At that time, many people laughed at him, but he didn't agree. He still goes his own way and writes according to his old habits.
One day after dinner, Prime Minister Zhang took a short break and suddenly came to poetry. When he got a good sentence, he immediately asked the children to grind ink and spread paper. Prime Minister Zhang raised his pen, and the books were flying, and the dragons and snakes were densely covered on the paper, which was really difficult to identify. After Premier Zhang finished writing, he shook his head and was proud for a long time. He seemed to want more, so he asked his nephew to come and transcribe these poems.
However, the nephew of Prime Minister Zhang took a pen and paper and prepared to record the poem in small font. But it took him a long time to recognize a word, and some places really didn't understand it, and he didn't know where to break it. He had to stop writing and ask Prime Minister Zhang with the manuscript.
However, at this time, Prime Minister Zhang took his masterpiece and read it carefully for a long time, but he couldn't recognize it. How can I not know my handwriting? He was embarrassed and scolded his nephew. "Why didn't you ask earlier? I also forgot what I wrote! "
Zhang Shangying's IQ should not be low, otherwise he can't be prime minister. But why did he have such a low-level sophistry reaction that others laughed at him?
Most people will attribute the reason to "a small official with a big mouth" and think that Zhang Shangying is bullying others. But in fact, from a psychological point of view, he just appeared a phenomenon called self-service deviation, which exists in everyone more or less.
The so-called self-service deviation means that people tend to overemphasize their contribution to success and minimize their responsibility for problems.
In life, the deviation of self-service is first manifested in attributing success to one's own efforts and denying that one is responsible for failure, so that one cannot objectively evaluate one's gains and losses.
Psychologist Weiner believes that the deviation of self-service is determined by the relatively stable attribution tendency formed by individuals in the long-term process. Attribution tendency generally includes three aspects:
First, internal and external causes. When individuals attribute, they first pay attention to internal and external causes. Internal attribution refers to the attribution of behavior reasons to individual internal factors, such as personality, quality, motivation, attitude, mood, mood, effort and so on. External attribution refers to the attribution of behavior reasons to external conditions, including background, opportunity, influence of others, difficulty of work tasks, etc.
From the internal and external factors, if success is attributed to internal factors, it will generate pride and improve motivation; There will be luck due to external factors. If you attribute your failure to internal factors, you will feel ashamed: to external factors. You are angry.
Second, stability and variability. Both internal and external causes of behavior have stable and unstable factors. For example, people's emotions are changeable and unstable, while personality characteristics are not easy to change and stabilize. Ability is also a relatively stable factor for a period of time. Among the external conditions, the nature of work and the difficulty of tasks are relatively stable, while climate and opportunities are unstable factors.
In this regard, if success is attributed to stability factors, it will generate pride and improve motivation; Due to unstable factors, there will be luck. Attributing failure to stable factors will lead to despair; Attributing failure to unstable factors will lead to anger.
Third, controllability. Whether an individual can control his own behavior is called controllability. Individuals can change their behavior and its results through efforts, which shows that it is controllable. For example, the difficulty of work and intelligence are uncontrollable factors.
If you attribute success to controllable factors, you will actively strive for success; If you attribute it to uncontrollable factors, you won't have much motivation. If you attribute failure to controllable factors, you will continue to work hard; if you attribute failure to uncontrollable factors, you will despair. Attributing the failure to the inner, stable and uncontrollable is the biggest problem, which will produce a sense of learned helplessness.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that for people who are used to being attributed to inner stability and controllability, the results of most things in their personal lives depend on their efforts in doing these things, so they believe that they can control the development and results of things. Such people have higher achievement motivation, more self-responsibility and self-confidence in their study and work, they can constantly set higher goals for themselves, like challenges in the face of difficulties, and persist in the face of setbacks. They often attribute their success to their own ability and hard work, so they show greater enthusiasm for study and work. Achievements and progress have been made.
On the contrary, some people who are used to external, changeable and uncontrollable factors think that most things in life are the result of various external forces that individuals can't control. They believe that social arrangements, fate and opportunities determine their own situation, and personal efforts are of no help. They not only lack confidence and anxiety in themselves, but also lack interest in achievement activities. Even if the activity is successful, they tend to make external attribution and unstable attribution. In the face of failures and setbacks, we often blame external factors, rather than looking for solutions, but try to seek assistance or take chances like gambling.
Secondly, the deviation of self-service will be manifested in highlighting one's own role in communication and denying the role of others. Basically, almost all people in the world overestimate their knowledge and ability. This kind of blind self-confidence is rarely recognized, but it does exist among us, and it can also make people make wrong judgments about the outside world.
Self-help deviation is the most full and typical performance in some cooperative work. For example, in life, both husband and wife think they do more housework. It is found that each spouse always thinks that his responsibility is greater than 1/2 in some activities, including who will take the initiative to chat with the other person when he is alone to eliminate loneliness, resolve conflicts and be sensitive to the other person's needs.
When we watch a program, we are afraid of missing the programs of other channels at the same time, so we keep changing channels. As a result, we spent all our time on the platform and failed to enjoy any programs as before.
A climber named Monkov Kidd crossed the 6,500-meter death line many times without an oxygen bottle, and finally climbed the second highest mountain in the world, the Jogory Peak. His feat was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. It is really a severe challenge to climb the summit of more than 6000 meters without oxygen bottles. How did Kidd succeed?
Kidd's answer is: "I think the biggest obstacle to anaerobic mountaineering is unnecessary thinking, because at the top of the mountain, any small distraction will make you feel that you need more oxygen." As an anaerobic mountaineer, if you want to climb to the top, you must learn to get rid of distractions. The less distractions you have in your mind, the less oxygen you need. Therefore, in the case of extremely thin air, in order to climb to the top and get more oxygen for the limbs, we must learn to eliminate all unnecessary desires and distractions. "
The more desires you need, the more things you need. You don't have to go to Mount Nikolai Gogol to experience this experience. And it's pleasant to keep matching things, but the consequences may not be wonderful, because we only care about matching and ignore our original intention. The truth that "a good horse with a good saddle" is easy to understand, but it can't stand scrutiny, because a good saddle is easy to match, and a good rider and a good racetrack are probably difficult to match. That is a kind of pain.
In this regard, perhaps we should know that only when our own life is simple will we become our own masters.