Legend has it that Peng Zu lived 800 years. It can be heard that it was 60 days as a "one-year-old" at that time, but in fact it was about 130 years old.
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Sun Simiao, the drug king, died in 14 1.
Author: Zhao Rongjun
(A senior teacher in Luoyang, a member of Luoyang Laozi and Zhuangzi Society)
In the history of Taoism in China, Sun Simiao was the only Taoist who was famous for his medical skills, and was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations. There is a "drug king temple" in Taoist temple, while there are "drug king temples" all over the people. Sun Simiao was a medical scientist at first. Because of his understanding of medicine and superb medical skills, he was appointed as an official by the court. Secondly, there is a mysterious "real person" who is noble in virtue, skilled in medical skills, attaches importance to health preservation and helps others. He lived 100 years old and was called "immortal" by later generations. Third, he is a real Taoist, selfless and without desire, only paying attention to dedication, not taking, not seeking glory.
One is the poor, eager to explore the immortal road.
Sun Simiao, a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province), lived in Datong for seven years (AD 54 1) and was born in a poor peasant family in the west. His parents support their families by farming and textile.
Sun Simiao suffered from cold since childhood, was short of clothes and food, was emaciated and often fell ill. In order to seek medical treatment, he almost spent all his family income and land.
Sun Simiao entered school at the age of seven. Because of his cleverness, he can read more than 1000 words every day, which is highly valued by teachers. When I was seventeen or eighteen, I accumulated a lot of knowledge. I like reading Laozi, Zhuangzi and Hundred Schools of Thought, and I also like Buddhist classics very much. On one occasion, Du, the general manager of Luozhou (Luoyang), passed by Huayuan and came across this child who loves learning. He was very surprised and said, "This is a holy boy!" " But I deeply feel that he is highly knowledgeable and comes from a poor family, and will not be used again in the future.
In the late Zhou Dynasty (A.D. 579) under the rule of Xuan Di, there were many troubles and social unrest in the imperial court. Sun Simiao lives in seclusion in Taibai Mountain in Qinling Mountains. At that time, the general Emperor Wen of Sui assisted the imperial court and appointed Sun Simiao as a national doctor. Sun Simiao refused to take office because of illness. He once said to a man, "In 50 years, when a saint appears, I will come out to help him and help the living."
Sun Simiao continued to study Taoist classics in Taibai Mountain, and found a way to keep fit by taking food. At the same time, I read many medical books and studied ancient medical prescriptions. He thinks that Tao is inside, not outside. A person can achieve the goal of cultivation as long as he concentrates on calming his breath and refining his breath to keep fit, even without the guidance of a master. Therefore, Sun Simiao refused secular contact and devoted himself to Taoist practice, never stopping to sum up the valuable experience of predecessors' practice. In the end, he became a Taoist who abided by the rules and taught himself without a teacher.
Sun Simiao constantly summed up the experience of Xiandao. He believes that in Xiu De, a monk must accumulate good deeds, and the more good deeds, the higher the level of immortals. He chose the medical treatment of "saving lives and healing the wounded", and also formulated the standards of "saving lives and healing the wounded" and "no desire and no desire", accumulating good deeds and striving to become immortal. Medicine is inseparable from medicine. In order to understand the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines, he went deep into the old forests of Taibai Mountain, Zhong Nanshan and Emei Mountain, looking for drug farmers, collecting them from various sources and summarizing them by classification. Later, more than 800 kinds of herbs in his medical books were accumulated during this period.
Sun Simiao attaches great importance to private medical experience, constantly accumulates interviews and records them in time. He collected more than 6,500 unilateral prescriptions, proven prescriptions and famous prescriptions, which are clearly recorded in his books Yao Qianqian Fang and Qian Qianyi Fang, which shows the depth of his kung fu.
The ruling and opposition parties handed down from generation to generation, and wrote down the handed down book.
Sun Simiao became a famous folk Taoist doctor in the late Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty.
In the tenth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign (AD 636), Emperor Taizong issued an invitation to Sun Simiao. Sun Simiao had expected that this was what he called a "saint" who appeared fifty years ago, so he came to Chang 'an with a letter. When Emperor Taizong saw Sun Simiao, who was nearly a hundred years old, his face was ruddy and his appearance was not big. He was furious and said, "Those who know can be respected. Admiring the door and Guangcheng (both ancient immortals) are not empty!" And intends to grant the title, Sun Simiao resolutely declined. At that time, Prime Minister Wei Zhi was appointed to write the history books of the previous generation. Because the relevant historical materials were inaccurate, he consulted Sun Simiao and Sun Simiao many times. "Word of mouth is like a witness".
In the third year of Yonghui, Tang Gaozong (AD 652), Sun Simiao wrote "A Thousand Daughters Should Be Urgent" based on his many years of medical experience and understanding of ancient and modern times, with 39 volumes, 323 doors and 5,300 prescriptions and theories. Its contents include diagnosis and treatment, acupuncture, guidance, massage and so on, which is quite comprehensive. Put forward the Taoist medical viewpoint of "human life is the most important". The specific treatment of beriberi is recorded in the book, which is earlier than that of Europeans 1000 years. He put the theme of women and children at the beginning of the volume to attract people's attention; Sun Simiao saw the compound prescription, one side can cure many diseases or many methods can cure one disease.
In the fourth year of Yonghui (AD 653), the plague spread all over the country, which was difficult to control for a while. Some monks and Taoists took the opportunity to cheat patients with "secret pills" and "magic drugs" and made a fortune. In April this year, the court ordered the whole country to ban monks and Taoist doctors from treating people, and offenders would be prosecuted. Sun Simiao learned the news and lived in seclusion in Wutai Mountain in the east of Yaoxian County. In Wutai Mountain, in addition to practicing Qigong, he also carefully refined alchemy and potions to treat diseases for the people in the future.
Sun Simiao, like Ge Hong and Tao Hongjing, absorbed the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, enriched Taoism and advocated the unity of the three religions. To this end, he wrote Single Crystal, Scripture, On Fulu, Calculation of Five Trillions, Tang Ming Sutra, and annotated Laozi and Zhuangzi, which made contributions to Taoism.
In the second year of Xianqing (AD 657), the imperial edict Xu and others, together with famous doctors, wrote Tang Xin Materia Medica. The following year, Sun Simiao was called to Chang 'an and lived in the former residence of Princess Poyang. In the process of compiling New Materia Medica, he not only revised Tao Hongjing's Materia Medica and Records of Famous Doctors, but also added more than 100 kinds of herbs that he used to be effective. In April of the fourth year of Qing Dynasty (AD 659), Tang Benxin was compiled, which was the first national pharmacopoeia in the world, with 55 volumes and 844 kinds of drugs. As a result of Sun Simiao's contribution, Li Bai of Tang Gaozong personally summoned him and awarded him the position of "remonstrance doctor". Sun Simiao refused to accept his resignation, and Sun Simiao was willing to work in the Palace Provincial Pharmacy Bureau. Therefore, Gao Zongqin named him Cheng Wulang. This Cheng Wulang belongs to the official who sent Lu Wen from Bapin and enjoys national treatment. Shang pharmacy has no specific task, but only guides doctors to diagnose diseases and use drugs. Sun Simiao in this position, because of the abundant time, research medical classics.
With his noble medical ethics and superb knowledge, Sun Simiao traveled with Emperor Gaozong many times and made many celebrities at that time. Calligrapher Song and medical scientist Meng E both asked this question. Xie, an acupuncturist, and Wei Cicang, a pharmacologist, often go to Sun Simiao to learn knowledge and medical skills.
Under special circumstances, Sun Simiao also treated court officials. Zhao of Dali Temple suffers from rheumatic knee arthritis and can't kneel down when entering the DPRK. After Sun's acupuncture treatment, all the patients were removed in the weather one month later. Lu, one of the "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty", was terminally ill and could not go to his post. He fell ill in Chang 'an, but was cured by Sun. Lu Shi learned medical skills such as pushing stairs, guiding astronomy and keeping in good health from Simiao. Lu later became one of the famous "Ten Friends of Immortals" in the Tang Dynasty.
In the sixth year of Tang Gaozong (AD 66 1 year), Emperor Gaozong abdicated and Wu Zetian "called the system". Sun Simiao once left Beijing to live in seclusion in Songshan Mountain. One year there was no rain, and Wu Zetian sent a letter to choose a noble monk to pray for rain, which was invalid; Helpless, I had to ask Sun Simiao to enter the palace and set up an altar in the inner hall to pray. It rained heavily that night. Si Miao said, "I've been practicing my mind for fifty years, and I don't know if it's heaven. Er Longyi and Luo told me: How can you become immortal without doing something beneficial to the country and the people? " Later, I wrote Qian Jin Fang, which spread all over the world.
In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozong (AD 673), Emperor Gaozong fell ill and called Sun Simiao into the palace, which attracted the attention of Emperor Gaozong. In the first year of Shangyuan (AD 674), Sun Simiao planned to supplement the book "A Thousand Daughters to the Prescription" and requested permission to return to the mountain under the pretext of illness. Emperor Gaozong felt that he had been loyal to the palace for sixteen years, so he gave Ma Liang and Princess Poyang a fief. Later, Sun Simiao returned to Wutai Mountain in Huayuan. In the first year of Yao Kai (AD 68 1), he wrote 30 volumes of Thousand Girls and Wings. This winter, Sun Simiao died of illness at the age of 14 1 year.
Sun Simiao's will made his disciples bury him very thin, with no hidden utensils and no sacrifices. After more than a month's death, her face looks like she is alive, and the color remains the same. When they entered the coffin, they found their clothes empty. People think it's strange. They all think that the body has become immortal.
There are 77 kinds of Sun Simiao's handed down works, plus some abridged versions, totaling 86 kinds. Among them, the most famous "Thousand Women" and "Thousand Women's Wings" are regarded as medical classics by later generations.
In the second year of Tang Gaozong Xianheng (AD 672), the "Thousand Women's Prescription" spread to Japan and was regarded as a national treasure.
In the third year of Song Yingzong Pingzhi (A.D. 1066), Lin Yifeng wrote and revised "A Thousand Daughters' Prescriptions", which was published worldwide.
In the 4th year of Xuanhe in Song Huizong (A.D. 1 124), Guo Si abridged Qian Jin Fang into Qian Jin Fang, and carved stones in Huazhou government offices.
In the 6th year of Jingtai in Ming Daizong (A.D. 1455), Yang Shengxian's woodcut was handed down from generation to generation.
Ming Muzong lived in Qin Long for six years (A.D. 1572) and carved the stone tablets of "Yibaofang" and "Haitu" on Wutai Mountain.
At the end of Tang Dynasty, people called Wutai Mountain "Wang Yaoshan" and built "Wang Yao Temple".
Song Huizong named Sun Simiao a "real person", Ming Shizong named him a "prime minister" and Qing Shunzhi named him a "imperial doctor". From then on, Sun Simiao, the drug king, became a household name.