Since then, my curiosity about ancient Chinese has been lingering in my mind. E799BE5BAA6E79FA5E98193E78988E69D83313332613637 Gradually, as I grew older, I gradually got to know this familiar and unfamiliar culture.
Tracing back the history of China's ancient prose and exploring its evolution, I was deeply impressed by its magic and richness. Ancient prose, which shows people the long history of China; Ancient prose, which tells people about the splendid ancient culture of China.
It is profound and simple, it is simple and beautiful, it is full of charm, it is profound, and it makes people applaud. From the ancient prose, I felt the profound thoughts of the ancients.
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius is still widely circulated, which can regulate our words and deeds at all times. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, how can we not learn and appreciate those beautiful articles and stories? The ancient Chinese completely conquered me.
I am full of yearning for the paradise of "yellow hair and pleasure"; I admire the spirit of "leading a clean life without getting dirty, being clean and not doing evil". I was shocked by this patriotic spirit of "petals flow like tears, lonely birds lament" The scene of "Yucheng coming from the snow-capped mountains" came into my eyes, and the picture of "sky and clouds and mountains and water, white up and down" often appeared in my dreams ... Whenever I introduce the incisive sentences of ancient Chinese into my composition and win admiration, I always secretly admire the magical "magic" of ancient Chinese.
Every time I write a letter to a distant friend and add a few words of ancient Chinese, it always looks so full, interesting and unforgettable. Now, when you see me holding the original reflection, don't bother me, I will be intoxicated and linger! What's the fun? I like classical Chinese.
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2. The composition "I learn classical Chinese" babbles. I came into contact with ancient Chinese from the well-known sentence "The foot of the bed is so bright, and it is suspected that the ground is frosty". Since then, my curiosity about ancient Chinese has been lingering in my mind.
Gradually, with the growth of age, I gradually understood this familiar and unfamiliar culture.
Tracing back the history of China's ancient prose and exploring its evolution, I was deeply impressed by its magic and richness. Ancient prose, which shows people the long history of China; Ancient prose, which tells people about the splendid ancient culture of China. It is profound and simple, it is simple and beautiful, it is full of charm, it is profound, and it makes people applaud.
From the ancient prose, I felt the profound thoughts of the ancients. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius is still widely circulated, which can regulate our words and deeds at all times. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, how can we not learn and appreciate those beautiful articles and stories?
The ancient Chinese completely conquered me. I am full of yearning for the paradise of "yellow hair and pleasure"; I admire the spirit of "leading a clean life without getting dirty, being clean and not doing evil". I was shocked by this patriotic spirit of "petals flow like tears, lonely birds lament" The scene of "Yucheng Snow Mountain falling from the sky" came into my eyes, and the picture of "sky and clouds and mountains and water, white up and down" often appeared in my dreams. ...
Whenever I introduce the incisive sentences of ancient Chinese into my composition and win appreciation, I always secretly admire the magical "magic" of ancient Chinese. Every time I write a letter to a distant friend and add a few words of ancient Chinese, it always looks so full, interesting and unforgettable.
Now, when you see me holding the original reflection, don't bother me, I will be intoxicated and linger!
What's the fun? I like classical Chinese.
3. Write a 500-word composition on the topic "I learned to read classical Chinese". Hello, you can change "everything is wrong" in your composition into the classical Chinese you have learned. I really learned to read classical Chinese when I learned the four rules of "everything is wrong".
The teacher asked us to write all the translations of these four articles on a piece of paper. When I received this task, I panicked and didn't know what to do.
I started watching the first one, but I couldn't understand it. "What is this about? How could I not understand? Translate it again. "
I thought it over and over again and translated it again, but I still couldn't understand its meaning. I became more and more impatient and started looking around.
Nobody seems to write. I'm just slow. What if they're all finished and I'm halfway through? Just about to start writing, I suddenly found that the classmate on the left had already written half. Suddenly, my brain went blank. No, I have to write.
I'm in a hurry, and my pen keeps writing, so I can't appreciate my own words or watch the speed of others. Writing, it seems to understand the meaning of the first half of the sentence. It turned out to be learning to drive a carriage. What was the result of the game? Sure enough, the apprentice still lost.
I found that the more I translated, the more I understood, and the easier the article became. Now I understand everything I didn't know before. Suddenly, I stopped writing.
I don't know what the word "Fan" means. What shall we do? Suddenly, I remembered that I had brought a dictionary.
I started looking for Fan. There are so many explanations.
"Generally speaking, riding a horse is the most important thing …", which is not very smooth. "Riding a horse is the most important thing ..." No way.
Although it makes sense, it always feels bad. This doesn't work, that doesn't work ... "probably", this should be right, because he is not sure, and there are some modest elements.
I marked the book and started writing again. After writing this translation, I suddenly realized that the original point of view was to tell a truth: if you always want to surpass others in horse racing and others surpass you, what is your ranking? No matter how good your skills are, you can't coordinate with the horse, and you will naturally lose.
The next few, me too. These ten words "I can understand while writing, but I can't find a dictionary" are summed up by myself, at least they are suitable for me.
The first step in reading classical Chinese is to translate it into vernacular Chinese carefully. At first glance, it's simple! But when you turn it up, it becomes extremely difficult. At this time, it is necessary to use ancient Chinese dictionaries and materials for translation, but we should still pay attention to some prepositions and pronouns. Pronouns must be clearly referred to, and sometimes nouns should also be paid attention to, because they often change from nouns to verbs, so everyone must use them flexibly.
4. How to learn 600 words of classical Chinese composition? 1. Several problems that should be paid attention to when learning the notional words in classical Chinese.
Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. In classical Chinese, the number of notional words far exceeds that of function words. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge about classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.
When learning content words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1. Pay attention to distinguish the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings. From the right generation to today, the meaning of Chinese is constantly evolving. The meanings of some basic words and general words are few, and the meanings of ancient and modern words have not changed. Such words will not cause us any difficulties in learning classical Chinese.
Other words, though commonly used in classical Chinese, disappeared with the disappearance of old things and old ideas, and the meanings of ancient and modern words changed. This change is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1) and the expansion of word meaning. The expansion of word meaning refers to the expansion of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from part to whole, from individual to general, from narrow sense to broad sense, so that the original meaning becomes a part of the extension of new meaning.
For example, "autumn" refers to extending from one season to the whole year; "Sleep" refers to the extension from sitting and dozing to sleeping. (2) The narrowing of meaning.
The narrowing of word meaning refers to the narrowing of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from the whole to the part, from the broad sense to the narrow sense, so that the new meaning becomes a part of the extension of the original meaning. For example, "husband" generally refers to men in ancient times, such as "does husband also love his youngest son?" Now, "husband" refers to a woman's spouse.
"Smell" refers to all smells, especially malodorous gases. "Soup" generally refers to hot water and boiled water, especially vegetable soup and broth.
(3), the transfer of meaning. The transfer of word meaning refers to the change of word meaning from nail to object B.
For example, "scholar" in ancient times refers to "scholar", for example, "so a scholar can't be cautious without thinking deeply" (You Shan Wang), and now refers to people who have certain academic achievements. "Miss", in ancient times, refers to unmarried women or unmarried women in powerful families. Now, under the background of reform and opening up, its meaning has basically changed, referring to the woman who has improper behavior.
If you call a beautiful young lady, the lady will stare at you angrily to show that she is not a lady. (4) The color of the word meaning has changed.
For example, "slander" in ancient times refers to publicly accusing others of their faults, which is a neutral word. For example, "those who can slander the city and listen to me will be rewarded."
Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. Now using "slander" is slander, which means to speak ill of others out of thin air. It is a derogatory term. The above four situations are the main types of semantic changes in ancient and modern times.
The existence of a large number of words with both ancient and modern meanings is the main obstacle to the study of classical Chinese. When we study classical Chinese, we must combine the study of classical Chinese works to master the common meaning of a group of commonly used words purposefully, planned and required.
2. Pay attention to the distinction between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in ancient and modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, disyllabic words account for the vast majority, while in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words are dominant. Therefore, when reading classical Chinese, don't mistake disyllabic words in classical Chinese for disyllabic words in modern Chinese.
For example, the ancient meaning of "extraordinary" in "Extraordinary View" (You Bao Chan Shan) is two words: different. It means adverb of degree.
In addition, don't explain the disyllabic words in classical Chinese alone. For example, the word "worry-free" in Sunset Killing a Hundred Careless People (Feng Wanzhen) is a couplet meaning "probably" and "roughly", which has nothing to do with "nothing" and "worry" and cannot be separated.
3. Pay attention to the polysemy in ancient Chinese. Like modern Chinese, classical Chinese has ambiguity.
If we only know one or two meanings of a polysemous word, it is easy to interpret one or two meanings when reading classical Chinese, and we may make mistakes in understanding. In order to avoid mistakes, we should consciously accumulate and sort out knowledge.
In our textbooks, there is this convenient exercise at the back of every classical Chinese to help us accumulate and organize our works. It must be done seriously and cannot be ignored. With the accumulation of meaning, we can choose the meaning more accurately when we encounter polysemous words.
In addition, we also need to know the original meaning and extended meaning of words. Every word has its original meaning, which is the original meaning.
Later, with the development and change of society, the new meaning is its extended meaning. For example, "wife" means to catch a woman by hand in ancient times, but it is a man's spouse in modern times.
"Sun" means that my son's son has been passed down from generation to generation, but now it means his son. 4. Pay attention to the phenomenon of interchangeable words.
It is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese that ancient Chinese characters are falsified. In ancient times, due to the phonetic similarity, some words were often used together with other words, and the phenomenon that these words replaced each other in use was called "Tong Jia" words.
"Tong" is universal; "Fake" is a loan. Identifying interchangeable words is not an easy task. The earlier the classical Chinese is, the harder it is to read the interchangeable words.
For beginners, the way to master interchangeable words is to read more classical Chinese, look up dictionaries and accumulate knowledge. Second, several problems that should be paid attention to when studying function words in classical Chinese.
Function words in classical Chinese include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and pronouns. The lexical meaning of function words is abstract, but it has many grammatical functions such as expressing mood and organizing content words.
Function words in classical Chinese, especially commonly used function words, appear frequently in classical Chinese and have flexible usage. When reading classical Chinese, we should be good at distinguishing the meaning and function of function words in order to fully understand the meaning of the article.
If function words are misunderstood, it will affect the understanding of the whole sentence and even the whole article. In learning, we should pay attention to the following convenient questions.
1, distinguish between real words and function words. Function words in classical Chinese are mostly grammaticalized from real words.
For example, the basic meaning of "suo" is "place", and later it is extended to "place" or "person" as a structural auxiliary word. For another example, the basic meaning of "zhi" is "Xiang", which was later blurred into pronouns, auxiliary words and modal particles. , has become the most used.
5. Learning classical Chinese composition for the first time. Today we learned classical Chinese, and I am very excited.
In the first class in the morning, the teacher came into the classroom and said to us, "Today, we are going to learn a different article-classical Chinese. You certainly don't know what classical Chinese is.
Let me first talk about the origin of classical Chinese: during the Warring States period, people had not invented paper, so they could only write with bamboo slips and silks. Because silk is too expensive and bamboo slips are too heavy, people delete some redundant words and write the rest on bamboo slips or silk, which is classical Chinese. Classical Chinese was used by the ancients to record stories and things. It's short, pithy and wonderful.
People also call it: ancient prose. However, classical Chinese is quite difficult to learn. Contrary to the vernacular. "
At this time, I opened the book and looked at the classical Chinese. Although there were only dozens of words, it was difficult to understand. The teacher added, "As long as you do the trilogy well, you can learn classical Chinese well. The first step: love classical Chinese; The second step: read classical Chinese well; The third step: read classical Chinese. "
We nodded. The teacher also told us: "The meaning of words in classical Chinese is not the same as it is now. You should read it clearly and understand it."
At this moment, I thought: classical Chinese is really mysterious, and dozens of words can express a complete thing. It seems that I must learn it well. Unconsciously * * * rings.
After coming home from school at noon, I told my father about the classical Chinese I had learned. Hearing this, Dad said, "We must learn classical Chinese well, which is the essence of China culture. Poetry and couplets are all part of classical Chinese, so classical Chinese is very important.
I nodded my head. Then my father told me a couplet: Lian Old Master Q; Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of pupils.
6. I want to learn classical Chinese in this way and write a 300-word composition, "I am a child, but I am a cow." As for the weak crown, I don't know. " Dolphins are eclipsed, established and unknown. "20 13 Jiangsu college entrance examination wrote a composition entitled" Green Life ",which was completed by a candidate in this way. When reading this article, the marking teacher regarded it as a "doubtful paper" and submitted it to the expert group. After reading the whole article, Wu Xinjiang, the leader of the marking group of basic Chinese knowledge in Nanjing and an expert in classical philology, only wrote four pages of notes on the article. The local media were eager to find this "wizard of ancient Chinese", and one day in June, the student finally appeared.
"Not only do ordinary marking teachers don't know or understand, but even I, a teacher who teaches classical literature, don't fully understand. Some of them have been seen but never used, and there are forty or fifty ancient characters I don't know at all. After I went back, I checked the information and made comments. I wrote four pages of notes! " Wu Xinjiang, a marking teacher and an expert in ancient Chinese prose, felt ashamed when evaluating the student. He said that in fact, he can use classical Chinese and write ancient Chinese, which is nothing. After all, this is a college entrance examination composition, and the first priority is to get to the point. This article skillfully uses the "just right" ancient prose and closely follows the theme of "green life". "It is appropriate to make the past serve the present." In addition, He Yongkang, head of the composition marking group of Jiangsu college entrance examination this year, also spoke highly of this candidate. He said, "With his current cultural literacy, he can be admitted without exception!"
One day in June, the student made his first appearance. He is a student of Class 3 (12) in rugao middle school, Jiangsu Province. His name is Wang Yunfei. He lives in Wen Zhuang Village, Xiayuan Town, Rugao City, and his parents are farmers. Besides, he is also a science student. Judging from his college entrance examination results, his total score has exceeded a fractional line. Wang Yunfei said that he was interested in classical Chinese. He bought Records of the Historian and History of History from himself, and once tore up the History of Mutual Learning. Before that, he tried to write martial arts novels and short stories in classical Chinese in many exams.
"The night before the college entrance examination, I told my mother that I was going to risk writing classical Chinese." Wang Yunfei said, "I think it's well written, but I'm not sure. I don't know what the marking teacher thinks. "
A marking teacher said: "This candidate is quite accomplished in this respect. He can not only use ancient Chinese characters, but also use them properly. He can use the ancient Chinese characters in the examination room in a short time, which shows that he is proficient in psychology. In addition, this composition is also very thoughtful. From the perspective of historical development, he explained that the environment was now destroyed and he dreamed of returning to the farming era. It's pretty good. Experts unanimously agreed to give him a high score. " This is another high-scoring composition in classical Chinese following the death of Red Rabbit in 200 1 Jiangsu College Entrance Examination. An expert said, "Although the death of Red Rabbit was written in classical Chinese, it was' Three Kingdoms Style' after all, and this candidate was pure classical Chinese, and his cultivation was really deep. It is no problem to read the Master of Ancient Literature directly. On the internet, this article has been sought after by many media and netizens. Some netizens laughed and called the author a "passer-by".
7. Reading Classical Chinese (Composition) I have been trying to read classical Chinese since the fifth grade. Like the original paragraphs in Peach Blossom Spring, Yueyang Tower and Wen Xin Diao Long, I can memorize some paragraphs in Tao Te Ching, but I can't put down some ancient poems and songs after reading them. Reading ancient Chinese is like writing calligraphy. You can get carried away by reading and writing. It is a cultural treasure that embodies countless wisdom of ancient sages in China. Reading ancient Chinese poetry has benefited me a lot. For example, Li Bai, a poet, wrote, "Five flowers, a thousand gold and a thousand furs, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine." His poems are bold and unrestrained. Du Fu's "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring" makes people unable to hide their thoughts after reading it. Alas, a letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold. Just as Confucius said, "It's a pleasure to learn from the times." There must be a teacher to learn from me, choose the good and follow it, and change it if it is not good. "These words let me appreciate life, feel life, improve my personality, and also let me learn how to be an upright person and fully enjoy the fullness and happiness of life. The Chinese nation has a history of 5,000 years, and how many good articles have been left. The story of Yueyang Tower is an article that many people have memorized since childhood, and it is still catchy when they grow up. When the spring is bright and the flowers are overflowing, people will become happy and excited and indulge in the scenery. It's wonderful! With the help of the ancient theory of benevolence, the author warns people to have the feeling of worrying about the world first, never forget the country and always be patriotic. Every time I recite it, I feel intoxicated and intoxicated. Another gain from reading ancient Chinese is that I often look up dictionaries and count strokes. I really realize that dictionaries are the best teachers. Only by reading ancient prose, reciting poems and looking up dictionaries can I learn more words and realize that many words are meaningful. There are many words with other meanings. I know that the dictionary covers the rich knowledge of astronomy, geography and history of the Chinese nation. Looking up the dictionary has benefited me for life. By studying ancient Chinese, I gradually understood some methods. As the saying goes, "Reading a book a hundred times speaks for itself". Reading more books, especially reciting them repeatedly, is a magic weapon to learn classical Chinese. Learning ancient Chinese should be rhythmic, fast and slow. You should have a sense of rhythm, tone, stiff eyes, feelings, momentum and the meaning contained in the text, which can not be understood at once, but gradually realized, understood and perceived through repeated reading. So I summed it up, learning ancient prose should master the basic knowledge structure, understand the correct meaning of ancient prose, read more and be familiar with it. Reading ancient prose, poetry and music is like walking on a shady path. Once upon a time, I let my thoughts fly to the junction of water and sky in the south of the Yangtze River, listening to the fishing boat singing late and wondering whether the midnight bell is welcoming the passenger ship; Once upon a time, I also thought, read more books, learn some real skills, go out and laugh, and sing whether our generation is wormwood. Learning ancient Chinese poetry is the best spiritual enjoyment for me, just like drinking tea, the more you drink, the more fragrant it becomes. Let's write a few ink and wash songs together and enjoy a poem. Ancient prose is really beautiful.