Sun Quan's father, Sun Jian, and his younger brother, Sun Ce, laid the foundation of Jiangdong in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Sun Ce was assassinated and Sun Quan succeeded to the throne as a vassal. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), he established a Sun-Liu alliance with Liu Bei and defeated Cao Cao in Battle of Red Cliffs, which laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Pai Menglu successfully captured Jingzhou of Liu Bei, greatly increasing the territorial area.
In the first year of Huang Wu (222), Wei Wendi Cao Pi made Sun Quan the king of Wu and established the State of Wu. In the same year, Liu Bei was defeated in the battle of Yiling. In the first year of Huanglong (229), he officially proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang, with the title of Wu, and soon moved the capital to Jianye. After the sun rose, agricultural officials were set up, land was reclaimed, counties were set up, and the mountains and Vietnam were continuously suppressed, which promoted the economic development of the south of the Yangtze River. In the second year of Huanglong (230), the generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi arrived in Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province).
In his later years, Sun Quan was capricious on the issue of heirs, which led to the clique's factional strife and unstable situation in North Korea. In the first year of Kamikaze (252), he died at the age of 71. He was in office for 24 years. The great emperor of posthumous title, temple name Mao, was buried in Jiangling. [ 1]
Sun Quan is also good at calligraphy. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan listed his calligraphy as a third-class book review. [2]
(Overview Image source: Yan Liben's "On Kings of Past Dynasties" [3])
Original name
Sun quan
Another name
Sun Zhongmou, Wu Dadi, Wu Taizu
word
Zhongmou
The Times
Three kingdoms at the end of Han dynasty
Ethnic groups
Han (ha)
Character relationship
Mrs. yuan
Madame
Bushilian
Madame
Sun Liang
son
Sun Luban
daughter
Jian Sun
father
Sun Ce
elder brother
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The life of the character
Early experience
Sun Quan was born in Fuchun County, Wu Jun (now Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Sun Shi served as an official in Wudi for several generations. Sun Quan was born in Xiapi, Donghan in the fifth year of Guanghe (182), the second son of Sun Jian. [4][4] According to legend, it was the 22nd generation grandson of Sun Wu, a strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Sun quanxiang
In the first year of Zhong Ping (184), Sun Jian, later Sima, conquered the Yellow Scarf Army with Zhu. Sun Quan and his family live in Shouchun County, Jiujiang County (now Chengguan Town, Shouxian County, Anhui Province).
In the sixth year of Zhong Ping (189), Sun Jian, then the magistrate of Changsha, rose up and responded to the crusade of Dong Zhuo's Guandong (east of Hanguguan) Coalition forces. Sun Quan followed his eldest brother Sun Ce and moved to Shu County, Lujiang County (now southwest of Lujiang, Anhui Province).
In the second year of Chuping (19 1), Sun Jian was killed because he was ordered by Yuan Shu to conquer Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou. After the funeral, the whole family moved to Jiangdu County, Guangling County. Sun Quan lost his father at the age of nine and was educated by his mother, Mrs. Wu. [6]
In the fourth year of Chuping (193), after Sun Ce defected to Yuan Shu, he ordered Lv Fan to take Sun Quan and others to Jason Wu (Sun Quan's uncle) who lived in Qu 'a. The following year, Sun Ce attacked Lujiang County for Yuan Shu. Liu You, the secretariat of Yangzhou, was afraid of being annexed and wanted to harm Sun Quan's mother and son, so Zhu Zhi sent people to Qu to meet Sun Ce's mother and Sun Quan's younger brother and provide supplies. [7] Later, Sun Quan followed Mrs. Wu to Liyang County (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) and moved to Fuling County (now near Quanjiao, Anhui Province).
Stand at fifteen
In the second year of Xingping (195), Sun Ce set out to cross the river, defeated Liu You, and sent Chen Bao to Fuling to take his family back to Qu 'a [8].
Sun Quan is generous in human nature, indecisive in benevolence and righteousness, advocating chivalry and cultivating talents, and gradually becomes equal with his father and brother. He often followed Sun Ce's side and participated in internal affairs decision-making, which made Sun Ce feel inferior to himself. Whenever entertaining guests, Sun Ce often turned to Sun Quan and said, "These people will be your men in the future." At this time, Sun Quan, Hu Zong and Zhu Ran are studying in Wu Jun. [9]
In the first year of Jian 'an (196), after Sun Ce captured Danyang, Wu and Huiji counties, 15-year-old Sun Quan was appointed as the county magistrate of Yangxian County (now Yixing City, Jiangsu Province), [1] Wu County magistrate Zhu Zhicha named him Xiaolian, and Yangzhou secretariat Yan Xiangju named him. Later, he became a captain in Fengyi. [ 10]
From the fourth year of Jian 'an (199) to the beginning of the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Sun Quan and Sun Ce fought against Liu Xun, the satrap of Lujiang. After the defeat and escape, Liu Xun once again marched into Shaxian, crusaded against Huang Zu, the satrap of Jiangxia, and captured Lujiang and Zhang Yu counties.
Juvenile integration
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Sun Ce was assassinated by Xu Gongmen. On his deathbed, he ordered Sun Quan to take his place. Sun Quan, aged in vain 19, was worshipped as a general by the Eastern Han court. And for the satrap of Huiji, he was stationed in Wu County. Not long after Sun Ce unified Jiangdong, local scholars and those who stayed in Lv Bin still had infidelity. Therefore, when Sun Quan first took charge of Jiangdong, the situation was turbulent. Li Shu, the satrap of Lujiang, rebelled more openly. Sun Fu, the satrap of the imperial clan Luling, colluded with Cao Cao and Sun Ming in an attempt to seize power. Sun Yi, the prefect of Danyang, and Sun He, the imperial clan minister, were killed, and tens of thousands of mountains and rivers in Zhang Yu and Huiji were also waiting for an accident.
Sun Quan took Zhang Zhao as his teacher, and Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and other old ministers were all generals. First, he led the army to destroy Li Shu and won more than 30,000 people in the headquarters; Stop the imperial clan unrest; More than 6 thousand mountains were destroyed and more than 10 thousand mountains were collected. He also recruited talents and hired celebrities. Under his command, Zhu Gejin, Lu Su, Yan Mou, Bu Zhi, Lu Xun, Xu Sheng, Gu Yong and Gu Shao were recruited, which stabilized the hearts of local families and guests and the situation in the south of the Yangtze River. [ 1 1]
From the eighth year of Jian 'an to the thirteenth year of Jian 'an (2003-2008), Sun Quan attacked Jiangxia County three times, eventually killing Huang Zu and annexing most of Jiangxia County.
Sun Quan sits in Jiangdong, 19 years old. Why do most descendants die young and can't stick to their territory?
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Battle of Red Cliffs's former Sun Liu, Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan performed brilliantly.
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Why didn't Sun Ce pass on the hard-earned land to his son, but to his younger brother Sun Quan?
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Battle of red cliff
Main entrance: Battle of Red Cliffs.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Prime Minister Cao Cao went south and defeated General Zuo and Liu Bei. After Cao Cao occupied Jiangling, he wrote to Sun Quan, intending to win the land of Soochow. Sun Shi's camp is divided into two factions: the hawk faction, represented by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, and the hawk faction represented by Zhang Zhao. Zhang Zhao was very influential at that time, but Sun Quan intended to fight Cao Cao. At this time, Lu Su brought Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei's counselor, from Jiangxia, indicating Liu Bei's determination to unite with Sun Cao. Zhou Yu's timely return shows all kinds of disadvantages of Cao Cao, and the war is expected to win. Sun Quan made a decisive decision and decided to take Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the commanders of the left and right wings to join hands with Liu Bei against Cao Cao. Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao's 50,000 troops in Chibi with Huang Gai's plan. After this war, Liu Bei and Zhou Yu pursued to Nanjun again, and Cao Cao had to withdraw to the north, leaving Coss and Huang Xu in Jiangling and sending Le Jin to guard Xiangyang. [ 1]
Portrait of Sun Quan
At this point, Gan Ning was surrounded by Coss in Yiling, and Zhou Yu adopted Lv Meng's plan, leaving Ling Tong to resist Coss, saving Gan Ning with half his troops and returning home in triumph. In the same year, Sun Quan led an army to besiege Hefei and sent Zhang Zhao to attack dangtu county, Jiujiang County. Zhang Zhao's invasion was unfavorable. Sun Quan's attack on Hefei failed to break the city, and he finally had to withdraw.
In the 14th year of Jian 'an (209), Zhou Yu and Cao Ren were at loggerheads for more than a year. Cao Ren's army suffered heavy casualties and finally abandoned the city and fled. After Sun Quan got Nanjun, he appointed Zhou Yu as the prefect of Nanjun.
In the same year, Liu Bei appointed Sun Quan as an agent rider and concurrently served as a shepherd in Xuzhou. Sun Quan and Liu Bei met at Jingkou and agreed to lend Nanjun to Liu Bei. The meeting between the two men consolidated the alliance between Sun and Liu. In order to prevent Sun Quan, Cao Cao forced Huainan people to move inward, causing panic among hundreds of thousands of people in Jianghuai and crossing the river to take refuge in Sun Quan. [ 13][ 14]
For this figure in the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs has reached the peak of his life.
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Cross-river confrontation
In the 15th year of Jian 'an (2 10), Sun Quan sent the secretariat of Buzhi South to Jiaozhou. Bu Zhijun was attacked on all sides, and all nine counties in Jiaozhou surrendered. Shi Xie led his brothers to accept the control of Sun Shi. Only Wu Ju Yang, the satrap of Cangwu appointed by Liu Biao, participated in it, and was finally beheaded by Bu Zhi. In order to win over Shi Xie, Sun Quan added him as the left general. [ 15]
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Sun Quan took the advice of counselor Zhang Hong and moved his office to Moling. The following year, Stone Town was built, and Moling was changed to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In the same year, in order to prevent Cao Cao from invading the south, ruxu dock was built.
In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Cao Cao attacked Ruxuwu. Sun Quan besieged Cao Cao's water army with shipmen, captured more than 3,000 people and drowned thousands in Cao Jun. [16] After more than a month of stalemate, Sun Quan succeeded in persuading Cao. [ 17]
In May of the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Sun Quan led Lv Meng and Gan Ning to conquer Wancheng, captured Zhu Guang, the satrap of Lujiang, and captured tens of thousands of people. Since then, Sun Quan has controlled the south of Jianghuai.
In the twentieth year of Jian 'an (2 15), Liu Bei gained the state, and Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin back to Jingzhou, but Liu Bei refused. Sun Quan, in a rage, took Monroe as the general, connecting Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling counties [18]. Liu Bei also went to the police with 50 thousand troops, and Guan Yu confronted Lu Su with 30 thousand troops in Yiyang. Lv Meng, Destiny Sun, Pan Zhang, etc. came to help, which was explosive. But at this time, Cao Cao led the main force to explore Hanzhong in the west, and Liu Bei faced great threats and made peace with Sun Quan [19]. In the end, Changsha, Jiangxia and Guiyang belonged to Sun Quan, and Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling belonged to Liu Bei [20]. After making peace with Liu Bei, Sun Quan conquered Hefei again. Just outside Hefei, Zhang Liao ambushed him and Chen Wu fought to the death. Sun Quan abandoned the flag to climb the mountain and escaped from danger [21] [22]; When withdrawing troops, Sun Quan was attacked by Zhang Liao again. Under the desperate protection of Lv Meng, Ling Tong, Gan Ning and others, Sun Quan rushed to Tianjin to help whip the bridge and escape again. [23]
In the winter of the 21st year of Jian 'an (2 16), Cao Cao moved his nest, and then attacked ruxu Wharf, inciting Shanmin such as Zhanfei to rebel in Danyang. The following year, Sun Quan sent Hutchison and Lu Xun to quell Zhanfei's rebellion.
Sun Quan lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei, ostensibly losing his wife and soldiers, but actually making a fortune.
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Seize Jingzhou
In the spring of the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), Sun Quan and Monroe negotiated to recover Jingzhou, so they actively prepared for the war. He also ordered Xu Xiang, a surname, to see Cao Cao and ask him to surrender. Cao Cao agreed to repair it and vowed to get married again. [24]
In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Sun Quan attacked Hefei again, and Cao and Wei States sent troops to Yangzhou. Guan Yu, commander-in-chief of Jingzhou appointed by Liu Bei, took advantage of the emptiness of Xiangfan to launch the war of Xiangfan. [26] During this period, it is said that Guan Yu insulted the emissary sent by Sun Quan several times [27][28], and later sent someone to "take the rice from the item". In this name, Sun Quan ordered to go to Jingzhou and named Monroe as the front [29]. Lv Meng attacked Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling counties under Liu Bei's rule without bloodshed; General Pan Zhang and Zhu Ran also captured and killed Guan Yu alive. In the same year, Cao Cao appointed Sun Quan as a title of generals in ancient times, festival and general of animal husbandry in Jingzhou, and named Hou of Nanchang. Sun Quan sent Liang Yu, a captain, to pay tribute to the imperial court, and Zhu Guang and others, who were captured, went north to show their kindness.
Three Kingdoms
In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao died of illness and his son Cao Pi acceded to the throne. In the autumn of the same year, Cao Pi's general Mei Fu sent James Zhang to ask Sun Quan to appease him, and more than 5,000 households in five counties of Wan County also came to him. In October, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty, with the title of "Wei", which was called Cao Wei in history.
In April of the second year of Yankang (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Han, which was known in history. In the same year, Sun Quan moved the capital from public security to Ezhou, changed Ezhou to Wuchang, and then built Wuchang.
After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan sent messengers to become a vassal of Wei and sent his generals back to the north. 1 1 month, Cao Pi gave Sun Quan nine seals, and named him the prince of Wu, the general, the animal husbandry of Jingzhou, Jing, Yang and the general of Jiao Wu.
In the same year, Liu Bei rose up and criticized Sun Quan. Sun Quan decisively appointed Lu Xun as the viceroy to meet Liu Bei. The following year, the battle of Yiling defeated the Shu army, and Liu Bei fled back to Baidicheng [30]. This battle stabilized Jingzhou territory under the rule of Wu. [ 1]
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A magical city, Sun Quan insisted on playing all his life until he died. Why?
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Fengwu Wang
In the first year of Huang Wu (222), Cao Pi discovered that Sun Quan was not sincerely attached, so he dispatched troops to attack Wu in three ways. Wei Jun East Road was invaded by Cao Xiu, Zhang Liao and Cang Ba, Coss Middle Road was invaded by Ruxuwu, and Cao Zhen, Xia Houshang, Zhang He and Huang Xu led the troops westward to besiege the Confederate army. Wu Jun on the East Road is unfavorable [31]; On the west road, the two sides win and lose each other; Huan Zhu in the middle was hit hard by Wu, which reversed the whole war [32]. West Road Zhu Ran promptly withdrew to apply for Yao Tai, and stuck to Jiangling. [33] Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin to lead the army to support him. [34] Wei Jun's victory was not as good as expected, and he had to retire completely the following year. In the same year1February, Sun Quan sent Zheng Quan, a Chinese medicine practitioner, to visit Liu Bei in Baidicheng, and Shu and Wu were reunited. However, there were still envoys between Sun Quan and Cao Pi, and the relationship was formally severed the following year.
In April of the second year of Huang Wu (223), Liu Bei died of illness. Previously, the commander of the war zone, Jin Zong, killed the general, led his troops to surrender to Cao Wei, and was appointed as the prefect of Qichun, who repeatedly violated the border of Wu. In June, Sun Quan ordered General He Qi and others to attack Qichun and capture Jin Zong alive. In the same year 1 1 month, Shu and Han sent a corps commander Deng Zhi to visit. The following summer, Sun Quan sent Zhang Wen, a corps commander, to visit Shu Han.
In December of the fourth year of Huang Wu (225), Peng Qi, a native of Poyang, led an army to revolt and captured several surrounding counties, attracting tens of thousands of people. In the same year, Cao Pi led the army to Guangling, and Sun Quan set a strict defense. At this time, it was freezing, the river froze, and Cao Pi withdrew.
In July, the fifth year of Huang Wu (226), Sun Quan heard that Cao Pi had died of illness and took the opportunity to attack Jiangxia, but he could not return it. In the same year, Shi Xie, the Taishou of Jiaodi, died, and Sun Quan divided Jiaodi (now Beining, Vietnam), Guangzhou, Jiaodi (now East of Hanoi, Vietnam), Jiuzhen (now Northwest of Qinghua, Vietnam) and Rinan (now Beautiful Vietnam) into Jiaodi, and Dai Liang was the secretariat. Taking Cangwu (now Wuzhou, Guangxi), Nanhai (now Guangzhou, Guangdong), Yulin (now Guiping West, Guangxi) and Hepu (now northeast of Hepu, Guangxi) as Guangzhou, Lv Dai, the former secretariat of Jiaozhou, was appointed as the secretariat, and Shi Hui, the son of Shi Xie, rose up and claimed to be the satrap. But it was soon attracted by Lv Dai. Later, Sun Quan merged Jiaozhou and Guangzhou into Jiaozhou.
In the first month of the sixth year of Huang Wu (227), the generals of Wu put down Peng Qi's rebellion.
In August of the seventh year of Huang Wu (228), the Battle of Shi Ting broke out, and Sun Quan ordered Lu Xun, the viceroy, to lead the generals to defeat Cao Xiu.
ascend the throne
In the first year of Huanglong (229), Sun Quan ascended the throne in Wuchang (present-day Hubei), and the country name Wu and Sun Wu Dynasty were formally established.