One characteristic is the ambition of Confucianism to serve the country, and "scholars take the world as their own duty", which is a beautiful tradition of Confucianism of China scholars. When he was a child, he studied the biography of Hou Han Fan Pang. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fan Pang was an upright man. When the Party was in trouble, he had a useful ambition. When he was appointed as the special envoy of the Qing Dynasty, he wanted to make a career, and he had the ambition to clarify the world. In the face of persecution, he did not escape, did not compromise, did not please, and paid his life. Su Dongpo was very excited. He asked his mother, can you be Fan Pang's mother? Because if a person wants to have good moral character and integrity, he must have the test of wealth and longevity, and he can't have both. Mother readily agreed. Su Mu, the adopted son's mother-in-law, and Ouyang Xiu's mother, who painted her adopted son, are all models of mother education. Therefore, when Wang Anshi's new party was in power, Su Dongpo was meticulous; Sima guang's old party did not obey when he was in power. No matter what kind of political persecution, as long as he returned to the imperial court, he still adhered to his political ideals and suffered numerous exiles, but his ideals and ethics never changed.
Su Dongpo also has the other side of self-cultivation, which is both free and easy of Taoism and far-reaching broadmindedness. He read "Zhuangzi" and said, "The mountain shot from the ancient hill is inhabited by immortals, whose skin is like ice and snow and graceful as a virgin. ..... I have been immersed in the sky without drowning, and I have been caught in drought, and the mountains are scorched but not hot. " ("Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour") This is the ethics of spiritual self-protection. In addition, Master Zhuangzi knows how to kill time between cattle and people, and the ever-changing Kun Peng in Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour is lofty, unrestrained and broad-minded ... He said, "I used to read things, but now I see books, which won my heart." It is a realm to be able to integrate the best character and cultivation of Confucianism and Taoism into one's own cultivation!
A person can only see his emotional character and integrity in difficulties and obstacles. China's great poet not only writes poems, but also practices his great personality through his life's actions. China's classical poetry is the poetry with this feeling, and it is also the most powerful poetry. Su Dongpo disapproves of the new party and the old party. When he was in the New Party, he was demoted to Hangzhou and sentenced for being outspoken. He moved from Hangzhou to Mizhou, then to Xuzhou and then to Huzhou. I wrote a thank-you note when I was in Huzhou. He said: "I don't know the times, so it's difficult to keep up with the newcomers." I'm getting old, so I'd better keep the king. " And this thank-you letter was accepted, thinking that he had the intention of slandering the court, and that Wutai poetry case was convicted of poetry. After he went to prison, a group of little people collected his poems and extracted the words from them, thinking that they had slandered the court. For example, it is said that cypress not only has a straight trunk that grows on the ground, but also has its roots. Even in the depths of Jiuquan, people can't see it. However, the underground roots are not bent, and this hidden and unknown loyalty is only known by dragons lurking underground. The son of heaven is a dragon in the sky, so what does it mean to have a dragon underground? So he thought he was rebellious and almost executed.
Su Dongpo bid farewell to his younger brother Su Ziyue in prison. In the poem, he said: "The night is sad when the frost is on the white platform, and the wind is low. The dream is like a cloud around a deer, and the soul flies like a chicken. " Fortunately, Emperor Zongshen was not a really bad king. Su Dongpo was not put to death, but was banished to Huangzhou to be Ying Yong's deputy, and he was down and out. Later, someone spoke for him, and then he opened a piece of land in Dongpo residence, cultivated by himself and lived a hard life. However, at this time, a large number of famous works of generate, in addition to the before and after the Red Cliff Fu, Nian Nujiao does not return to the river, and the Assembly Storm. Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest ","shooting wild shallow waves, the sky is covered with faint clouds "("Xijiang Moon ") ... After suffering, I also wrote such a flying, natural, broad and ultra-open work. This is Su Dongpo.
In a letter to a friend, Su Dongpo said, "Although we are old and poor, our truth is deep in our hearts, and our loyalty fills our bones. In do or die, we must talk and laugh. If you see a poor servant, you will be in the city, and you will be far from those who don't learn the Tao. " (Book with Li Gongze) Wen Tianxiang said: "Confucius said that we should be benevolent, and Mencius said that we should take justice, but only when benevolence is exhausted, so benevolence is the best. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, my son is innocent. " ("Self-praise") "Who adorns the clouds and the moon, the sky and the sea are clear", this is the sentence in the poem "Crossing the sea on the evening of June 20" he wrote when crossing the sea in Hainan, and all the sufferings are laughed off! When his eyes are dim, "floating eyes are scattered, and countless hearts are blooming." (Lonely Sleep) My old eyes are dim, and all the scenery outside is blurred, just like being shrouded in clouds, but there are peaches and plums in my heart. This is a self-cultivation of keeping outside and keeping inside.
How did Su Dongpo learn ci? He has the ambition of Confucianism to use the world, and he is committed to the strategies in Zongshen. He once wrote it twice before and after, and it was famous for a while. Because he opposed the ruling new party, he was demoted to Hangzhou for a general sentence. After political frustration, I wrote some small words with my spare pen. Su Dongpo has made great achievements in poetry, calligraphy and prose. Yu Liwei is the best choice of his ci, which has influenced the style of his ci, showing an ultra-broad feature. Because both Confucianism and Taoism are "poor, they are immune to it, and those who reach it help the world" ("Mencius"). When you are outstanding, you will have the ideal of "helping the world". When you are down and out, you will have a broad mind of Taoism, and you will not be defeated by this kind of suffering.
In addition, Su Dongpo's ci was influenced by Liu Yong and Ouyang Xiu. Liu Yong's "Sprinkle rain on the river at dusk and wash the autumn." The frost wind is getting tighter, the river is cold, and the afterglow is the building. "Su Dongpo once praised Liu Yong's broad and lofty vision, saying that his poems did not belittle the height of the Tang Dynasty. Influenced by him, Su Shi's poems are broad and broad, and they are all about mountains and rivers. As for Ouyang Xiu's influence on Su Dongpo, Feng Xu once said: "Ouyang Wenzhong's ci and Yan are both from the Southern Tang Dynasty, but they are too late. Keep your eyes open, keep your eyes open and swim less. "Ouyang Xiu influenced Su Dongpo in two aspects: First, it was sparse. Ouyang Xiu's "Picking Mulberry Seeds": "Who knows that leisure depends on the dry place and the grass is inclined. The water is far away and the smoke is far away, and a little Cangzhou egret flies. "Flying in the sky is lofty, broad and lofty, which coincides with Su Dongpo's super-openness; The other is fun. Ouyang Xiu can dispel his sadness and bitterness and adopt a loving attitude towards everything in the universe. Su Dongpo is often full of enjoyment.
Most of the ancients evaluated Su Dongpo's development in Ci, such as:
? Su Dongpo sometimes only writes about the lofty ideals of talented people, not about the feelings of his children. This is a great development in the field of ci. Ye Jiaying thinks that the development from the small ci in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to Su Dongpo is the peak of Ci studies.
But on the other hand, Su Shi's achievement is Shao Xiu, and Zhou's comments say:
(Remarks: The text is arranged in Ye Jiaying's Seventeen Lectures on Tang Poetry and Song Poetry)