Yuelu Academy, located at the foot of Shandong, was founded in the ninth year of Song Kaibao (976). In its heyday, Zhu, Zhang gave lectures with thousands of students and became one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. In the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903), it was changed to an institution of higher learning and later to a normal school. 1925 changed to Hunan University. The existing ancient buildings of the Academy include Imperial Bookstore, Wenchang Building, Banxuezhai, Eleven Wonders Hall, Lianxi Temple, Xiangshui School Classroom and Inferiority Pavilion, which make people remember the glorious history of the Academy.
Yuelu Mountain, with green peaks and overlapping peaks, towering ancient trees, and beautiful scenery. It is a famous scenic spot in Zhong Ling with rich culture.
Yuelu Academy, located at the mouth of Qingfeng Gorge, is a school with a thousand years' history. "Thousands of years of Chu materials originated here", which has nurtured a profound Huxiang culture in vast expanse and trained generations of martyrs and great men.
Yuelu Mountain is also a good classroom for patriotism and revolutionary tradition education, where the martyrs who died in the Revolution of 1911 to overthrow the imperial system and achieve harmony are buried. A man with lofty ideals who died generously for justice; It also buried China soldiers and civilians who fought bloody battles against foreign aggression and died for their country during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period.
The epitaph erected for them always shows and inspires the future generations of the Chinese nation, which constitutes the tragic humanistic landscape of Yuelu Mountain.
Yuelu Mountain Scenic Spot is a national key scenic spot. Located on the bank of Xiangjiang River in Changsha, an ancient city, it consists of hills, rivers, lakes, natural plants and animals, cultural relics, tombs of modern celebrities, revolutionary memorial sites and so on. It is a mountain scenic spot in the city. The scenic spots that have been opened include Lushan Mountain Scenic Area and Orange Island Scenic Area. Among them, Lushan Mountain Scenic Area is the core scenic area, and there are Yuelu Academy, Aiwan Pavilion, Lushan Temple, Yunlu Palace and New Democratic Social Attractions in the scenic area. The planned scenic spots are: tianmashan, Taohualing, Shijialing and Tuchengtou, with a total area of 36 square kilometers. Yuelu Mountain Scenic Area is bordered by Heng Yue in the south, Dongting in the north, the vast vilen in the west, and the surging Xiangjiang River in the east. There are Yuping, Tianma, Phoenix and Orange Island in front, followed by peach blossoms, green moths, golden pots, golden bulls, mica and Guifeng arching from left to right, as quiet as a dragon snake, as moving as a horse galloping four hooves, and overlooking the sky as miniature. It can be described as a heaven made, a wonder on earth and a grand view of Changsha.
Yuelu Mountain Scenic Area has been famous for its beautiful scenery since ancient times. It mainly includes Qingfeng Gorge Scenic Area, Yunlufeng Scenic Area, Wanjingyuan Scenic Area, Heshipo Scenic Area, Confucian Resort, Buddhist Temple Exploration, Yunludao Palace and Juzizhou.
Qingfeng Gorge Scenic Area: The valley from Yuelu Academy to Lushan Temple is called Qingfeng Gorge. "Records of Yuelu Academy" records: "The summer is hot, the breeze comes, and many people rest, hence the name." People of all ages regarded this place as a natural summer resort. Qingfeng Gorge has beautiful natural scenery, dense forests, towering old trees, winding streams and flowing springs. With the change of climate and seasons, the scenery presents an ever-changing posture. There are also many cultural relics in the gorge that attract the attention of the world, including the stupa, a famous Buddhist temple with a long history, the Love Evening Pavilion, one of the four famous pavilions in China, the famous sentences carved in Ernan, and the tombs of modern celebrities such as Liu Daoyi.
history
Yuelu Mountain is located in the western suburbs of Changsha and the west bank of Xiangjiang River, and it is one of the 72 peaks of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Legend of Nanyue mentioned: "Nanyue is 800 Li, geese belong to the head, and Yuelu Mountain is the foot", hence the name Yuelu Mountain. Yuelu Mountain is surrounded by peaks such as Tianma, Phoenix, Green Moth and Jinniu. Dozens of kilometers of peaks, beautiful stone alleys and lush trees lie across the Xiangjiang River like a jade screen. People call it "beautiful jade screen" and have the reputation of "Yuelu Mountain is better than Chuxiang". Therefore, since ancient times, countless literati and dignitaries have visited here, leaving countless historical sites and cultural stories. In the Song Dynasty, with the popularity of lectures in Tanzhou, Yuelu Mountain was more like a circle of friends. Zhang, Zhu and others often live in the mountains, deeply feeling that "time is migration, the horizon is fresh", which makes Yuelu Mountain more cultural.
The famous "Wang Yu Monument" on the left side of Yunlu Peak in Yuelu Mountain is a symbol of ancient culture in Yuelu Mountain, which was carved here in the Song Dynasty. There is a strange ancient seal on this stone tablet, which is divided into 9 lines and 77 words. According to legend, more than 4,000 years ago, there was a big flood in the world, and Dayu managed water for the people and rushed to divert the flood. However, "seven years without listening to music and three times without entering the house" finally subdued the flood and was respected by the people. According to legend, Dayu has been to Nanyue and set up this stone tablet in Gouloufeng. Zhao Hua's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded this legend: "When you climb Hengshan Mountain, you dream of being an emissary, and you will get the key to water control and carve the height of the stone mountain." In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu visited the monument of Gouloufeng. Although he didn't see it with his own eyes, he left a poem "Tadpoles blow fist leaves, Luan floats, and anger flies". 12 12 (five years in Jiading, Song Dynasty), he traveled to Nanyue, copied the inscription of Gouloufeng, and asked someone to engrave it on the top of Yuelu Mountain when passing through Changsha. After the Song Dynasty, the tablet was covered by literati. Pan Yifa, the magistrate of Changsha in the Ming Dynasty, discovered this monument and spread it all over the world. Since then, Yubei has become famous in the world. Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty wrote an explanation of the Wang Yu Monument:
"Into the emperor, wing for qing. The mainland and chessboard are the gates of birds and animals. Participate in the torrent and prosper. I forgot my home when I traveled far, and stayed in Yuelu Garden. Wisdom is broken, but the heart is empty. Seek peace, Hua Yue Taiheng. Zong Shu's works are not enough. Depressed and sleepy. Du Nan Yiheng. Food and clothing are well prepared, countries are better, and dances always run. "
According to scholars' research, this inscription is not only different from Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Zhong Dingwen, but also different from similar prose, which is difficult to identify, while Yang Shen's interpretation is just a statement, which is difficult to draw a conclusion. In addition, there are no physical examples of Xia and Yu dynasties in the inscriptions of past dynasties in China, so this inscription is likely to be made by later generations under the guise. But what Han Yu heard is the truth, so even the stone tablets carved in Tang and Song Dynasties are precious antiquities more than 1000 years ago. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many poems about Huaibei, including Zhu Yiluan's Yujiting, Cui Yingke's Yu Bei, Shi Gongyin's Deng Yuwang Bei and Shen Yi's Yu Bei. Most of them expressed admiration for Dayu's achievements in water control, and lamented that the inscription was difficult to read, such as Shen Yi's poem:
"The average score has been played for thousands of years, and the stone wall still exists. Whether it is the favorite thing of future generations, we must know that the ancient saints show their hearts. The shadow of dragon jiao moves in clouds and smoke, and the dew condenses the sun and the moon. I am ashamed to read thousands of books, but I can't solve it in the air. "
At present, there are more than one tablet 10 in China, which is said to be re-carved from the tablet of Yuelu Mountain, showing its preciousness.
In addition to the Wang Yu Monument, Yuelu Mountain also has a famous monument-Lushan Temple Monument. The monument is nearly 3m high and 1 m wide. It was written by Li Yong, a famous writer and calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, and carved by Huang Xianhe. The inscription "Lushan Temple Monument" is composed of four great figures, and the inscription is *** 1400 words, which is in parallel prose style. This paper describes the time from the first construction of Jintai (265-274) to the establishment of Lushan Temple in Tang Kaiyuan (7 13-74 1 year). 46666.7666866666 1
Li Yong, a native of Jiangdu, Yangzhou, recorded in the history books that "the writing style of the city is based on the monument". As a former magistrate of Beihai, it is called "Li Beihai", and this monument is also called "Beihai Monument". The inscription on this tablet is written by Li Yong in regular script, with gorgeous characters and beautiful fonts, which is the best among the inscriptions in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Among the many inscriptions written by Li Yong in his life, the Lushan Temple tablet is the most exquisite, with the names of Mi Fei and other famous Song and Yuan dynasties on the back, so it is regarded as a treasure by calligraphers of all ages. Because this monument is exquisite and unique in literary talent, calligraphy and seal cutting, people also call it the "Three Wonders Monument". "Three Juebei" enjoys a high reputation in the ancient stone carving art in China. The calligraphy used for inscription is a new creation of this monument, with vigorous brushwork. Later calligraphers, such as Su and Mi Fei, followed its method. Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty, said to himself, "Every big character has a meaning." . Since ancient times, many famous literati have come to visit this monument when visiting Yuelu Mountain. Zhang in the Song Dynasty and Li Dongyang in the Ming Dynasty both left poems chanting for the memory, which shows their great influence on later generations.
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of poetry, when there were Luo and Du Fu. When famous poets such as Li Bai and Li Shangyin chanted about ancient Changsha, local heroes in Changsha also showed their magical powers. They wrote poems and competed with each other, which gave rise to the story of Wang Lin and Li Qunyu Lushan. Wang, a native of Changsha, is good at writing poems and quick in thinking. During Tang Xiantong's reign (860-872), Cui Xuan, an observer, recommended him to Chang 'an to take the "Daily Examination of Various Words". On the day of the exam, Wang invited 10 clerks, gave pens, ink and paper, and then dictated to each other. 65,438+00 The clerk kept writing. The first topic "Yellow River Fu" was 3,000 words, which took several moments to write, and then by noon, 20 songs "Birds Scattering Flowers" had been written, with 7,000 words written. The prime minister at that time saw Wang's outstanding talent and wanted to send someone to summon him. Wang refused, became furious and ruined Wang's career. Wang returned to Changsha alone, leaving his landscape feelings to drink poetry. One day, he met another famous Hunan poet Li Qunyu on Yuelu Mountain. Li Qunyu, who is not easy to escape, amused himself by reciting poems. His poems are beautiful, talented, competitive and arrogant. When they were about to meet, Li Qunyu asked the king, "Who are you?" The king replied, "Try every word every day." Because Li Qunyu always looked down on people who are diligent in fame and career, and thought that the daily examinations were only social work, not real talents, he showed contempt for the king in his speech. After Wang noticed it, he pretended not to know, and only suggested that the two of them try a couplet. Li Qunyu didn't care, he accepted. Unexpectedly, Wang Zhan is so fast that Li Qunyu can hardly cope with it. When Wang Yin sang the quatrain "Peony blossoms like a bodhisattva's face and palm leaves are scattered like hags", Li Qunyu was at a loss and even sighed "good sentences, good sentences" and felt ashamed. Since then, making friends with Wang, the story of Lushan and Wang Zhengfeng has been widely circulated in Hunan.
In the Song Dynasty, Yuelu Mountain also produced a story of Hu Yin, one of the founders of Huxiang School, angrily denouncing traitors. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the nomads from Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou invaded south continuously, and Qin Gui, who was in charge of state affairs, was afraid of the enemy like a tiger, and blindly compromised and surrendered. Seeing the country's internal and external troubles, Hu Yin was anxious and was extremely dissatisfied with the Nanning court. He hated Qin Gui and others, so he resigned and asked to go back to Hunan to live with his father Hu Anguo and his brother Hu Hong. On one occasion, Hu Yin visited Lushan Temple in Yuelu Mountain, Changsha. Suddenly, he heard the news that Dina Liu from party member, Qin Gui came to Hunan to be an official. He was very angry and wrote a big book on the wall. "It's a crocodile in the South China Sea and wants to be a bird in Changsha." The metaphor of crocodiles in the South China Sea comes from Han Yu's Sacrifice to Crocodiles in the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, Han Yuchu was appointed as the secretariat of Chaozhou Prefecture in the South China Sea. Knowing that there were crocodiles in the evil stream, he almost ate up all the livestock of the people, so he wrote "Sacrificing Crocodiles" and ordered crocodiles to leave Chaozhou and move to the South China Sea in the evil stream, otherwise they would kill all their bows and arrows. As a result, crocodiles dare not escape, and there will be no crocodiles in Chaozhou in the future. Liu Dan happened to be chaozhou people, and Hu Yin compared him to a cruel and hypocritical Chaozhou crocodile who came to Changsha again to harm the people. Liu Dan saw this sentence and knew that she was mocking herself, so she complained to Qin Gui. Hu Yin resigned and refused to be an official for 20 years. This shows that Hu Yin, like other founders of Huxiang School, is upright and upright, and has a backbone, which adds a lot of color to Yuelu Xiushan.