The right thought and the right pen
Liu Gongquan's famous book theory proposition is "people write correctly", which is known to almost everyone who studies books; The comments of "Yan Liu Jin Gu" are also widely known. Liu Gongquan's euphemistic suggestion to Tang Muzong is "be honest with your heart". This famous saying can be understood from the following two aspects. The first is to analyze the relationship between personality and calligraphy from the perspective of ethics. Confucianism attaches great importance to ethics. In the cultural coordinates of Confucianism, calligraphy is regarded as a kind of "mind study". Liu Xizai's "Art Outline" said: "Therefore, books are also learned." This origin comes from the Han Dynasty. Yang Xiong's "Ask God through the Eyes" goes: "Words are also, and the heart is also; Books, heart paintings. Sound painting, gentlemen and villains see. Sound painter, gentlemen and villains are so emotional! " Yang Xiong believes that "books" communicate with the inner world. A gentleman can reveal beauty from this "heart painting" of a book, and a villain can also reveal his true colors in this "heart painting". During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhong You said in Calligraphy: "Handwriting is also bounded; Beauty is also a person. " Liu Gongquan enriched and developed this thought. His theory of "correcting the heart and writing correctly" links the relationship between personality, morality and calligraphy with new propositions, which is not only a portrayal of the great calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, but also a successful "pen remonstration" and has achieved certain results. This has aroused great interest and praise from later scholars. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi wrote in Ceng Yun's poems: "Why is it that the family law is in a hurry, when you want to see sincerity?" ("Liu Er's nephew asks for a book") Zhao Yan said in the Yuan Dynasty: "You Jun once wrote" The Book of Changing Goose ",which is a fairy book with clear pronunciation and mellow voice. Seeing Liu Dezheng, the Millennium pen is still famous. " (The original text of "Hanging Regular Script in Tang Liucheng (Du)") and so on. Not only that, but later generations also expounded this theory. In Ming Dynasty, Xiangmu formed the calligraphy order of "Zhengxin Zhengzi Zhengzi" from "Zhengxin Zhengzi", and thought that "Zhengxin" should be regarded as "sincerity", "knowledge" and "style". Then, through "faithfulness" to achieve "further study", calligraphy can also produce new ideas, wonderful meanings and strange meanings (see Elegant Words and Mind in Calligraphy). There is a "study of mind" in the history of philosophy. Both Song Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Ming Shouren regard "mind" as the origin of all things in the universe, and put forward "the learning of sage, the learning of mind and the mutual giving and receiving of Yao Shunyu". Liu Xizai in Qing Dynasty said, "Books are like. If you study, if you are talented, if you are ambitious, in short, you are like a person. " "Pen and ink, all by people's temperament. If you are a rational person, the first thing in the book. " ("Art Outline") These are closely related to "correct mind and correct pen".
"Righteousness and integrity" emphasizes the calligrapher's character cultivation.
"The meaning of heart and pen" emphasizes the calligrapher's character cultivation, and later generations often take character as one of the criteria for evaluating books. Su Shi once said: "Liu Zi is correct and the pen is correct. This is not only ironic, but also reasonable. Although the little people in the world are good at calligraphy, their facial expressions are always flattering and ungrateful, just like Zi Han's so-called axe thief. Hide the truth. However, if people still hate their books, they will know. " (Dongpo Inscription and Postscript) Therefore, Cai Jing, a traitor in the Song Dynasty, was excluded by calligraphers because of his despicable character. This proposition profoundly reveals the complex and subtle relationship between calligraphy and calligrapher's inner world from the perspective of creation, and is also the externalization and expression of calligrapher's personality in calligraphy. From this, we can also observe the calligrapher's mentality and make an appropriate evaluation of his works.
Analysis from the calligraphy technique itself.
Liang Qing Shu Tong's "On the Book of Polonian and the Book of Kong Fu Ancient Yuan" said: "The heart is right and the pen is right. Most of the predecessors took Taoism as their solution, but the only brother did not. As long as you use a very soft wool to drop paper, you are not afraid of irregularity, careless control, superficial trance, and natural silence. "In fact, not only in Liang Dynasty, but as early as Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui said in the section of" Using a Pen "in Continued Book Spectrum that" the mind is right and the pen is right "and" the intention is before the pen, and the word is behind the heart "are all famous sayings. In Qing Dynasty, Zhou Xinglian wrote Ceng Yun in My View of Linchi: Liu Gongquan said that "the mind is right and the pen is right". The pen is straight and the front is easy to be straight, and the middle is sharp. He added: "The ancients said that the mind is constant and calm, and the calm is the wrist movement, and the wrist movement is the pen end. The pen end is filled with ink, and the ink injection is the heart coagulation, and the heart coagulation is self-cultivation, unintentional and full-hearted, and it is illegal and the whole law. This is a natural effort, which saves a lot of words and suggestions. Once and for all. "It is not unreasonable to comment on these technologies. But its importance is not as important as the "personality" theory.
Aspects of Yan Liu Jin Gu
The predecessors commented that Yan Zhenqing's ci was full of "sinews" and Liu Gongquan's ci was full of "bones", so it was called "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Song Fan Zhongyan entrusted Shi: "The pen to prolong life, Yan Gu." The word "bone" means strong and magnificent. Mrs. Jin Wei's "Pen Map" said: "Those who are good at strength are skinny, and those who are not good at strength are fleshy; The skinny and fleshy one is called Jin Shu, and the fat and fleshy one is called Ink Pig. " There are many people who talk about "bone" in the history of calligraphy. Taking "a little like a falling stone" as an example, it refers to the power to unite the past movements. This is the expression of the artist's heart, but it is not nervous, but powerful and delicate. This is the so-called "bone". Zong Baihuayun, a modern aesthete, said: Bone is a powerful and prominent pen and ink, which exerts a kind of power from the inside. Although we don't talk about perspective, we can have a three-dimensional sense and have a moving power, aesthetics and artistic conception for us. The word "tendons and veins" has multiple meanings, either referring to the style of writing, or referring to the connection and strength of tendons and veins when writing a book. Tendon is also associated with meat, which is called "tendon". Yan and Liu Ye said that the remarkable characteristics of comparing them are: Yan Shu has many muscles, but he is not boneless, and Yan Zhenqing's book also emphasizes the power of bones; Liu Shu's bones are bare, but they are not meatless, but tend to be thin, and Liu Gongquan attaches great importance to bone method. The word "willow bone" can still be understood as: (1) bone strength. Liu Gongquan is most obsessed with the embodiment of bone strength, carefully running against the trend, carefully protecting his head and hiding his tail, and concentrating his power on his lines. He strengthened his wrist and straightened his brushwork, such as "Tapping Sand" and "Yin Yinni". His brushwork is pressing, not pecking, in a tight vertical pen; Kick off, Chang Xun makes the front spear; At the turning point and pen change, [Title]: Yan [Pinyin]: yán jρn Li G [Interpretation]: Yan: calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty; Liu: Liu Gongquan, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Liu's and Yan Liu's calligraphy are both powerful, but their styles are different. Also known as excellent calligraphy. [Example]: None [Source]: Song Zhongyan's Bachelor of Arts in "Sacrificing Stone": "The pen of Yan Gu." Yan: Yan Zhenqing, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty; Liu: Liu Gongquan, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Liu's and Yan Liu's calligraphy are both powerful, but their styles are different. Also known as excellent calligraphy. @ It is said that Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan, great calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, have vigorous words. It also refers to Mo Bao. Tendons-also called Yan Rou and Liu Gu-actually mean that Yan's calligraphy is full and straight, and Liu's calligraphy strokes are clear and bony. The hero of the story: Yan Zhenqing Liu Gongquan.
See Baidu Encyclopedia for details:
/view/ 150924.htm