The development of history
Garden construction in late Qing dynasty
In the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1906), agricultural experimental fields were established in Leshan Garden, Jiyuan Garden (also known as "Three Cups Garden"), Guangshan Temple and Hui 'an Temple, led by the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce of Qing Dynasty. The agricultural experimental field covers an area of about 7 1 hectare, and the experiments on various crops are divided into five parts, namely, experiments on grain wheat, sericulture, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers. The experimental farm affiliated zoo is the earliest modern public zoo in the history of China, and 1908 was opened for the first time.
The original exhibits of Beijing Zoo are some animals bought back from Germany by Minister of Nanyang and Governor Duan Fang of Liangjiang, and some animals presented to the Qing government by governors from all over the country, with about dozens and more than 100 species. The farm experimental field is located outside Xizhimen, with convenient transportation. It is also the first park-like farm experimental field in the history of China, which integrates popular science of animals and plants. So it has been very popular since its opening.
Development of the Republic of China
After the fall of the Qing government after the Revolution of 1911, the name of the farm experimental field has changed several times, from the central farm experimental field to the National Museum of Natural History in Beiping, to the horticultural experimental field of the General Administration of Industry and finally to the horticultural experimental field in Beiping.
Due to years of war and depression of people's livelihood, most animals in agricultural experimental fields died for various reasons. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, only one Asian elephant starved to death/kloc-0, and wild animals such as lions, tigers and leopards in the park were poisoned by the Japanese army on the grounds of air defense in the late period of 1 943 in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1945 at the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the agricultural experimental field was occupied by the Japanese army as a garrison warehouse and taken over by the National Government for a long time as a temporary barracks. 1946 When it reopened, there were only ten monkeys, two geese, rabbits, pigeons, turkeys, ostriches, peacocks, eagles, sunflower parrots, white parrots and pink parrots. 1949 When Beijing was liberated, there were only 13 macaques and an emu left in the park.
Take various measures to attract tourists, especially "giant ticket sales". At that time, the management department of agricultural experimental field specially recruited two giants over 220 cm in height to be responsible for ticket checking.
Xijiao Park in the Early Liberation Period
1949 In February, the Beijing Municipal People's Government took over the Beijing Zoo named "Beiping Agricultural and Forestry Laboratory" and renamed it "Beiping Agricultural and Forestry Laboratory". Considering that the conditions of the farm experimental field are no longer suitable for farming and mulberry experiments, after renovation and greening, in September of the same year 1 was named "Xijiao Park".
1 950 March1day, Xijiao Park officially opened. In order to prepare for the opening of Xijiao Park, Xijiao Park Management Office will repair the fence, peony pavilion, hurricane hall and zoo animal hall in the park. The bird cage, deer shed, Monkey Mountain and Yonglu were renovated, some small animals were added, and birds such as yellowbird, bouquet, golden wing, peaceful bird, sparrow, turkey, eagle, crane and goose, deer, wolf, mouse and leopard were purchased. People's Republic of China (PRC) leaders Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De also donated precious animals such as Asian elephants, lynx, gibbon, black bear, big-eared sheep, elk and Indian rhinoceros to the Xijiao Park for breeding and exhibition. In addition, the Xijiao Park Management Office also purchased and exchanged animals from abroad, expanding the animal species in Xijiao Park.
Development of Beijing Zoo
On April 1955 and 1 day, Xijiao Park was officially renamed as "Beijing Zoo", inscribed by Guo Moruo, a famous scholar who was then the president of China Academy of Sciences. During the Cultural Revolution, the plaque inscribed by Guo Moruo was removed, and the word "Beijing Zoo" was selected from Mao Zedong's poem and calligraphy "Spring in the Garden and Snow" and pieced together into what it is now. The carved dragon pattern above the western-style gatehouse of the zoo was also smashed.
During the 20 years from 1955 to 1975, Beijing Zoo has achieved certain development, and successively built the Elephant Pavilion, the Lion Tiger Mountain, the Macaque Pavilion, the Orangutan Pavilion, the Marine Animal Pavilion, and the Amphibian and Reptile Pavilion. Among them, the Lion Tiger Mountain, Orangutan Hall, Amphibian and Reptile Hall and other venues have been used to this day and become the landmark buildings of Beijing Zoo.
The Beijing Zoo has exhibited Maoguan deer, Peruvian penguin, Celebes buffalo, South China tiger, North American musk ox, Asian elephant (Mi Dula), Japanese gazelle, Chilean flamingo, American beaver, white rhinoceros, roebuck, Siamese crocodile, Central American tapir, Caribbean manatee, white-lipped deer, Arabian baboon and mountain deer.
In addition to accepting and raising diplomatic gift animals, Beijing Zoo also provided many rare animals unique to China to foreign countries as gifts for international exchanges, which made a unique contribution to the diplomatic situation of the people of China in the 1970s.
After China's reform and opening up in 1960s and 1980s, Beijing Zoo developed rapidly. African Elephant Pavilion, Pheasant Pavilion, Chinese Veterinary Pavilion, Deer Garden, Jackal Fox Pavilion, Kangaroo Pavilion, Porcupine Guinea Pig Pavilion, Crane Breeding Island, Flamingo Pavilion, Crested ibis Pavilion, Nocturnal Animals Pavilion, Tropical Fish Pavilion, Tropical Monkey Pavilion, Gorilla Pavilion, Giant Panda Pavilion, Golden Monkey Pavilion and Black-necked Crane Breeding Pavilion have been built. Among them, the new Giant Panda Pavilion, as a supporting project of the 1990 Asian Games, was also rated as one of the top ten buildings in Beijing that year and became one of the landmark buildings of Beijing Zoo. At present, the research on animal breeding in Beijing Zoo has also made great progress, among which the artificial breeding technology of rare animals such as giant panda and crested ibis is in the leading position in the world.
/kloc-In the 1990s, Beijing Zoo expanded northward, and at the same time, the land in the west and south was sold as commercial land at a high price. During this period, the new elephant hall, rhinoceros hippo hall, Beijing Aquarium, Science Hall, Bird Hall, African animal breeding area and other buildings were newly built. At the same time, more scientific animal feeding methods were adopted to create their original environment, and some animals were scattered or mixed.