Introduction to wentong
Wen Tong/Wen (10 18 ~ 1079), a word, is called Mr. ShiShi and a smiling layman. A native of Yongtai County (no
Introduction to wentong
Wen Tong/Wen (10 18 ~ 1079), a word, is called Mr. ShiShi and a smiling layman. A native of Yongtai County (now Yanting County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province), Zizhou County, Northern Song Dynasty. Famous painters and poets.
In the first year of your tour (1049), he was a scholar, moved to Dr. Taichang, studied in Jixian County, and served as an official in Qiongzhou, Dayi, Lingzhou and Yangzhou (now Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). In the early years of Yuanfeng, Wen Tong took office in Huzhou (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang), and was known as Wen Huzhou.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Wen Tong died in Zhou Chen (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province) at the age of 6 1.
Wentong's achievements
First, painting
Wentong is famous for being good at drawing bamboo. He pays attention to experience and advocates planning before writing. He painted bamboo leaves, creating a method with thick ink as the surface and light ink as the back. Scholars made special effects to form mohists, known as "Mohist Bamboo Sect" and "Wenhuzhou Bamboo Sect". The idiom "have answers" originated from his idea of painting bamboo.
Wen Tong has an in-depth and meticulous observation of bamboo, so his painting method is rigorous. At the same time, as a civil servant, his works are also different from professional painters. "Painting Knowledge" said that his ink bamboo was "a show of natural and unrestrained posture, and it was a show of force and pressure." Xuanhe's painting spectrum further pointed out that his works "hold things for entertainment, and then see the battle of ink and wash".
I saw the characteristics of Wen Tong's ink and bamboo paintings. It can be said that the appearance of works like Wen Tong is one of the signs of the rise of literati painting. Wen Tong's ink bamboo works had an important influence on Su Shi, Wang Tingjun and his son in Jin Dynasty and Li Kan in Yuan Dynasty, and ink bamboo gradually became an important theme of China literati painting.
Wen Tong advocates that painting bamboo should first be "well-thought-out". Write bamboo leaves, create deep ink for the surface, light ink for the back. There are many bamboo forests in Yangzhou, and painting bamboo is beneficial. He sang with his cousin Su Shi's poems and established the theme of the Four Gentlemen. Its bamboo paintings, "deep ink for the surface, light ink for the back." Later, bamboo painters learned from it, and the world called it "Huzhou Bamboo School".
In the Yuan Dynasty, painting ink bamboo became a fashion, such as Li Li, Zhao Mengfu and other famous artists, all of whom were descendants of Huzhou School and had a great influence on later generations. I also like to be an old tree and write about landscapes.
There is a so-called invisible monument in the stone wall of Heilongtan in Renshou County, Sichuan Province. The surface of the gray stone is smooth and seamless, but after splashing water, a bamboo stick is exposed, which the locals say is a literary work. Su Shi: The Collection of Su Dongpo, Volume 32, Wen Can Draw Bamboo: "To draw bamboo, you must first know who you want to draw."
The article Huzhou Bamboo School, signed by Zhenwu, lists 25 ink bamboo painters after Wentong. Painting school was formed among Wentong's relatives and friends, such as Wentong's wife, nephew, children, grandson and cousin Su Shi. Huzhou Bamboo School has been influenced for more than 800 years since Song Dynasty, among which the most famous beneficiaries are Gao, Zhao Mengfu, Li Li, Ke and Zhenwu in Yuan Dynasty, Wang Bi in Ming Dynasty and Zheng Xie in Qing Dynasty.
Wen Tong's handed down works are few. Today, the ink painting of the National Palace Museum in Taipei is its original work. It draws a bamboo upside down, with vivid image and rigorous brushwork. The Guangdong Provincial Museum has a map of Zhu Mo, and this is a copy of this volume. The painting axis of the ink bamboo is unknown, but it has the same text and two seals: a quiet studio. And ke. Painting bamboo hanging on the edge of the cliff, the trunk is bent and slightly inclined to the end, which implies a strong business experience in the process of bending and crouching.
The branches and leaves are dense and staggered, each with its own posture. The ink colors of the painted leaves are interdependent, just like Mifei's paper painted a bamboo cloud: "Start from scratch with deep ink as the surface and light ink as the back."
Ink bamboo is still a new painting art in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is still related to the fashionable and realistic times at that time. Therefore, there is no "intermediary" or "claw" leaf skimming, and there is no calligraphy Lian Bi between bamboo joints. The whole painting method is between "painting" and "writing", which is different from the bamboo painting of scholars in Yuan Dynasty and later.
Second, poetry.
Wen Tong spoke highly of Mei's poetry creation. His "Woven Women's Complaints" describes the hardships of woven women, but it is made difficult by officials, which is the same as Mei's poems reflecting the sufferings of the people.
His landscape poems are more distinctive. For example, "the gulls fall in the clouds, and the sun shines high on Lin Fei" ("Early Clear to Baoenshan Temple"); "Cattle scattered around the stream, chickens flying all over the field" ("Late Return to the Village") and other sentences; The image is vivid, just like a painting, which fully shows the characteristics of the painter and poet who is good at framing and painting.
In his poems, he often compares the natural scenery to the famous paintings of his predecessors, such as "People sit alone in the water porch, and the forest is full of birds" ("Seeing Confucianism on the Late Snowy Lake") and "The mountains are like Li Cheng, and the valleys are like Fan Kuanneng" ("Dragon Horse"), which adds new techniques to the description of scenery in ancient poems, which is the same as the painters at that time were willing to find paintings in the poems of their predecessors.
He wrote 40 volumes of Dan Yuan Ji, 2 volumes of addenda, edited by his great-grandson, with 1 volume chronology and 2 volumes of appendices. There are four series of printed versions.
What is the relationship between Wen Tong and Su Shi?
Another all-rounder in the Northern Song Dynasty was Su Dongpo. He is as famous as Wen Tong. Coincidentally, they are not only in-laws, but also brothers and sisters, and they are all "bamboo idiots". "Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo", Su Dongpo is not only his own situation, but also an evaluation of his in-laws. It is said that Su Dongpo's painting of bamboo traced back to the source, and was also "infected" by Wen Tong, and was also taught by Wen Tong with techniques.
When Wentong was a satrap in Yangzhou (now Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province), others thought it was a backcountry, but Wentong lived very comfortably here because there were bamboo forests all over the mountains. One day, Wen Tong and his wife went to see bamboo, and only bamboo shoots were served for dinner. While eating, I received a letter from Dongpo. In addition to being caring and attentive as always, Dongpo also attached a poem: Han Daozhu is like Peng Jian, and the axe is absolutely Rao Long. The material is poor and greedy, and Weichuan has a thousand acres in his chest.
After reading the poem, Wen Tong couldn't help laughing and spraying the rice all over the table. With such in-laws, the "poor satrap" feels the nourishment of life. He often admits that there is no confidant in the world, only the son hopes (Dongpo's ci) to know my beauty.
Dongpo also publicly said: peace can be close, not a day, it is thought-provoking. In the first year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (AD 1078), Wen Tong gave Dongpo a picture book of Zhu Mo. In the first month of the following year, Wen Tong, 6 1 year-old, was appointed as the satrap of Huzhou (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang), and died unfortunately in the post office (now Huaiyang, Henan) on the 21st. Dongpo learned the bad news and rubbed his hands in an album and cried.
After reading the above introduction, do you know more about Wentong's achievements? For more famous historical figures in China, please pay attention to China's history column and historical figures.