Xuan paper. It is also called Four Treasures of the Study with tiger skin, Huizhou ink and Guangdong inkstone. Xuan paper is famous for its flexible texture, white and smooth, delicate and uniform, and lasting color. It is a unique brush paper for painting and calligraphy in China. More than 65,438+0,000 years ago, Xuanzhou Prefecture (now Anhui Province) used the best paper produced locally to pay tribute to the imperial court, hence the name Xuanzhi. After the death of Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his disciple Kong Dan used to make paper in Xuanzhou. He found in the mountain stream that the bark of the dead sandalwood tree that fell in the stream was white and rotten after washing, and the paper made of it was white and delicate. The word Xuan paper was first recorded in the first year of Emperor Taizong (847). In Notes on Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties written by Zhang Yanyuan (about 815-875), it is said that "a good man should put hundreds of Xuan paper and wax it to copy". It shows that Xuan paper has been widely used in the Tang Dynasty at the latest. According to the genealogy of Cao Shi in Xiaoling County of Jingxian County, Xuan paper papermaking spread to surnamed tang and Mei in the Tang Dynasty, and from Nanling to Xiaoling County of Jingxian County by Cao Shi at the end of the Song Dynasty, and it has continued to this day. Xuan Paper won the gold medal of 1886 Panama International Fair. 19 1 1 year, Xiaoling's "Cao Hongji" Xuan paper won the first-class literature prize of Nanyang International Persuasion Association. 19 15 Xiaoling's "Peach Blossom" rice paper was selected and sent to Panama International Expo, winning the gold medal. The origin of Xuan paper is concentrated in Jingxian County, Anhui Province, with abundant special fiber raw materials and excellent water quality. The processing technology of Xuan paper is as follows: bast fiber and gramineous straw fiber are made by soaking in water, lime fermentation, mild cooking, solar bleaching, stone mill beating, bamboo curtain paper fishing, pressing and baking. 18 main process, 100 multi-channel operation, it takes 300 days to make it. Its processing characteristics are: gradually eliminating non-cellulose impurities in raw materials in a mild way, while retaining the original structural form of fiber macromolecules. The paper quality of Xuan paper is delicate, smooth, soft, white and light. Fine is conducive to moistening ink and can present the level of pen and ink; Fluent and easy to write, can write very freely; Soft and tough is conducive to the brushing and uncovering of brush and ink, and is resistant to rubbing and dragging; Whiteness is beneficial to show the brilliance of ink color and can last for a long time; Easy to process, fold and resist friction. Xuan paper is not perishable, and is convenient for long-term storage. China's ancient literature, calligraphy and painting were mostly Xuan paper, so it was called "Millennium Life Paper" in history. There are more than 60 varieties of rice paper according to its raw materials, size, thickness and processing. According to the composition of raw materials, it is divided into special cleaning propaganda, leather cleaning propaganda and cotton propaganda; According to the size specifications, it is divided into four-foot Xuan, five-foot Xuan, six-foot Xuan, eight-foot Xuan, two-foot Zhang and six-foot Zhang. According to the thickness of paper, it can be divided into single declaration, double declaration, three-layer tribute and four-layer tribute. There are some special Xuan papers circulating in history, such as Xuan paper, Jinbang Xuan paper, white Xuan paper and Xuan paper. Usually, Xuan paper can be divided into two categories. One is winning, that is, the produced base paper can be used directly without special treatment. The ink has good wettability, strong water absorption and durable paper color. Can be used for Chinese painting, calligraphy, mounting, etc. The other is cooked Xuan (processed Xuan), which is made by dipping raw Xuan into alum glue, adding rice paste, dyeing, sprinkling gold and waxing. Mainly white, it absorbs water and moistens ink lightly, and is mostly used for meticulous painting and calligraphy. After long-term storage, spots (alum leakage) will appear on the paper. Xuan paper is not only used for China painting and calligraphy, but also used for woodcut watermark, folding fan, seal cutting along the seal, China letterhead, antique tablet, folk paper-cut and refined paper flower.