When the body is dead, the spirit is the spirit, and the soul is the ghost.
Li Qingzhao used this sentence to write the famous sentence "Being a hero in life, and being a ghost in death".
Nine Songs·National Sorrow
Nine Songs·National Sorrow [ɡuó shānɡ]
Era: Pre-Qin Dynasty
Author: Qu Yuan
Title: Nine Songs·National Sorrow
Content: Original text:
When fighting Wu Ge, one wears rhinoceros armor, and one's chariot has the wrong hub, so one fights in close combat.
The enemy is like a cloud that blocks the sun, and the arrows are falling and the soldiers are fighting for the lead.
The formation is full of shackles, and the left side is wounded by the right blade.
The two wheels of haze are coming, and the four horses are riding, and the jade is coming to help, and the drums are beating.
The weather is full of anger and mighty spirits, killing them all and abandoning the wilderness.
You can’t go in and out, but you can’t go in the opposite direction. The plain suddenly turns out to be too long.
Bringing a long sword and holding a Qin bow, his head and body are separated and his heart is not punished.
Sincerity is both brave and martial, and ultimately strong and invincible.
When the body is dead, the spirit is the spirit, and the soul is the ghost.
Reference translation of "National Memorial"
Holding a long sword in hand, wearing armor,
The hubs of the chariot wheels are staggered, and short weapons are fighting each other.
The flags cover the sun, the enemy soldiers are as numerous as hemp,
The arrows fall alternately, and the soldiers rush forward.
The enemy invaded our position and trampled my formation.
The left horse in the shaft died, and the right horse was injured.
The chariot's wheels were stuck, and the war horse was fettered.
The warrior raised his drumsticks, and the sound of the drums was loud.
God is also resentful, and all the gods are angry.
The warriors are all killed, and their corpses are abandoned in the wasteland.
Heroes go here and never return.
The wilderness is empty and the journey is too long.
Wearing a long sword, holding Qin's bow,
The body and head have been separated, but the loyalty will never change.
The warriors are so brave, and their force is so powerful.
They are strong from beginning to end, and their morale is inviolable.
Although the body of a soldier is dead, his spirit will live on forever.
Your soul is still there, and you are called a hero among ghosts.
Analysis:
"National Memorial" is one of the "Nine Songs", a set of music songs composed by Qu Yuan to worship gods and ghosts. The content is to commemorate and praise those who sacrificed their lives for the country. The souls of Chu soldiers.
The song is divided into two sections. First, it describes the heroic scene of Chu soldiers fighting the enemy in a hand-to-hand battle, and then it eulogizes their noble sacrifice for the country. From the first stanza, "The sun is obscured and the enemy is like clouds," we can see that this is a desperate battle in which the enemy is outnumbered and we are outnumbered. When the enemy came fiercely and disrupted the Chu army's battle formation, trying to advance straight in, the Chu army soldiers still fought bravely to take the lead. But I saw a main chariot rushing out of the battle formation. This originally had four horses. Although the horse on the left side had been hit by an arrow and died, and the horse on the right side had also been slashed, its owner , the commander-in-chief of the Chu army still had no fear. He buried the two wheels of the chariot in the soil, caught the horse's reins, and instead raised the hammer to beat the war drum for the march. For a moment, the fighting spirit was low, causing the sky to become angry. When the murderous intent dissipated, only corpses were left on the battlefield, lying quietly in the wilderness.
The author's ability to describe scenes and exaggerate the atmosphere is very strong. In just ten sentences, a desperate battle has been described vividly and with great appeal. Underneath, the dead soldiers are eulogized with emotional brushstrokes. He felt that since the day they put on their armor, they no longer wanted to return intact. At this moment, they were holding on to their weapons, lying there peacefully and without regrets. He simply couldn't restrain his emotions and rushed forward. He is full of respect and love for these soldiers. Just as he often uses beauty herbs to refer to beautiful people and things, in this article, he also uses all beautiful things to decorate the characters in his works. These brave soldiers wielded the famously sharp Ge produced in Wu and the famously powerful bow produced in Qin. They wore rhinoceros leather armor and held drumsticks with jade inlays. He is a hero in life, and a hero in death, with energy flowing like a rainbow. The reputation lasts forever.
According to existing historical data, we are still unable to pinpoint the specific time and place where this war took place, and who the enemy was. But at that time, the State of Chu was always facing the threat of the Qin State, the strongest among the seven countries. Since King Huai came to power, the State of Chu had several large-scale wars with the powerful Qin, and most of them were fought by the State of Chu to resist the invasion of the Qin army. Patriotic War.
Starting from this basic historical fact, it is probably no problem to say that this article is about the Chu army's fight against the invasion of the powerful Qin. In this kind of description, the author's passionate love for his family and country is vividly expressed.
After the fall of the Chu State, there was a saying circulating in the Chu region: "Although there are three households in Chu, Chu will definitely die when Qin is destroyed." Qu Yuan's work not only mourns the fallen soldiers, but also vaguely expresses his desire to clear up the national humiliation. , the belief in the victory of the just cause, in this sense, his thoughts are closely connected with the people of Chu. As the first great poet that the Chinese nation contributed to mankind, what he wrote was by no means just some personal joys and sorrows, the ups and downs of being framed, excluded, and even exiled in Yuanxiang; what he dedicated to people was his heart. A passionate patriotism that is almost paranoid. He is the voice of the people of Chu State. His "National Sorrow", including a series of other works, expresses the people of Chu State's love for their country.
This piece is somewhat different from the author's other works in terms of artistic expression, and is even inconsistent with other songs in "Nine Songs". It is not a splendid chapter with strange imagination and magnificent diction, but it is "directly describing the story" (Dai Zhen's "Annotations to Qu Yuan's Fu"). It conveys deep and intense emotions with an urgent rhythm and vigorous expressions. It shows an awe-inspiring and upright beauty that is consistent with the people and affairs reflected, a kind of masculine beauty, which is unique among Chuci-style works. After reading it, it really makes people feel energetic and energetic.
About the author
Qu Yuan (about 339 BC to about 278 BC). He was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period, the founder and representative author of "Chu Ci". In this century, he was elected as a world cultural celebrity and was widely commemorated. Qu Yuan's works, according to the revision by Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and his son and the annotation by Wang Yi, include 25 chapters, namely 1 chapter of "Li Sao", 1 chapter of "Tian Wen", 11 chapters of "Nine Songs", and "Nine Chapters" 9 articles, including 1 article each for "Yuanyou", "Divination" and "Fisherman". According to Sima Qian's words in "Historical Records·Biography of Qu Yuan", there is also an article called "Calling the Soul". Some scholars believe that "Dazhao" is also Qu Yuan's work; but others suspect that the following chapters of "Yuanyou" and several chapters of "Nine Chapters" were not written by Qu Yuan. In terms of language form, Qu Yuan's works break through the pattern of mainly four-character sentences in The Book of Songs. Each sentence has five, six, seven, eight, or nine characters, and there are also three-character and cross-character sentences. The syntax is uneven and flexible; The word "xi" is often used at the end of the sentence, as well as empty words such as "zhi", "yu", "hu", "husband" and "er" to coordinate the syllables and create a rhythm of ups and downs and three sighs in one song. In short, his works have great creativity from content to form.
Yu Youren's deathbed poem "National Tragedy"
Bury me on a high mountain,
Look at my mainland;
The mainland is gone ,
I can only cry bitterly.
Bury me on a high mountain,
Looking at my hometown;
My hometown is gone,
Never forget.
The sky is blue,
the sea is vast,
on the mountains,
there is national mourning.
Yu Youren's famous patriotic poem "Looking at the Mainland" (also known as "National Memorial") was published after his death in Taipei on November 10, 1964. Mr. Yu Youren, who lived in Taiwan in his later years, was very eager to return to his roots, but he was unable to do so. On January 12, 1962, he wrote in his diary: "After a hundred years, I would like to be buried in a high place with many trees in Yushan or Alishan. The mountain should be high and the trees should be big. I can always look at the mainland. My hometown is Chinese mainland". Shortly afterwards, on January 24, 1962, Mr. Yu Youren wrote the sincere and melancholy poem "Looking at the Mainland".
This is an elegy he wrote for his hometown in mainland China. His nostalgia for his country is beyond words. It is a swan song that touches the deep pain in the souls of the descendants of Yan and Huang.
In 1949, Yu Youren was taken to Taiwan, while his wife and son stayed in the mainland, and they were separated from each other ever since. Therefore, his "Looking at the Mainland" is not a general feeling about his family and country, but contains the unforgettable pain of his life experience. The reunification of the motherland is what the poet has pursued throughout his life.
Reading this poem gives people a feeling of deep sadness and patriotism. Due to well-known reasons, Mr. Yu has lived in Taiwan for a long time and cannot return to his hometown. However, the waves across the Taiwan Strait are constantly blocking him from seeing the mainland, his hometown, and his family.
The first two stanzas of the poem adopt the technique of repeating chapters and chanting repeatedly to express his deep yearning and attachment to the mainland and his hometown. It is a strong expression of the poet's true feelings. Bai Juyi, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty It is said: "What touches people's hearts is nothing but love." It is this sincere and strong emotion and unforgettable longing that gives readers a strong shock and arouses readers' emotions and thoughts. The first two sentences of the last stanza of the poem are borrowed from the Northern Dynasties folk song "Chi Le Song". They use overlapping words to make the objects vivid and vivid! The last two sentences, "On the mountain, there is national mourning!" are puns and have rich meanings. "National Sorrow" comes from Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" of Chu Ci. "Nine Songs" is a set of poems composed by Qu Yuan in imitation of the sacrificial songs of the southern state of Chu during his exile. "National Memorial" is one of them. It is an elegy in memory of the soldiers. The so-called "sorrow", "Xiaoerya" says: "Nothing." "The ghost of the Lord is mourning." The poet cleverly used "national mourning" to express his regret that he could not be buried in the mainland after his death and that his soul could not return to his hometown. The ancients said: "When a bird flies back to its hometown, a fox will always be on the ground when it dies." Beasts are like this, how can humans be embarrassed? Man-made obstructions cause relatives to gather together and their flesh and blood to be separated. After death, the soul cannot return to its hometown and has no peace. How can you read it without making people cry with sadness? With the help of these two poems, the poet expresses the hearts of many people who have the same experience as the poet: what they dream about and cannot forget in their hearts is the reunification of the motherland! My husband could not see the reunification of the motherland during his lifetime. After his death, he had to be buried on a high hill and look at the mainland in the distance. It was really hard to rest in peace!
Now that Hong Kong and Macau have returned to China, we are looking forward to Taiwan, which has been separated for half a century, to return to the embrace of our mother as soon as possible! I believe that a unified, strong and prosperous China will soon stand tall in the east of the world! At this point, Mr. Yu Youren will be smiling! The mystery of Yu Youren's death
In mid-August 1964, Yu Youren was hospitalized due to illness. One day in September, Yu Youren’s old subordinate Yang Lianggong went to Taipei Veterans General Hospital to visit him. Yu Youren was very happy, but due to his serious illness and throat inflammation, he could not say what he wanted to say. Yang Lianggong then took his hand and asked, "What does the dean have to tell me?" Yu Youren thought for a moment and stretched out a finger. Yang Lianggong didn't know what it meant. After a while, Yu Youren extended three fingers to Yang Lianggong. Yang Lianggong guessed several answers, but Yu Youren shook his head and rejected them. Yang Lianggong had no choice but to say: "Dean, when you feel better, I'll ask you what you just said, okay?" Yu Youren nodded. After that, Yu Youren's illness became worse day by day and he fell into a coma. At 8:08 pm on November 10, 1964, Yu Youren passed away at the age of 86. He did not leave any last words, so people regarded his poem "Looking at the Continent" as his will. The body was buried on Guanyin Mountain, the highest in Taipei, and a bronze bust facing the mainland was erected on the top of Yushan Mountain (the highest peak in the southeastern provinces of my country) at an altitude of 3,997 meters. Yushan Mountain is steep, and the 4-meter-high bronze statue and building materials were all carried up bit by bit by members of the Taiwan Mountaineering Association. Yu Youren finally fulfilled his wish to climb high and overlook his homeland.
What one finger or three fingers means has always been a mystery. Later, senior newspaperman Lu Keng felt that Yu Youren's "one finger, three fingers" should be understood this way: In the future, when China is unified, his coffin will be transported back to the mainland and buried in his hometown in Sanyuan County, Shaanxi.
"Three old houses, one ancient locust tree, and a large cloth of ordinary people." This is what people say about Mr. My former residence in Sanyuan and the 300-year-old locust tree also deeply express my gratitude to Mr.
Yu Youren followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen when he was young and made outstanding contributions to overthrowing the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. He actively advocated cooperation between the two parties of the Kuomintang and established education and water conservancy projects. He was a sincere patriot; He was an early poet in Nanshe and wrote nearly 900 poems in his life. He has high attainments in poetry, lyrics and music. He has written many poems that express the rise and fall of the country and the nation. He is the author of "Youren Wencun", "Youren Poems", etc. He is also a famous calligrapher and founded the " "Yudi" calligraphy art. Lin Yutang once said: “Among contemporary calligraphers, the calligraphy work of Yu Youren, the Supervisory Director, should be regarded as the best model. Dean Yu’s current status is partly due to the fame of his calligraphy.
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Modern book "National Memorial":
National Memorial: A record of the Kuomintang's frontal battlefield resistance against Japan
The Anti-Japanese War was the first complete defeat of the Chinese nation in more than a century. The national liberation war in which the imperialist powers invaded China was also an important part of the world's anti-fascist war. It occupied an important position in the historical process of China and the world. Under special historical conditions, the Kuomintang's frontal battlefields and the battlefields behind enemy lines in the liberated areas supported each other. , and the scenes of mutual cooperation all reflect the national tradition of a nation's unyielding power and common hatred, and the awe-inspiring national integrity of the Chinese people. During the 15-month strategic defense bloody battle, the Chinese army blocked the powerful Japanese invaders with blood and flesh. . Is it a war or a peace? Politicians and military strategists appeared frequently, fighting each other in several battles in Songhu, Xinkou, Xuzhou, and Wuhan.
National tragedy: those who sacrificed their lives for the country. soldiers