First, the basic requirements of calligraphy are:
One is to use a soft brush; The second is to write Chinese characters with rich images. With the help of the form of Chinese characters, it is not limited by the content of words, and its purpose is to express emotions and cultivate the spirit, which has strong national character and artistic appeal.
Second, the three elements of calligraphy:
The first is brushwork, which requires skillful brush and scientific fingering, wrist, body, brushwork and ink. The second is the gesture, which requires the relationship between points, words and lines to be properly organized. The third is brushwork, which requires the writer's interest, tolerance and personality to be expressed in writing.
Third, writing essentials and skills:
(A), official script techniques
Lishu is a kind of calligraphy with flat, wide and horizontal development, which began to exist as early as the Warring States period. It is related to bamboo slips used for writing in ancient times. In order to preserve the long and narrow writing surface of bamboo slips and the convenience of carrying pens, the vertical trend of seal script was changed to the horizontal trend, and the tendency of picking and pressing was increased, forming an eight-point opposition trend. Before the Han Dynasty, this kind of calligraphy, as an auxiliary book of seal script, was mostly used in the market, frontier defense and official script, so it was called official script, eight points and auxiliary book.
The main points of stippling in official script are: "horizontal and vertical waves, left and right waves;" There are no two sets of silkworms, and geese don't fly together. "The main stroke writing technique is:
1. Flat drawing: The flat drawing of official script is slightly different from the horizontal drawing of seal script. In addition to hiding the head and protecting the tail, there is also the pen of "silkworm head and goose tail" (also called horizontal pressure). Its writing essentials are:
(1) The back of the pen droops to form a silkworm head.
② Follow the trend to the right.
(3) Spread and fluctuate as much as possible, improve the air for recycling, and form a "goose tail" trend.
2, direct painting: direct painting and seal script writing are basically the same. However, seal script is full of potential, and official script is used by Fiona Fang.
3, pick a painting: it is to fold the pen. There are two ways to pick, mainly at the pen receiving place, one is the front and the other is the back. The pick with a shorter front end is a vertical hook. These two methods are:
① in front.
First, twist the pen from front to back.
Second, follow the trend.
Third, as far as possible to the left, push the pen.
Fourth, lift the front in the middle, lift the front in reverse twist, and lift the pen in the air.
② Before and after.
The first, second and third steps of this picking method are the same as the previous picking method. The fourth step is to lift the pen and withdraw it to the front.
4. Painting: Wave painting and flat painting are written in the same way. The main methods are:
(1) The back of the pen droops to form the reverse twist of the silkworm head.
2 follow the trend.
(3) Spread it as far as possible, shake it vigorously, and empty it for recycling.
Official script should be compact, different from seal script, which is a book and should be circulated evenly. Han Li is not as long as Han Li after Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the style of the times is not as strong as that of Han Li. There are two kinds of ink and inscriptions on bamboo slips in Han Li with different styles, such as Cao Quanbei, Zhang Qianbei and Shi Chenbei.
(B), regular script techniques
Regular script, also known as official script or original script, evolved from official script. According to records, the earliest official calligrapher was Wang Cizhong of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and now the earliest official calligrapher we see is Wei Chu's Zhong You declaration form and recommended season table at the end of the Han Dynasty. The official books of Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties are simple and suitable, which is called Weibei. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the decoration gradually matured, so it was also called Tang Kai.
The writing of official script is more complicated than official script. It was Tang that said "the Eight Laws originated from the official script". The official script here refers to the revision of the official script, which means that the Eight Laws and the official script were born at the same time. The so-called eight methods are eight ways to write stippling, namely, point, horizontal, left, right, vertical, hook, pick and fold.
(C), running script technology
Running script began at the end of Han Dynasty, and it is a way of writing official script. From Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, we can realize that the so-called popular rain scattering and flower decoration are not urgent or slow, and the most convenient calligraphy style is running script. It is more popular than books, and Lian Bi is more; Compared with cursive script, it is a kind of calligraphy between righteousness and cursive script, so it is called "running script".
The writing of the running script is basically the same as the original. Because it is written faster than the original, the line between the point and the picture is often exposed on the paper. The place where the pen is collected and the place where it started are often connected, which is still very popular. The running script near the right is called "running script" and the one near the grass is called "running script".
(4), cursive techniques
Cursive script can be divided into Cao Zhang, Jin Cao, Cao Xing and Dacao. Cao Zhang evolved from official script, which is the cursive script of official script, so it is also called "Sanlishu", which is the earliest cursive script. The brushwork of this grass is the same as that of a straight line, except that the brushwork of picking is omitted, which increases the preference for things and simplifies it by deleting complexity and continuity. Cursive script is closer to the walker. Big grass, also known as wild grass, is more wild than ordinary cursive script. Although cursive script is extremely scribbled and rigorous, it has a certain writing style. As the saying goes, "cursive script is out of line, and the gods don't know" is exactly what it means. Therefore, we must be familiar with the method of mowing grass, and we can't do whatever we want.