How to cultivate students’ innovative spirit and practical ability
General Secretary Jiang said at the National Education Work Conference on June 15, 1999: “Facing the challenges of the rapid development of science and technology in the world , We must put the enhancement of national innovation ability at a high level that is related to the survival of the Chinese nation. Education has a special mission in cultivating the national innovative spirit and cultivating creative talents. "We must change the kind that hinders students' innovative spirit and innovation." Educational concepts and educational models for ability development...". Innovation is to transform existing things and things into new things and things, so that their functions and properties can be updated. Cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability is an important part of quality education. Here are some superficial insights on how to cultivate students’ innovative spirit and practical ability.
1. How to cultivate students’ innovative spirit
Innovative spirit is consciousness and concept. It is manifested in the desire and pursuit of knowledge; not being stuck in the past and being determined to reform; the orientation of self-worth, that is, self-understanding; flexible and orderly thinking; and personal willpower and perseverance, etc. These factors constitute people's innovative spirit. Cultivating students' innovative spirit means grasping various elements, rooting them in students' minds through various school activities, forming solid consciousness and concepts, and achieving what Comrade Deng Yingchao said: "People are small and have high ambitions, and they are determined to create." Be prepared today and make contributions tomorrow. ”
1. Educate students to establish the idea that knowledge is power and knowledge is the basis of creation
Knowledge is the basis of creation. The more solid the basic knowledge, the better the knowledge. The wider the surface, the stronger the creative ability. Indian Prime Minister Sisa Bandar invented chess. The king wanted to reward him and asked him what he wanted. He said that he would put 1 grain of wheat on the first square, 2 grains on the second square, and each subsequent square would be twice the size of the previous square. , just fill up all 64 cells. The king thought that a prime minister only wanted to realize such a small wish, so he was very angry and ordered to reward him. Calculation of the first result: 1+2+22+23+34+…+261+262+363+=18,446,744,073,719,511,615 grains of wheat, which is equal to the total wheat produced in the world for two thousand years. This frightened the king. A teacher knew about it and suggested to the king: "Open the warehouse and let him count the grains one by one!" Why? The teacher said: "It takes 1 second to get one grain of wheat, so it will take 580 billion years for the prime minister to get all the wheat that was rewarded to him. Don't you think you can produce so much wheat in 580 billion years? He doesn't have such a longevity either!" King I was overjoyed after hearing this. The prime minister knew about it and thought that the king was a wise gentleman, so he did not want the king's reward.
In the well-known story of the Three Kingdoms, Kong Ming borrowed arrows and made one hundred thousand arrows in three days, and he was still alive and dead. What power did Kong Ming rely on to complete these one hundred thousand arrows? Is it manpower? No, it relies on knowledge, relying on his knowledge of astronomy and meteorology! Rely on his military knowledge.
How to educate students to enrich themselves with knowledge? First of all, we must accumulate knowledge, give full play to the memory function of the brain and the strong memory of teenagers, and read as much as possible to accumulate knowledge; secondly, we must establish the concept of continuous learning. Society continues to develop, science and technology advance, and knowledge is constantly updated. To keep up with the times, we must You should keep learning and always be a student; again, you should cultivate your own interests and give full play to your own interests and expertise after accepting the basic cultural heritage of mankind. There are many scientists in history who, due to various reasons, did not learn all the subjects very well during their studies at school, but they did very well in the subject they were interested in, and later became successful in this area.
In educational activities, opportunities should also be created for students to use knowledge and realize the role of knowledge. There are students in an elementary school who want to plant trees on a hillside. The teacher first asks the students to measure the length and width, and stipulates that one tree should be planted every 5 meters. The students are asked to calculate how many trees to plant. The teacher also asks the students to divide the tree holes, and finally dig holes. Plant trees. Some students calculated correctly, and some calculated incorrectly. Let them go to the field to verify, which reflects the role of knowledge.
2. Encourage students to stand on the shoulders of famous people
When people treat their own work, no matter how long they have been doing it or how familiar they are, they should treat it as a stranger and always regard it as unfamiliar. As an object of research, we should not be content with the status quo, being old-fashioned and dissatisfied with the conclusions and results of our predecessors. Instead, we should stand on the shoulders of our predecessors and celebrities and continue to develop.
There are many examples in this regard. Galileo did not believe in the conclusion of Aristotle, the authoritative thinker of ancient Greece: when objects of different weights fall from the sky, the speed is proportional to their weight. The heavier ones fall faster and the lighter ones fall slower. He invented the law of free fall. . Darwin did not believe in the nonsense of "God created man" and founded the theory of evolution; Copernicus did not believe in the thousand-year iron law "geocentric theory" and founded the "heliocentric theory". All operations in mathematics are done from left to right. Why must it be calculated this way? Is there any other way? Shi Fengshou has raised this question since the second grade of elementary school. Can it be counted from right to left? Later, I devoted myself to research and finally summarized Shi Fengshou’s fast algorithm.
We should actively encourage students to express different opinions in teaching, and change from the past teachers who only served as "referees" of teaching to "directors". Change the way of asking questions from "Are you right?" to "Do you have any other opinions?" in the past when asking some answers, conclusions or students' opinions. Although this is a simple question, it will stimulate students' enthusiasm. A teacher organized students to study the fable "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountains" and asked everyone what they thought. Some students said: "We should learn from Yu Gong's fearless spirit and his strong will to not be afraid of difficulties, and the perseverance to work hard until success." At this time, the teacher did not ask whether it was correct. What if he asked the student whether his answer was correct? The student's thinking stopped. But the teacher asked everyone for any other opinions. The students became active. Some said: "Although Yugong's spirit is good, his methods are not good. We should immigrate. Doesn't moving save time and money than moving mountains?" Some said: "It is easier to build a road than to move mountains." There are so many. "... This kind of teaching is a good example of cultivating students to boldly express their own opinions without sticking to the conclusions of their predecessors.
3. Guide students to form the awareness that they are born with talents, and those with talents must be useful
After long-term observation and analysis by psychologists, three out of a thousand people are mentally retarded. The vast majority of people have similar intelligence, which means they are born with talents. The problem is that everyone's environment, education and personal efforts are different, and their development directions are different. No matter which profession you are in, there are opportunities for creation, which means that you will be the best in any profession. Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher from the Tang Dynasty, was walking on Chang'an Avenue one day when he saw a girl making noodles for ramen with dexterous hands. He sighed that it would be a pity not to learn calligraphy with such dexterous hands. An old woman nearby heard this and said: "If everyone goes to write, won't the whole city starve to death?" This story shows that society needs talents in many aspects, and every line of work has its own objects, and they can all Like this girl who can pull gold threads with skillful hands. The Dutch biologist Levink was born in a humble background. He worked as an apprentice, ran a miscellaneous stall, and later became the concierge of the city hall. His hobby was to grind lenses. People laughed at him for being useless, but he put people's ridicule behind him. Once he looked at something through two lenses and found that it became larger, which led to the invention of the microscope.
To make students understand themselves, the key is for teachers to recognize students. Encourage students' every step of progress, so that every student can see their talents and taste the joy of success. A teacher organized students to learn the word "chuan". After understanding the pronunciation and meaning, the students were asked to analyze the glyph and how to remember it. Many students talked about it, and one of them, who was usually very poor, said: "The word 'chuan' is like selling horseshoes on the street. A piece of bamboo silk is threaded between the two horseshoes to form the word 'chuan'." The teacher immediately praised him. He has a creative spirit. From then on, this student was willing to use his brain in class and often expressed some unique opinions. He was praised and his grades gradually improved.
4. Inspire students to open the door to thinking
Thinking is the core of human intelligence. When we talk about developing students' intelligence, it mainly refers to developing students' thinking. Thinking is an important factor in creativity. Only when a person is good at observation, bold imagination, careful analysis and induction can he have innovative ideas.
Being good at observation and bold imagination is an important way to develop thinking. Some data show that half of the knowledge people acquire comes from observation, and inventions and creations are all good at observation and understanding big principles from small phenomena. Archimedes invented Archimedes' law after taking a shower in the bathtub and saw the overflowing water. Watt invented the steam engine by observing the steam emerging from the boiling water beating against the lid of the pot during the process of boiling water; Newton invented the steam engine; He discovered gravity by observing the phenomenon of an apple falling to the ground; Mendeleev discovered the periodic table of elements by playing cards. These are all the results of good observation and bold imagination.
Observation and imagination abilities are cultivated by us in teaching. First, let students clarify the purpose and requirements of each activity, secondly, guide the methods, and finally let students boldly imagine.
Don’t pursue conclusions in the teaching process, but focus on cultivating students’ methods of acquiring knowledge. There is a teacher who organizes students to learn the characteristics of numbers that are divisible by 2. He first asked three sets of questions: 10÷2?
11÷2 12÷2... 19÷2; 20÷2 21÷2 22÷2...
29 ÷2; 30÷2 31÷2 32÷2...39÷2. After calculation, students can tell which ones are divisible and those which are not divisible are crossed out. Then let students observe the characteristics of numbers that are divisible by 2. After some discussion, they can easily come to a conclusion. In order to train students' ability to observe and imagine, teachers can observe and imagine some common things and objects. Bamboo is common to everyone. What do you think of after observing bamboo: "It symbolizes the quality of human beings with an open mind and integrity"; "It will not hesitate to break one's bones for the benefit of the people"; "It is not afraid of the severe snow in winter, and it is evergreen all year round"; some students said that it looks like this Some people who don’t have an independent stance “go with the wind”. Drawing different conclusions about the same thing due to the role of imagination is a good way to train your thinking.
5. Cultivate students’ spirit that they are not heroes if they don’t reach the Great Wall
If they don’t reach the Great Wall, they are not heroes. It is a fearless spirit, an expression of people’s will and perseverance, and a spirit for work and career. , the spirit of scientific dedication. People who lack this kind of spirit will be like what people say: they have high ambitions but low ambitions. They want to do something big, but they get discouraged when they encounter difficulties in doing it, and ultimately achieve nothing.
Scientists who have made contributions will work tirelessly and will not forget science even to the last moment of their lives. When the German chemist Eulich was researching a specific drug to treat spirochete infection, he failed 605 times without giving up, and finally succeeded 606 times, so the drug was named "606". In order to study explosives, Nobel's brother was killed in an explosion in his workshop, and he was also bloody. American zoologist Carl. Schmidt was bitten by a venomous snake during a field trip in South America. Since there was no medical treatment and he knew that he was dying, he still kept recording the changes in his body after being bitten by a poisonous snake until he stopped breathing.
To cultivate this spirit in students, on the one hand, students should be encouraged to see their own success and progress, and on the other hand, students should be allowed to face certain difficulties and hone their will and perseverance in the difficulties. The "layered teaching method" currently promoted by schools has different requirements for different students, different training contents, and different weights, so that students at all levels can complete learning tasks through hard work and see that they are capable; but the new Challenges are in front of you, and there are certain difficult tasks that require hard work to complete. Over time, you will develop a spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and moving forward courageously.
2. How to cultivate students’ practical ability
Practical ability refers to students’ ability to speak and do things. The content is quite rich. What this article discusses is students’ ability to innovate and practice. To cultivate students' innovative practical ability, we should first arm our minds with some basic techniques of innovation, and then have feasible systems and measures.
(1) Basic techniques of creation
Different scholars have different ways of summarizing the methods of creation. Since Osborne, the founder of Creation Science in the United States, invented the world's first invention method in 1949 - the "Potential Incentive Method", some people have summarized 300 methods, while others have summarized 100 methods. Our country's Xu Liyan and others have proposed twelve smart methods. Methods, Shanghai Hotan Primary School also summarized twelve methods to guide students to create inventions. Now we will comprehensively introduce some basic techniques to guide students to carry out innovative and practical activities.
1. Add one plus
Adding means combining two or more items to create a new product, concentrating the advantages of each original product into one product middle. Such innovative products are everywhere. The pencil and eraser were originally separate and inconvenient to use. William of the United States combined them to make a pencil with an eraser, which became a new product. In the 1980s, there was a primary school student in our city. His mother often waited for him to clean the floor after school. He would flush and she would sweep the floor. He thought it was very troublesome. Later, he put a water pipe on the broom, turned on the faucet and swept, sweeping and flushing at the same time. Just one person. He wrote this "broom with a water pipe" as a small invention, and participated in the provincial small invention competition and won a reward.
2. Subtract one minus
The idea of ????this method is exactly the opposite of the previous one. It is to reduce one or several parts of a product so that its functions can be fully utilized and reach its best state, or new functions and products can appear. For example, reduce one or two parts, lighten, reduce, reduce time, reduce times, etc.
Wang Hongyu (13 years old), a first-year student at the High School Affiliated to Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, has to go into his house in the dark to turn on the lights after opening the door every night. How can we reduce the time spent in the dark and reduce other devices? Can the light turn on when the door is opened? After painstaking research, he finally succeeded in inventing the "automatic light-on device".
3. Modification
Modification is to change the original product. Or change its shape, or change its properties, or change the material it is made of, or change its color. Some are modified as a whole, and some are modified in part or in several parts, thereby producing new products.
When a class teacher arranged the seats of students, he asked the students to line up according to height, and then the short ones sat in the front and the tall ones sat in the back. However, there were a few tall people who were short-sighted and could not see the blackboard clearly. They sat in front and blocked the view of the students in the back row. Therefore, one student came up with the idea of ??changing the fixed-height stool into a stool that can be raised or lowered, so that tall people can sit in front without blocking their view. Later, this kind of stool was quickly popularized and used. Hang Xiaodong (13 years old), a student in Class 1 (3) of No. 41 Middle School in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, changed ordinary clothes hangers into buckle clothes hangers so that the wind would not blow them off when hanging them to dry.
4. Transformation
Transformation is to change part or all of an item. Or change its material, or change its properties, or change its use, or change its shape, color, smell, etc. By transforming into new products, new advantages and new uses emerge.
Water pipes were probably the earliest people made of bamboo, wood, or fired from clay; people turned these materials into iron to make beautiful and durable iron water pipes; in order to prevent rust and reduce weight, People used plastic to make water pipes; but they were prone to aging and breaking, so they turned them into new water pipes made of plastic and metal. The inner and outer layers are made of plastic and the middle is aluminum. This kind of pipe is currently very popular.
5. Shrinking
Shrinking means shrinking, shrinking an item to produce a new product, and shrinking can also expand the use of the product. Miniature radios, cars, etc., you can see shrunken products everywhere you look. Zhang Hongbin, a student in Class 2 (1) of No. 14 Middle School in Hohhot, shrunk the telescope he usually sees and invented the "pinhole telescope."
6. Expand and expand
Expand is Expansion is an important idea in innovation, expanding original products into new products. On the one hand, it is to expand its volume and appearance; on the other hand, it is to expand its properties and uses, so that the functions of its products can be fully utilized and comprehensively utilized.
The sun hat worn when traveling is the original one with the visor expanded to cover the sun; the sun umbrella on the beach is also a product of the expanded umbrella. The washing machine originally only washed clothes, and had to be filled with water. After washing, it had to be wrung out before drying; its function was expanded and installed on a computer to become a fully automatic washing machine, which could automatically discharge water and remove the dirt from the clothes after washing. Water is dehydrated. Fan Xuemei (15 years old), a junior high school student at Chengguan Middle School in Longchang County, Sichuan Province, invented the "basin umbrella stand". This stand can hold a washbasin and an umbrella, extending the use of the stand from one to two.
7. Imitation is imitation
Imitation is imitation. Imitation is to get inspiration from the appearance, properties and uses of a thing to create new products. You can imitate any thing in nature that can be used for reference. Now there is a discipline called biomimicry, which specializes in how to imitate things in nature to create new products; imitation can also imitate other products and experiences. There is a legend that the Japanese dismantled the machines they purchased from foreign countries and copied the first one, while the second one was their own innovative product.
Luban invented the saw after imitating the leaves of plants. All kinds of children's toys on the market now are new products made from bionics and cartoons.
8. Generation from generation to generation
Generation is to replace one thing with another to produce a new product. The replacement can be completely replaced, or part or several parts can be replaced to make it have better performance, lower price and more suitable for people's needs.
Water buckets used to be made of wood, and later iron sheets were used instead of wood. Now plastics are used instead of iron sheets to make plastic buckets, which are even more affordable and high-quality. With the development of society, plastics can be seen everywhere instead of products made of iron and wood in the past.
9. Anti-one-anti
Anti means the opposite. From the perspective of thinking, it is explained as reverse thinking. Think about the shape, nature, and use of problems or things upside down, and think about things from the front and back, up and down, left and right, front and back, inside and outside, horizontal and vertical, size, cause and effect, etc., to get new results and products.
Faraday thought about the phenomenon of electricity producing magnetism in reverse, so can magnetism produce electricity? After hard work, the world's first electric motor was finally produced in 1821. "Vacuum cleaner" was created by thinking backwards from "vacuum blower". At first, people used something called a "dust blower" to blow away the dust when cleaning, but the blowing made the dust fly all over the place, and in turn sucked the dust in and made a "vacuum cleaner". In education methods, our teachers often say that our country has a long history, a vast territory, and rich resources, which is very good for patriotic education for students. But Japanese teachers often say that Japan is a narrow country with a large population and lack of natural resources. If Japan wants to survive and develop, everyone must study hard and learn science and technology well. This is also a good way to motivate students to study diligently.
10. A couplet
A couplet is a union. Link one or several items together to create a new product. Combine the functional advantages of related items to form new functional advantages. At the same time, we should also analyze and understand the materials, properties, uses, values, and various conditions and laws of the development of an item in order to conceive new products.
Fountains have long occupied a place in cities, courtyards and parks. But in the past, it could only be arranged artificially, and its height, size, and shape were all fixed. The music is transmitted to the speaker using a loudspeaker, amplifying the sound so that it can be enjoyed by most people. Colorful lanterns add color to cities, hotels and courtyards. How to change the size of the fountain according to the size of the music, so that the water sprayed out is colorful? How to enable people to enjoy the scenery of nature and enhance the audio-visual effect? So people connected the fountain, music, and colored lights to create a musical and colorful fountain. Dong Jianchuan (15 years old) of Beijing Railway Sixth Middle School, when he saw people carrying gas bottles up the stairs, he thought of cars. If there was a car that could be pushed up the stairs, wouldn't it reduce people's burden? Can this car have round wheels like a trolley? Of course not, so what should we do? He then thought of the scene of a puppy climbing stairs, and finally invented the "stair climbing car". Yichengcheng, a first-grade student at the Hunan Tractor Factory's Children's School in Jin City, Hunan Province, often sharpens his pencils easily, causing them to break, become uneven and not smooth. When I saw a carpenter planing wood and the results were so smooth, I thought of sharpening a pencil, and finally invented the "pencil sharpener".
11. Moving
Moving means moving all or part of other products, so that the functions of the original products are changed, or better, or the uses are expanded, and become A new product.
The magnifying glass was moved and turned into a camera and a projector; the radio had a retractable metal rod as an antenna. It was moved to the classroom and became the teacher’s pointer. It was moved to the television and became a television. antenna etc. These are all innovative products.
12. Dingding
Dingping means limiting, limiting the nature, use, and function of a thing or item within a certain range to meet the needs of people's production and life. This results in new products or new systems.
The lift of the elevator has a limit. The highest cannot exceed the specified height, and the lowest must meet the specified requirements. Therefore, there is a semi-finished product called a travel switch. The travel switch can make the elevator automatically reach a certain height. Power outage. Swedish scientist Celsius stipulated that the temperature of water when it freezes is zero degrees, and the temperature when it boils is 100 degrees. The two are equally divided into 100 parts, each equal part is 1 degree, which makes the Celsius thermometer. Dai Bianbiao (14 years old), a junior high school student in Nanxi County No. 1 Middle School in Sichuan, raises chickens at home and needs to give them water every day, adding water several times a day. How to ensure that the container always has water? So he invented the "water absorber".
The above lists 12 techniques for creating inventions, which are commonly used not only in natural sciences, but also in social sciences. For example, education and teaching reforms also use these methods to create many new experiences. In the 1950s, Heilongjiang promoted the "concentrated literacy method" in primary schools, while Nanjing introduced a "decentralized literacy method"; Shanghai promoted "successful education", and some people changed their minds and launched "happy education"; the educational reform experience of Shanghai Yucai Middle School It is "reading, speaking, discussing, practicing", which is abbreviated as "reading, speaking, discussing, practicing", which is expanded to "initiating, reading, speaking, discussing, practicing" and so on. The results of these inventions can be seen everywhere in our daily lives and are no stranger to them.
(2) How to cultivate students’ practical ability
Practical ability is to enable students to speak and do practical work.
The formation and growth of abilities are not taught, but are gradually grown in actual work. A wealthy elderly couple in the United States were extremely happy to have a son. They did not let him do anything. The parents did all the work for him and was fed by them. He was not even able to eat. When he was 25 years old, he was called a "25-year-old baby." ". To cultivate students' practical ability, we must create opportunities for students to practice, just like Chairman Mao Zedong said about learning to swim by swimming. The experience of many schools shows that in order to cultivate students' practical ability, it is necessary to achieve one reform, two studies, three practices and four establishment systems.
1. Change educational concepts and models
General Secretary Jiang called on us at the 1999 National Education Work Conference to “change the kind of education that hinders the development of students’ innovative spirit and ability. Concepts and Educational Models”. So what is hindering the development of students' innovative spirit and ability now? It is a traditional teaching model of rote learning. We must establish a new educational concept, which means that in the process of imparting knowledge, we must strive to develop intelligence, cultivate abilities, and develop thinking. In the teaching process, teachers guide students to master learning methods and learn the skills of seeking knowledge, so that students understand how to learn by themselves, so that students can learn more and become more active.
Quality education requires a major change in the educational concepts of the majority of educators. In teaching, everyone is required to meet the same standards, which is transformed into teaching to promote everyone's development; the requirement for students to be good in subjects is transformed into meeting basic requirements in each subject while giving full play to everyone's strengths; teaching methods are transformed from a single chalk and mouth to multimedia Teaching; the form of teaching has changed from single classroom teaching to multiple forms of teaching, and the combination of in-class and extra-curricular, and the combination of in-school and out-of-school; the assessment method has been changed from rote memorization to a combination of knowledge and ability; the content of assessment has changed from a single Score assessment has been transformed into a comprehensive evaluation of students from mind, body, knowledge, skills, psychological quality, etc. Enable students to grow comprehensively and healthily.
2. Learn the knowledge of creative engineering
Creative engineering has a history of several decades since its inception, but it has not been as popularized as other disciplines and has become popular among everyone. You know, in the past, perhaps most people thought that creation and innovation were the business of experts. An ordinary worker who can do his or her job well according to the tasks assigned by the leader is a good citizen. There is also a social environment in which China has always been They are all planned economies, and there is no competition, so companies do not innovate. Because they have no sense of competition and no ability to innovate, many companies "die" as soon as they enter the market economy. Furthermore, our people also have a tradition The concept is to obey and do what you are told. Someone has made such a comparison. When Chinese people send their children to school, they repeatedly tell them: "Behave and listen to the teacher." When Jews send their children to school, they say to their children: "Think more and ask more questions to the teacher." Due to various reasons Because of this, few people have cared about creative knowledge for a long time.
General Secretary Jiang said at the 1999 Education Work Conference: "The quality of our labor force and the low level of scientific and technological innovation capabilities have become a major factor restricting our country's economic development and the strengthening of international competition." We should Vigorously popularize the knowledge of creative engineering so that students in school can understand and master some creative knowledge and be able to apply it in practice. In order to achieve this goal, schools should open some special topics to introduce some knowledge of scientific and creative engineering and guide students to apply it.
3. Carry out "six small" practical activities
Practical ability is not something you can talk about but do. Schools must cultivate students' practical ability. The best way is to carry out small-scale activities. The "six small" activities include inspection, small reform, small invention, small production, small farming, and small creation (thesis). Through these activities, students can directly participate in doing things and grow their talents through doing them. If they are well organized, they will also produce results. Changsha No. 9 Middle School organized students to carry out scientific and technological activities and created many invention projects, and a considerable number of them applied for national patents. Many inventions were also used in production and put on the market.
Small investigation is a practical activity that organizes students to conduct investigation and research in a region or a unit with a certain purpose. This activity is very beneficial for students to understand society and develop their ability to collect and process information. When organizing a small inspection, you should first clarify the purpose, understand the scope of the inspection, and formulate an outline of inspection questions and specific methods. In January this year, a middle school used the winter vacation time to organize all the students in the school into groups by town to conduct a "Know My Hometown" inspection.
It mainly inspected the industrial and agricultural production and natural environment within the town, so that all the students in the school received an education on loving their hometown and learned some basic methods of small inspections.
Small reform is to organize students to make suggestions and take measures on some systems, management measures and methods. This kind of practical activity can cultivate students to continuously improve according to the needs of the situation, and not to be the ones who are desperate for the sword. It also cultivates the spirit of students to be the masters of their own country. Schools are a corner of society and should make full use of this position to cultivate students' awareness and practice of small reforms. A school has planted a lawn. How to manage it? We solicited management opinions from students and received more than 400 suggestions within three days, with the participation rate reaching 64.2% of the students. The school organized these constructions and then handed them over to students for discussion, forming a system. After implementation, it was proved that this is a very good system. No matter how young the suggestions put forward by students are, as long as they can participate in discussions, think and put forward their own opinions, it is a kind of exercise.
Gizmo is to organize students to carry out some simple scientific and technological activities, in which they can boldly imagine and innovate. Organize students to observe a certain item and analyze its advantages, disadvantages and uses. Then how to develop its advantages, overcome shortcomings, and make suggestions and plans. This suggestion and plan is the plan for invention and creation. To carry out these activities, you can start with simple and then complex ones. Start with something that is easy to discover and easy to make, so that students can see their creativity and gradually stimulate their enthusiasm and enthusiasm for creating inventions.
Small production is to organize students to use science and technology activities and spare time to make some models or carry out some knitting activities. Such as making model airplanes, aircraft models, small radios and some electrical appliances. Rural areas can also make some woodware and bamboo weaving based on actual conditions. Through these activities, students can cultivate meticulous and strong perseverance, enrich the knowledge they have learned in practice, and enhance their ability to apply knowledge. When organizing these activities, attention should be paid to giving students the best they can, and not giving up halfway and dampening their enthusiasm.
Small-scale farming is most suitable for activities in rural primary and secondary schools, and is also the best way to shorten the distance between education and local services. Use the school's farm or set aside some land on campus without affecting the overall campus planning to allow students to carry out small farming activities. For example, each class plants a banana, and everything from planting, management to harvesting is done by the students themselves. This kind of cultivation is different from that of farmers. The content of science and technology should be enhanced. A student planted a sweet potato and grafted it with moonflower. As a result, one sweet potato harvested more than 50 kilograms. The year before last, it was reported that a farmer in Xinyi Town harvested 60 kilograms of sweet potatoes from one tree. So who can surpass him? Can anyone grow beans one meter long? Grow your talents through these activities. The planting and breeding techniques students learn in school will also be applied to agricultural production at home.
Small creation is to organize students to carry out literary creation. Such as writing short essays, short expository essays, short novels, poetry, calligraphy, photography, painting, etc., which are closely integrated with the subject. Many schools have literary clubs. They write their own manuscripts, edit their own books and newspapers, which is a good practical activity. There is a student named Li Wanyu from Xinyi Comprehensive Adult Technical School, who has published a book "Forever Mountain Rhododendron". Yang Qianhua, vice chairman of the Provincial Writers Association, and Lu Zhongren, secretary-general of the Maoming Municipal Government, are very supportive of this. Yang Qianhua personally wrote the title of the book, and Lu Zhongren wrote the preface. This book fills the gap in books published by school students in Xinyi City, and is ultimately a success.
The above six activities are the main activities for schools to organize students to carry out innovative practices, and are the basic forms of cultivating students' innovative practice abilities.
4. Establish rules and regulations, and persevere
The development of anything can only develop soundly if a sound system is guaranteed. Students' innovative practical ability is a kind of gradual growth after long-term training, and it cannot be achieved immediately after one or two activities. And this ability is developed in activities. It grows in the form of a power. The more innovative and practical activities, the faster the ability grows. Use it or lose it. Therefore, schools should establish rules and regulations to ensure the normal development of innovative practical activities, and have measures to motivate students to participate in various practical activities.
In order to ensure the development of students' practical activities, it is crucial to have a coaching team. Therefore, schools should fully tap the school's human resources and leverage the strengths of each teacher to form a coaching team. Secondly, students should choose some projects according to their own hobbies, form interest groups, and participate voluntarily. For various activities, the school must make overall arrangements for the positions and activity times, so that the tutors can implement it, the participating students can implement it, the activity content can be implemented, the activity time can be implemented, and the activity location can be implemented.
To ensure the implementation and continuous development of students' practical activities, there must also be corresponding incentives to evaluate and reward the results of student activities. You can also plan a science and technology festival, or conduct an achievement exhibition and awards every year. Students with outstanding achievements should be rewarded, and teachers who have achieved success in guiding activities should also be commended.