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Extracurricular reading of Chinese in senior one (1)
I once divided culture into two categories: narrow culture and broad culture. In a narrow sense, it refers to philosophy, religion, literature, art, politics, economy, ethics, morality and so on. Broadly speaking, it refers to everything created by spiritual civilization and material civilization, including cars, planes and so on.
Zhou Yiliang once divided culture into three levels: narrow sense, broad sense and deep sense. Mr. Zhou has his own views on profound culture. He said: "In some different fields of narrow culture, or in some unrelated fields of narrow culture and broad culture, we should further synthesize, generalize, condense, refine, abstract and sublimate, and get a similarity that exists in many fields." This kind of thing can be called profound culture, that is, the most essential or distinctive thing in a national culture. " He took Japanese culture as an example. He believes that the deep culture of Japan is characterized by "bitterness" and "laziness". Specific performance is simple, simple, slender, subtle, quaint, cited but not made, not carved and so on.
I don't want to explore from the national mentality. I think from another angle, we can also show the deep structure or connotation of China culture.
There are many differences between China's philosophy and foreign philosophy. One of the most important differences is that China's philosophy likes to talk about knowing and doing. I want to divide China culture into two parts according to two categories: knowledge, understanding, appreciation and so on, which belong to the category of knowledge; Part of it is discipline, ethics, social morality, etc., which belongs to the category of behavior. Behind these two parts is the profound China culture, which has the most essence and characteristics.
On the history of China's thoughts, Mr. Yin Ke pointed out: "During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, from the Jin Dynasty, China's thoughts can be represented by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Although this is a popular saying, the facts of the old history, based on the human feelings of this world, the theory of the three religions should be irreversible. Therefore, for two thousand years, the Chinese nation has been deeply influenced by Confucianism, which is really not as good as Buddhism and Taoism in terms of public and private life of institutional law and theoretical thinking. "
A careful analysis of China's ideological history reveals that Confucianism is the main influencing factor in practice, while Buddhism and Taoism are the decisive factor in knowledge. The most profound culture with China characteristics lurking behind them is the ethical things such as the Three Cardinals and Six Disciplines.
As far as Buddhism is concerned, its theory and practice also have two aspects: knowing and doing. The most fundamental teachings of primitive Buddhism, such as impermanence, selflessness, suffering and twelve causes, all belong to knowledge. Between knowing and doing, the eight meanings and four noble truths include both knowing and doing. Practicing Buddha worship, nirvana, jumping out of samsara and other activities closely related to knowledge are completely unethical. After it was spread to China, its thought of "no father, no gentleman" was completely opposed to China's Three Cardinals and Six Disciplines. In the fierce impact on China culture, if Buddhism can't adapt to the reality, it can't stand in China, so Buddhism can only make some disguises to survive. In some places in the early Buddhist scriptures, the word "filial piety" was particularly emphasized, that is, the original meaning was distorted to meet the requirements of China's strong discipline culture. It can also be seen that China's profound cultural strength is great and irresistible.
This point has been felt by domestic scholars.
Mr. Feng Youlan said: "_ _ _ _ Culture values heaven and stresses &; Lsquo it snows &; rsquo； ; Most of what Buddhism says is after death. Such as hell, reincarnation, etc. This is&; Lsquo ghost science rsquo, talking about ghosts; The culture of China is about &; Lsquo anthropology rsquo, people-oriented. "
In fact, Confucius is the representative of this opinion. "Zi does not talk about the strange, powerful, chaotic and divine things" is proof. He himself said, "If you don't know life, you won't know death."
In my opinion, the characteristics of China culture are most obviously reflected in the culture with profound meaning, which is its ethical color, its three cardinal principles and six disciplines and the spirit of solving the relationship between people.
(Excerpted from Ji Xianlin's "Mr. Chen Yinque's Moral Articles")
15. The following analysis and understanding of the content of the article, the correct one is ()
A. The narrow culture is contained in the broad culture, while the deep culture is the same thing that generally exists in the narrow and broad fields.
B the most essential thing in national culture, simplicity, simplicity, exquisiteness, implication, elegance, no quotation and no carving, is the characteristic of Japanese profound culture.
C. The connotation of China culture can be discussed from the category of national psychology or philosophy. The author thinks that there is a profound China culture behind the two parts of culture: knowledge and action.
D the most profound culture with China characteristics is the ethical things such as the Three Cardinals and Six Disciplines hidden behind the two schools of Buddhism and Taoism.
16. The following analysis of Buddhist culture is incorrect ().
A There are two aspects in Buddhist culture, namely "knowledge" and "behavior", among which "practice, worship, nirvana and jumping out of samsara" are closely related to "knowledge", and these "behaviors" are immoral.
B although Buddhism mostly talks about so-called "ghost learning" such as hell and reincarnation, its influence on China people's daily life from ancient times to the present is no less than that of traditional Confucianism.
C. After Buddhism was introduced into China, it made some disguises to survive and put on the cloak of ethics, which shows that the power of traditional morality such as discipline and ethics in China is irresistible.
D primitive Buddhism did not emphasize "filial piety", but emphasized impermanence, selflessness, bitterness, twelve karma and other doctrines. then, under the impact of China's precepts and culture, it had to distort its original meaning to survive.
17. The title of this article is "The Connotation of China Culture". Please combine the full text to summarize the author's views on "the connotation of China culture". (4 points)
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Answers to Chinese extracurricular reading in senior one:
15.C
16.B
17. China culture consists of "knowledge" and "behavior", and the profound culture with the most China cultural characteristics is the ethics behind "knowledge" and "behavior" (three cardinal guides and six disciplines).
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Extracurricular reading of Chinese in senior one (2)
Liu's paintings and calligraphy are bright and bright, heavy and clever, skilled in techniques, profound in pen and ink skills, vivid in writing, lyrical in painting and far-reaching in ancient meaning. Between the lines of pen and ink, there is a thick book spirit, and there is a kind of power to travel through time and space, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.
Calligraphy and painting are of the same origin, and Mr. Wang's calligraphy and painting complement each other. The line art of calligraphy, dry, dark and clever ink skills provide a solid foundation and fresh air for painting. Calligraphy also integrates the natural spirit into painting, which is smart. Mr. Wang's calligraphy styles are different, especially cursive. The main students are Wang Xianzhi, Wang Duo, Huai Su and Huang Tingjian. The grass method is familiar to the heart, the pen is flying, self-contained, ups and downs, vertical and horizontal meaning, vertical and horizontal characters, forming a general trend, quite verve. The lines used are simple, free to flow out, generous and lively, without procrastination and rhythm; Follow the rules without embarrassment, and the natural frankness is true and simple, which is intriguing.
Mr. Wang painted a wide range of subjects. Mountains and rivers, flowers and birds can do anything. The landscape is magnificent, vast and boundless, with vigorous lines, reasonable layout, elegant style and changeable ink color, which makes people feel ethereal, wonderful, dense, lush or warm and cordial. There is a poetic temperament of literati painting and a unique pen and ink language.
Mr. Wang's works are full of temperament, which is probably related to his attitude towards art. Apart from the factors of talent and diligence, it is more his sincerity and sincere heart for art. He loved painting and calligraphy since childhood, and it is this natural love for art that prompted him not to put down his pen in the winter when pen and ink became ice chips. He ran around the village several times to keep warm just to write. At that time, the paper could only be newspapers or toilet paper that were hard to find everywhere.
In the most lush age of life, this winter has always been with him, not to mention the spring season. /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/8, and the troops arrived were only a relatively closed army. Because he can write and draw, he got the job of showing movies. At that time, we not only had to draw posters and put slides, but also ran around with heavy machines on our backs. Mr. Wang's strong physique is closely related to his running around at that time. He is interested in reading, writing and painting. The next company put a movie gap and went deep into Bashan Xiushui and the deep mountains and forests. The scenery in front of him became his best sketch material. After the screening, his time was filled with these wonderful things. For those copybooks and picture books from the city, he devoted all his enthusiasm and love, copied them repeatedly and tirelessly. This obsession, deeply hidden in a military camp full of military regulations, lasted for more than ten years.
God helps those who help themselves. Later, Mr. Wang met the famous calligrapher Sun Zhuli. Mr. Sun is a master of painting and calligraphy. Influenced by his artistic spirit, Mr. Wang walked out of amateur hard training, saw that understanding and diligence have the same bright spot, deepened his understanding of art, and later met Lu and two influential teachers, who always remembered their wisdom. This is why he has never neglected the accumulation of literature and philosophy for decades. They all agree that art always needs deep foundation support to maintain its vitality forever.
He walked on the road of exploration for decades, smelling chickens dancing and keeping company with calligraphy and painting. If it is not the sincerity of art, why did it come to this day?
His life, like others, is not smooth. He always accepts it silently, turns everything into fantasy and melts into his artistic life. The massiness in his works may be telling something &; hellip& amphellip
"If you think about everything, you can face yourself calmly." He speaks easily, but his soft words are full of power. Just like his works, what his people say and do makes people feel his great feelings. "I will walk until the water checks my way, and then sit and watch the rising clouds."
Whether it is a book or a painting, Mr. Wang already has a relatively obvious personal face, but he may have more expectations for himself. I have heard him say many times that I will use the next few years to concentrate on deepening traditions and classics, combing and adjusting my creation, perfecting cursive script, official script and landscape, and striving for further self-leap.
(Selected from Biography of Celebrities, with deletion)
(1) The following analysis and summary of biographies, the two most appropriate ones are (5 points) ().
A. Liu's paintings and calligraphy have a faint power to travel through time and space, which makes people feel comfortable and carefree, and fully shows his achievements in painting and calligraphy.
B Because he loves calligraphy and painting, when he was a child, he practiced calligraphy in the winter when ink and writing pens formed ice chips, using newspapers or toilet paper that he had worked hard to find everywhere.
C. Because he had to run around with heavy machines on his back when showing movies, he developed a strong body. Taking advantage of the gap between films, he found the best sketch material.
Lu He and his two teachers have a profound influence on Liu, giving him a profound artistic foundation and supporting Liu's literary and philosophical accumulation for decades.
E. whether it is books or paintings, Mr. Liu has his own distinctive style. In order to deepen the tradition and classics, he spent several years sorting out and adjusting his own creation, striving for further self-leap.
(2) What are the characteristics of Mr. Liu's painting and calligraphy art? Please summarize the content of the article. (6 points)
(3) The author says that Mr. Liu's artistic achievements are "more due to his sincerity and sincerity in art than his talent and diligence". How is this expressed in the article? Please analyze it briefly. (6 points)
(4) Liu quoted: "If you think about everything, you can face yourself calmly." How to understand this sentence? Please explore this. (8 points)
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Answers to Chinese extracurricular reading in senior one:
(1) A gives 3 points, C gives 2 points, and B gives 1 point; Answer d.e. does not give points.
(2)① The lines used in calligraphy art are simple, flowing freely, vivid, not procrastinating, and very rhythmic; Follow the rules without embarrassment, and the natural frankness is true and simple, which is intriguing. ② Painting has a wide range of subjects, and landscapes, flowers and birds are omnipotent. Landscape painting is magnificent and boundless, with vigorous lines, reasonable layout, elegant style and changeable ink color. It not only has the temperament of literati painting for poetry, but also has a unique pen and ink language. (3 points per point)
(3) (1) He loved painting and calligraphy since childhood, and he had a natural love for art and worked hard for it. After joining the army, he devoted himself to reading, writing and painting, and devoted all his enthusiasm and love to those copybooks and picture books from the city. (3) Learn from the famous calligrapher Sun Zhuli. Influenced by his artistic spirit, he stepped out of amateur hard training and deepened his understanding of understanding and diligence.
(4) Life is an attitude. As long as we can have a clear understanding of life and understand the meaning of life, we can face life calmly and realize our own life value. (2 points) It is precisely because of Mr. Liu's understanding of this point in his artistic practice for many years that he finally showed his unique style in his works, showing the great feelings of "I will walk until the water stops me, and then sit and watch Yun Qi". (3 points) Therefore, no matter what you do, you should face it with a normal heart and have a deep understanding of life while constantly improving your own realm. (3 points)