Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has an important historical position in China, and his calligraphy works have had a great influence on the development of Chinese fonts. So, how do people evaluate Wang Xizhi? The following is the evaluation of Wang Xizhi compiled by me for everyone, hoping to help you.
Who dares to comment on Wang Xizhi in the history of calligraphy in China
In the thousand-year history of China's calligraphy, countless calligraphy critics almost agreed with Wang Xizhi. However, Zhang Huaiguan, the famous Tang Dynasty, made a very special evaluation. He especially has a low opinion of Wang Xizhi's cursive script. Think? Yi Shao Cao has a girl talent, no husband spirit, and is not expensive? . Then he commented on Wang Xizhi's cursive script? Although it is rich and beautiful, it is lacking in air? .
And in his book Book Evaluation, it is more specific, saying? In Wang's Chinese characters, 1 words of cursive script are enough for his running script, and 3 words are enough for his regular script? .
In short, he thinks Wang Xizhi's cursive script is too gentle and lovely. However, in the history of books, many people's comments are fully affirmed. Typical as Liang Wudi, he said? Zhong You's books are like a cloud, swimming in the sky, playing in the sea, and the lines are dense; Wang Xizhi's words are powerful and easy to escape, such as dragons jumping into heaven and tigers lying in phoenix? . Of course, his comments on the King's words are overall, not specifically cursive. Overall evaluation of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy
Is Wang Xizhi known as? Book saint? Whether you know calligraphy or not, you know Wang Xizhi, a unique calligrapher. In the vast ocean of calligraphy, Wang Xizhi has been established as a beacon by many calligraphers, and has been set as a model by calligraphy in previous dynasties, and Wang Xizhi's standards are used to measure the famous calligraphers in previous dynasties. There are almost no later calligraphers who have not copied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy posts, so there are? Book saint? Reputation.
a comment said:? Although China praised Wang Xizhi's behavior in the history of books? Book saint? But he is not regarded as a solidified icon, but only as a creation of calligraphy in Chinese culture? Perfect? A symbol of. Things are always developing and advancing. Did Wang Xizhi arrive in his time? Perfect? The peak of this? Icons? It is bound to summon latecomers to climb new heights of calligraphy in their respective times. ? Although it broke the worship of Wang Xizhi here, it still failed to break the pattern of people knowing Wang Xizhi. Why is Wang Xizhi's calligraphy the best? Why is Wang Xizhi's work considered flawless?
There are two major factors in Wang Xizhi's status as a book saint:
First, the promotion of Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong admired Wang Xizhi's calligraphy so much that he called the calligraphers in the world and the court to copy the Preface to Lanting. This has promoted Wang Xizhi's calligraphy status to a certain extent. But this is not absolute. Tang Taizong's calligraphy attainments are not shallow, and he should be able to judge Wang Xizhi's calligraphy level. Emperor Taizong is just an external cause, and the main reason is Wang Xizhi himself.
second, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy skills. Calligraphers of past dynasties have regarded Wang Xizhi as? Book saint? Therefore, there are no shortcomings to be found in evaluating Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Because the conclusion is that Wang Xizhi is perfect, Wang Xizhi is absolute and Wang Xizhi is insurmountable. Calligraphers of past dynasties, including later Ou Yan Liu Zhao, Su Huang Mi Cai, Weng Liu Cheng Tie and many others, are almost inseparable from Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.
I think the main reason is the orthodoxy and the doctrine of the mean in China's feudal period:
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is regarded as the orthodoxy of calligraphy, and Wang Xizhi's law is also regarded as the orthodoxy of calligraphy, and any violation of Wang Xizhi's law is regarded as treason. But is it all bad to violate Wang Xizhi's laws? Some people say that Wang Xizhi's laws are still in use, but those that violate Wang Xizhi's laws no longer exist. Think about it, can this law, which was spurned as soon as it came out, be passed down? When Wang Xizhi's calligraphy was regarded as orthodox, a number of calligraphers such as Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Mengfu were influenced by Wang Xizhi to varying degrees. We all know the imperial examination, and the font of the imperial examination has been based on European style for quite some time. This developed Ou Yangxun to some extent and Wang Xizhi indirectly. When Ou Yangxun was honored as a model of European style, later European style calligraphers took Ou Yangxun as the standard, so they could never surpass Ou Yangxun. Wang Xizhi, who was copied by Ou Yangxun, became an unattainable peak.
what does Wang Xizhi's calligraphy look like to calligraphers? Everyone has no characteristics, everyone has no style? And who is Wang Xizhi? The beauty of the mean? . This standard is regarded as the ultimate state of calligraphy, which is obviously limited by Confucianism. When we equate Wang Xizhi with the essence of Confucianism, we will find that Wang Xizhi has become a Confucius of Confucianism in calligraphy and an unshakable saint. Then, no matter how great the calligrapher is, it is of course unparalleled to measure by Wang Xizhi's standards. It is not surprising that comments such as Huai Su, Zhang Xu and Wang Duo are too bold compared with Wang Xizhi, and Ou Yangxun is too dull compared with Wang Xizhi. In the feudal society of China ruled by Confucianism, as long as Confucianism does not waver, Wang Xizhi will basically not waver. Contemporary times are different, and the status of Confucianism has greatly declined. Therefore, many calligraphers began to criticize and reflect on Wang Xizhi. Does our calligraphy have to be moderate? Must not be left or right?
If Wang Xizhi is an unattainable peak, then the calligraphy in the subsequent Tang Dynasty is inferior to that in the Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and the Republic of China. Aside from Wang Xizhi's taboo, shouldn't our calligraphers reflect?
my humble opinion! In order to prepare for the improvement of calligraphy level before examining your own opinions. See if you can have new insights in the future. Evaluation of Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (33? 361) The word "Yi Shao" was called Wang Youjun because the rank of the right army led the civil history. An outstanding calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Wang Xizhi, who cares about his country and loves his people, was born in the second year of Emperor Tai 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty (33). Originally from Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong).
Wang Langya was the most prominent scholar-bureaucrat in the Jin Dynasty. In the Wangs' family, many people have held prominent positions. He was an official in Wei and Jin Dynasties from his great-grandfather Wang Xiang, and served as a Sikong, Taiwei and Taibao. Uncle Wang Yan successively served as the official secretary, official secretary and Qiu of Emperor Jinhui. After crossing the south, uncle Wang Dao lived in Zaifu, holding the state affairs; Another uncle, Wang Dun, was stationed in Jingzhou. He was heavily armed and formed? The king and the horse, * * * the world? The special political situation. His father, Wang Kuang, was the satrap of Huainan. He was the founding hero of the Eastern Jin Dynasty who first suggested that Jin Yuan Emperor Si Marui cross the river.
As a teenager, Wang Xizhi was not good at words, but he was stubborn, upright and very opinionated. Wang Dao and Wang Dun both highly valued his talent and praised him as the most promising son of the Wang family. Qiu Chi Jian appreciated him even more and took the initiative to marry his daughter.
The Eastern Jin regime, which was located in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River, was frequently in turmoil from the beginning because of internal contradictions that could not be reconciled. In these upheavals, Wang Langya often played an important role. Although Wang Xizhi was born in the Wangs of Langya, he seldom thought of the interests of a family. He repeatedly rejected Wang Dao's suggestion that he be an official in the central government. He is willing to take a specific job at the local level in order to establish a great achievement for revitalizing the Eastern Jin Dynasty. From the ninth year of Emperor Xianhe of Jincheng (334), he has been working for Yu Liang, the general of western expedition in Jingzhou, for about six years. Yu Liang opposed Wang's autocratic court and was incompatible with Wang Dao. However, Wang Xizhi can pay attention to get along well with Yu Liang. He finally won the trust of the other side, and Yu Liang promoted his position from joining the army to a long history. In the sixth year of Xiankang (34), Yu Liang died. Before he died, Yu Liang personally praised Wang Xizhi's talent and suggested that Emperor Cheng appoint him as General Ningyuan and Jiangzhou Secretariat.
Soon, Emperor Jincheng issued imperial edicts twice before and after, appointing Wang Xizhi as the assistant minister and the official department minister. Wang Xizhi refused them one by one because they were against their original intention.
In the second year of Emperor Yonghe of Jin Dynasty (346), Wang Xizhi once again refused to ask him to be appointed as the general of the army protection in the Central Committee. His behavior caused a lot of criticism in the imperial court. In his reply to Yin Hao, the secretariat of Yangzhou, Wang Xizhi stated his ambition. He said that it is a long-standing idea that he does not want to work in the central government. But that doesn't mean he won't serve his country. As long as he needs it, he will spare no pains to go to dangerous areas such as Guanlong (occupied by Shi Hu in the post-Zhao Dynasty) and Bashu (occupied by Li Shi in the Cheng Han Dynasty). Under pressure, Wang Xizhi returned to Jiankang to take up the post of army guard, but he still asked for a foreign post. After repeated requests, the court finally agreed to let him serve as the general of the right army as the civil history of Huiji.
When he arrived in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), he was encountering a serious famine. Wang Xizhi was busy opening the granary to help the victims here. He suggested to the court? Stop drinking to save people's lives? ("Full Jin Wen" Volume 26), think? This county has been out of wine for a year, saving more than one million hectares of rice, which is too much rent? ("Full Jin Wen" Volume 24). Through practical investigation, Wang Xizhi learned that the taxes imposed on the people by the Eastern Jin government were too heavy, especially in Wujun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and Huiji. So he repeatedly wrote to ask for a reduction in taxes and levies, so that the people could? It' s too small to rest, and each has its own business? . He criticized the government's bureaucracy for being bloated and complicated, and the materials in this section are mainly based on the book of Jin? Wang Xizhi's Biography, which is quoted by this biography, is not otherwise noted.
low will only increase the burden on the people. It takes ten days for the master to do things, and the officials and the people will go away, which will cost thousands of dollars. . After checking all the counties under Huiji County, he found that the theft of official warehouses was very serious. The reason is that the inside job is stolen. Warehouse supervisor steals official rice, moving tens of thousands? ，? Yuyao is close to 1,? . Wang Xizhi accused those in power in the DPRK of obstructing the tracing, saying that they were actually? Re-collecting and raping officials with capital? . Think as long as? Kill one person, and then break it? .
during Wang Xizhi's tenure as the civil history of Huiji, there was a Northern Expedition fever in the Eastern Jin government. After Huan Wen, the secretariat of Jingzhou, mastered the heavy forces and wiped out the Chenghan regime in Shu, he actively prepared for the Northern Expedition. Huan Wen tried to rely on military victory, improve personal prestige, and realize the ambition of calling himself emperor on behalf of Jin Dynasty. In the 9th year of Yonghe (353), Sima Yu, the Zaifu in Jiankang, first ordered Yin Hao, the secretariat of Yangzhou, to be the commander of the Northern Expedition in order to restrain Huan Wen. Yin Hao is a talker in name only and has no combat experience. He appointed Yao Xiang, the leader of the Qiang nationality who was demoted to Jin, as the striker of the Northern Expedition. As a result, Yao Xiang defected halfway and ambushed Yin Hao in Shansang. Yin Hao was defeated, and the Northern Expeditionary Army suffered great losses. Wang Xizhi has always opposed the blind northern expedition. Before Yin Hao left, he wrote a letter with sincere words to dissuade him. After the failure of the Northern Expedition, Yin Hao was unwilling to fail, so he tried again. Wang Xizhi wrote to him again, warning that Yin Hao should learn from its failure. Can the past be traced back, and I hope to think about the future? . He said,? Politics is based on Tao winning tolerance and harmony, striving for martial arts and doing wrong? Blindly calling the Northern Expedition to humiliate the country for many times is the result of the lack of foresight of the politicians. The strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was insufficient, the army was defeated abroad, and the capital was exhausted at home. Since there was no power to control the Huaihe River basin, it was better to save the Yangtze River with all one's strength. He suggested that those in power should take the blame and blame themselves, admit their mistakes, concentrate on pooling talents, listen to the opinions of people of insight, try to refresh politics, eliminate cumbersome systems, and reduce taxes and corvees. Only in this way can the difficult situation be changed. Wang Xizhi warned that if we persist in the tyranny of cutting and stripping the people, uprisings like those in Chen Sheng and Wu Guang will appear immediately. In a letter to Sima Yu, he expressed concern about the consequences of repeated efforts. It is pointed out that in a war, we should know ourselves and know each other, and be sure before moving. Blind northern expedition has little hope of winning, but it has caused great pain to the people. With only nine tenths of wuyue's latitude and longitude in the world, why not die? He also wrote a letter to Xie Shang, a servant of Shangshu, and listed the disasters brought by the war with deep sorrow. He said that a large part of the people who participated in the conscription and transportation were unable to return home because of death or defection. Despite the loss of population, the government still levied on the people as usual, causing more people to defect halfway. According to the government decree, the families and neighbors of the fugitives have to sit together, so new people have fled in large numbers. ? The people are in exile, and the number of registered permanent residence is decreasing day by day. Is this the source? .
Huiji County is under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou, and Wang Shu, the secretariat of Yangzhou, is Wang Xizhi's immediate superior. Wang Shu was at odds with Wang Xizhi, who repeatedly snubbed and made things difficult for him, and Wang Xizhi was deeply ashamed. In the 11th year of Yonghe (355), he resigned from the office of Huiji Civil History on the grounds of illness.
after his resignation, Wang Xizhi settled in Huiji with his family and never returned to Jiankang. At the beginning of Huiji, Wang Xizhi had a strong interest in the rich eastern Zhejiang and had plans to die of old age here. In his spare time, he often visits the famous sea and mountains here with his friends Xie An and others. After going to the official, more? Traveling with the people in the east? . Wang belongs to the northern gentry in Nandu, and his native land has been lost. In order to ensure his own economic interests, he must occupy a lot of land in the south. Taihu Lake basin is the preserve of the indigenous gentry in the south of the Yangtze River. In order to avoid conflicts with them, the tentacles of the northern clans turned to eastern Zhejiang. Wang Xizhi's tour of mountains and rivers certainly has amusement elements, but the main purpose is to ask for fields and homes, in his own words? Traveling east to the mountains and seas, and looking at the right place in parallel? . The miscellaneous posts of Wang Xizhi asking his friends to return his land property are kept in Volume 24 of Complete Jin Wen, which is enough to prove Wang Xizhi's enthusiasm for expanding land.
The most outstanding achievement of Wang Xizhi, an immortal calligrapher, is his calligraphy art.. In the history of calligraphy, he is an epoch-making master. Whether before or after death, he was respected by people, right? Book saint? The reputation. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy achievement lies not only in his ability to prepare various styles and collect the great achievements of calligraphy at that time. What's more, he can form his own family and create a unique style of Wang calligraphy.
during the Han and Wei dynasties, Chinese calligraphy developed to a brilliant stage. In addition to han li and Zhangcao, people have innovated running script and regular script. Since then, some famous calligraphers such as Zhong You, Liang Hao, Wei Dan, Wei Ji and Suo Jing have emerged, among which Zhong You is the most famous. He can write Li, Kai, Xing and Cao, especially in Kai. Zhong You's calligraphy was popular in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and occupied a dominant position in the bookstore. Wang Xizhi's family is famous for its good books. When Wang Dao was in turmoil, he still took Zhong You's "Announcement Post" with him. According to "Shu Shu Fu" records, what are the calligraphers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty? Eight kings? , langya wang a * * * take up six people.
Wang Xizhi was edified by this era and family style since childhood. He began to learn calligraphy at the age of seven, and his first teacher was his uncle Wang Biao. Wang Xun's writing style is modeled after Zhong You's. At the age of eleven, Wang Xizhi found the pen theory written by the previous generation in his father's pillow and took it out for reading privately. When my father knew it, he told him:? Now you are too young to understand the rules of writing. I'll teach you when I grow up. ? Wang Xizhi didn't agree. He said: I would like to know earlier, if I grow up, it will be too late. ? His father only explained the main points of pen theory to him roughly, but Wang Xizhi got the message and made progress in his studies from then on. Mrs. Wei, a famous calligrapher, saw his words and sighed. The child must have learned "Using a Pen". I think his brushwork is very mature and will definitely surpass mine in the future. ? Mrs. Wei is the daughter of Wei Guan, a famous calligrapher, and the wife of Li Moment. Wei Shuo learned from Zhong You and enjoyed a high reputation. Because of his love for Wang Xizhi, Wei Shuo kept him under his own door as a disciple.
when Wang Xizhi grew up, his experience became wider and wider, especially when he saw Li.