Her modesty and seriousness are well-known in the local area. When I first got married, she didn't tell me that she could read. She saw me reading and sat next to me. I don't know if she knows what I read. Later books will have forgotten places, and she will remember the contents of these places. I asked her a few books, and she basically remembered them. Only after that did I know that she was smart and quiet.
She accompanied me to Fengxiang Building as a judge of the signing ceremony. I travel a lot, and every time I come back, she will ask me about my work in detail.
She often warns me: "You are a stranger here, so you must be careful everywhere." She warned me these words every day, and so did my father. I talk to my friend outside, and she often stands behind the screen and listens carefully. When I come back, she can repeat what we once said. He also said: "Some people are biased in discussing issues and often go to extremes. But your opinion is correct, why discuss it with these people! " Anyone who wants me to do anything will come to help me. She always warned me: "such people can't be long-term friends." It's unbelievable that this man made friends with you so soon. Therefore, it is easy to meet bad people. It is best not to make friends with such people. " Soon, her point of view was confirmed. When she was dying, her words were heard and everyone felt the same way. She passed away at the age of 27. When I just lost her, my father told me, "Your daughter-in-law is a person who shares your joys and sorrows. You can't forget her. When you have a chance in the future, you must bury her next to your mother's grave. " In less than a year, my father left me, too. I, Su Shi, buried her in our family's cemetery according to my father's wishes. I wrote an inscription for her, which reads as follows:
You can follow our mother to the grave, but I don't have the chance. What a pity! Without you, I will lose my eternal dependence. Although you left me, I have the honor to marry you in this life. As a daughter-in-law, you can be buried next to your in-laws, and I have nothing to be sad about. What a pity!
5. What is the classical Chinese translation of "Gong Wei Shu CuO Disease"? Gong Wei Shu CuO (1) was ill, and Huisuoluo asked him. Said: "uncle is sick, that is, you can't be ashamed of it." What will you do with the country? " Uncle CuO said to him, "CuO has an imperial son, GongSunYang, who wants your majesty to listen to state affairs. For 4, you can listen, don't engage in competitions. " Wang Fuying replied that when he came out, he said, "Isn't this sad? It is not contradictory to say that I will listen to martingale in state affairs because of my uncle's virtue! "
When my uncle was killed, Gong Sunyang heard about it and buried it, and the Western Qin Dynasty was used for filial piety. Guo Qin is getting stronger every day, but Wei Riyan has been cut off. This is not the uncle's rebellion, but also the king's rebellion. For rebellious people, it is a contradiction to bring people who are not rebellious.
Note (1) Uncle Kuo: Wei Xiang. That is, if. There is no denying that it means an unfortunate death. Third son: Minister of the Interior. Gong Sunyang: It's Shang Yang. 4 is: if. ⑤ Competition: the same as "environment". 6 paradox: confused and groggy. 7. Reality: Originally.
Wei's uncle was ill and went to call a doctor. He said, "Mr. Wang is ill. What will the country do if he dies unfortunately? " Uncle CuO replied, "I have a courtier, Gong Sunyang. I hope your majesty will listen to him on state affairs. If you can't listen to him, you must not let him leave the country. " King Hui disagreed, so he came out and said, "Aren't you sad? With my uncle's talent, but told me that national affairs must listen to Sun Yang, isn't it too confused? "
After Gong Shucuo's death, Gong Sunyang heard about it, buried Gong Shucuo and went west to Qin. Qin Xiaogong accepted him and made great use of him. Sure enough, the state of Qin is getting stronger every day, and the state of Wei is getting weaker every day. This is not my uncle confused, but Hui Wang confused. The worry of a confused person turns out that people who are not confused are confused.
6. A story that Su Shi's wife listened to behind the scenes,
Wang Fu is a very virtuous, "sensitive and quiet" woman. She is plain and smart, and always cares about her husband. She is introverted, which complements Su Dongpo's frank and unrestrained personality. She knew that Su Dongpo studied hard and accompanied him "for a day"; For the notes in the book, Dongpo occasionally forgets, and can remind him from the side. Dongpo asked her about other books, and she also "knew a little".
After Dongpo became an official, she often reminded her husband of her "character" and "temperament". Dongpo often regards everyone he comes into contact with as a good person, claiming that "there are no bad people in the world" and saying, "I am careless in my words and make selfless friends with others, and I don't want to lose my heart." Endless, if you can't get rid of it, you will spit it out, but people may forget it and blame it ... "So, there is the story of Wang Fu's" listening behind the scenes ". When Dongpo talks with visiting guests, Wang Fu always hides behind the screen and listens with bated breath.
One day, after a guest left, she asked her husband, "Some people want to talk at both ends, but what does a son want? What's the use of a son?" She said, why are you talking to him? He just listens to what you have to say, so that he can say what you mean. What a clever woman!
Another time, "someone came to ask for a close relationship with the stone." After entertaining the guests, Wang Fu immediately advised her husband, "I'm afraid it won't last long. Be serious with others, and you will walk fast! Sure enough. " It can be said that Su Dongpo is lucky to have Wang Fu around.
But good people often don't live long. 26-year-old Wang Fu died unfortunately. After the burial, Dongpo sighed sadly in front of Wang Fu's grave: "Alas! Yu Yong has nothing to lose! " Su Dongpo lived with Wang Fu for eleven years.
Second,
Su Shi soon became the signing judge of Fengxiang House, and Wang Fu followed her husband. At this time, they already had a child, Mai Su, who later accompanied Su Shi to Shi Zhongshan. Su Shi's feeling of being an official has never been very good. He began to make friends. He is a man who really lives for his friends. Friends often go home. Su Shi believes that there are no bad people in the world, but they are all warmly treated. Everyone is talking about it, and Su Shi knows that Wang Fu is hiding behind the curtain to eavesdrop. Su Shi's back is really cold. If his friends knew, wouldn't he laugh his teeth off? One day, Zhang Dun came and said many things that made Su Shi happy. Just after Zhang Dun left, Wang Fu came out from behind the scenes and said, This man is unreliable today, and his enthusiasm is too high. Be careful, I'm afraid I'll be bad for you in the future. Later, Zhang Dun persecuted Su Shi the most fiercely. Su Shi, who was open-minded, hated his guts and even refused to meet him on the grounds of ghosts. Wang Fu really has a woman's extraordinary ability to judge good or bad intuitively. She really helped her husband by hiding behind the curtain and eavesdropping. Su Shi also admitted that he was a good wife in the epitaph of his late wife Wang Shi. But I dare to assert that Su Shi will not listen to Hakka in any case. What's the point of being a wife eavesdropping on the conversation between her husband and friends? What's the fun of being a husband's friend? Wang Fu is willing to push Su Shi to maturity, but Su Shi has begun to show the unique style of a great poet and writer. This couple, who are always misplaced, have been quarreling. In May this year, 27-year-old Wang Fu died, leaving a 6-year-old son. Sudden family breakdown made Su Shi very sad, but if Wang Fu hadn't left and Wang Runzhi hadn't come, Su Shi wouldn't have met the beautiful Spring Garden, and Wang Chaoyun, whose eyes were as bright as the morning light, wouldn't have the whimsy on the boat in the West Lake, and wouldn't have enjoyed a troubled future and spread his beautiful wings. The whole cultural history is looking forward to Su Shi's flying. The death of Wang Fu should be the fulfillment of history.
7. What are the meanings of classical Chinese? This is the information I found on the Internet. There are eight kinds in all, which should be considered comprehensive. They are arranged in the order of pronunciation, part of speech, explanation and example sentences. Brilliant words are often used as mood auxiliary words. It is suggested that you read more stories in classical Chinese, and you will have a good sense of natural language. It's easy to understand when it comes to this.
poplar
It is equivalent to "zhi" and can be translated into "it" and "he". The snake catcher said, "He who watches the wind as soon as he gets it ~"
(2) expressing doubt is equivalent to "he", which can be translated as "how" and "where". "One Mountain in Gong Yu": "With your strength, you must not damage your father's mountain, such as Taihang and Wu Wang! Collect earth and stone? "
(3) A double word, equivalent to "then" and "inside". "Encourage Learning": "Accumulated soil makes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous ~"
(4) It is often used as a rhetorical question, which is equivalent to "how". "Ten Rules": "It's terrible to be born late. Who will come unless you know today?"
⑤ Used at the end of a sentence to express a declarative mood, which is equivalent to "le" and "ne", often without translation. Mao Sui recommended himself: "Chair Zhao is ashamed of this, and Wang Fu knows evil ~"
⑥ Used at the end of a sentence to express a question or rhetorical question, which can be translated as "ni". Qi Huan Jinwen Shi Zhi: "If the king hides his innocence and dies, what choice do cattle and sheep have?"
⑦ Used in sentences, indicating that the tone is slow and pause. Looking at the ocean and sighing: "So ~ He Bo is happy and complacent." Preface: "There may be records but the text is unknown."
⑧ Affix, used after adjectives, is equivalent to "the appearance of ..."; Before the verb, it can be translated into "the meaning of ..."