Yichun Post, one of the origins of Spring Post, also known as "Spring Book", appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. This is an article in which people pray for good luck and happiness. Cut the word "Yichun" on beginning of spring daily-use colored paper and stick it on the doorpost. Some of them write simple sentences and stick them on the lintel. According to the Chronicle of Jingchu in Liang Zonggu of the Southern Dynasties, at that time, in the areas of Rixiang and Hubei in beginning of spring, besides cutting colored silk into the shape of swallows and wearing it on their heads, they also wrote the word "Yichun" at home, also known as spring posts. In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao's "A Thousand Women's Jade Orders" also mentioned that people posted Yichun posts when they were in beginning of spring. As beginning of spring is approaching the Spring Festival, and the forms of Yichun Post are similar to those of Spring Post and Horizontal Post, some scholars think that Spring Post and Horizontal Post are directly derived from Yichun Post, but with different names.
Fu Tao is another origin of spring stickers. Fu Tao is the object that Han people painted Shen Tu and Er Shen with peach boards to ward off evil spirits during the Spring Festival. According to legend, there was a big peach tree on Dushuo Mountain in the ancient East China Sea, under which Shen Tu and Mao Yu were responsible for exorcising ghosts. A ghost in trouble will tie it up and feed it to the tiger. . Later, people wrote some auspicious sentences on the peach symbol. In the Tang Dynasty, couplets began to appear. Some couplets are recorded in Dunhuang suicide notes, which have auspicious meanings. Some scholars believe that this is the earliest couplet. For example, Tan Chan-xue, a researcher at Dunhuang Research Institute, put forward this view in an article entitled "China's earliest couplets" in the April issue of Knowledge of Literature and History (199 1), but it is still true. In the Five Dynasties, Meng Changjun, the master of Shu, wrote the couplets "Welcome the New Year and celebrate Changchun in the festive season" in calligraphy, which is generally considered as the earliest Spring Festival couplets.
Xiang Yan's poems are also one of the sources of spring posts, also known as spring posts, spring post words and post words. In the early spring, the ancient court asked the Hanlin scribes to write a post offering. Xiang Yan's poems mainly describe the scenery, eulogize the peaceful rise or imply exhortation, and use beautiful words, mostly five or seven quatrains. Hui Zhou's "Qingbo" magazine mentioned that Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi's spring posts mainly focused on admonition, while Sima Guang was a model. These poems will be posted on the gates and pavilions of the palace gardens, which were very popular in the Song Dynasty. Some couplets later became a kind of Spring Festival couplets.
Late Spring Post is the product of the interaction of Fu Tao, Yichun Post and Palace Post. Auspicious Yichun stickers and Fu Tao, who avoids evil spirits, are mixed into one thing, and the pasting words are simplified as two sentences of Fu Tao, which will be simplified as writing and pasting on paper, so the carrier of paper Spring Festival couplets came into being in the Song Dynasty and became a custom. Wang Anshi wrote in his poem: "Thousands of households always change new peaches for old ones." . Chronological Miscellanies in the Northern Song Dynasty, when people carved auspicious sentences on mahogany boards. Meng Lianglu in the Southern Song Dynasty recorded that there was a kind of "Spring Festival greeting card" at that time. It is said that the "Spring Festival greeting card" should be posted on New Year's Eve, which may be a symbol of paper peaches. Some people think that spring cards are spring stickers for blessing.
Writing peach symbols on red paper began in the Ming Dynasty, and the word "Spring Post" also appeared. The custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets also became popular in the Ming Dynasty. According to Chen's Zayunlou Miscellaneous Paintings in Ming Dynasty, the popularity of Spring Festival couplets is due to Zhu Yuanzhang's advocacy. In addition, there are other legends about spring stickers. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang traveled incognito in Jinling (now Nanjing) at that time on New Year's Eve in the early Ming Dynasty and found that one of the reasons for reversing the word "fu" was also related to Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang once used the word "fu" as a symbol of murder. When his queen Ma knew it, she ordered the whole city to put the word "Fu" on the door before dawn, but one illiterate family put the word "Fu" upside down. The next day, Zhu Yuanzhang found that each family had posted the word "Fu". Knowing that the family had posted the word "Fu" backwards, he ordered the body-guard to cut it down. Ma Huanghou see things start to go wrong, said to zhu yuanzhang. When the family knew of his visit, they deliberately reversed the word "Fu", meaning "Blessed". The emperor ordered his release as soon as he heard the truth. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.
By the Qing dynasty, the custom of sticking spring stickers had become very popular. The Chronicle of Yanjing at that time described that there were many literati writing Spring Festival couplets in Beijing from the twelfth lunar month to the present. At that time, the colors of Spring Festival couplets were graded. Han people use James Zhu or red paper to make Spring Festival couplets, while the imperial court or imperial clan uses white paper with red and blue edges. In addition, there are other taboos and restrictions. For example, those who have not served the three-year mourning period are not allowed to use red paper, men use cyan and women use yellow, and the content is changed to sad words, men use blue and women use yellow. In some areas, both men and women use blue. It is also the custom in some areas to use white in the first year of mourning, black in the second year and blue in the third year. Liang Zhangju's monograph on Spring Festival couplets Conghua shows that Spring Festival couplets had become a literary and artistic form at that time.
In addition to meaningful auspicious sentences, some illiterate people also write the word "ten" on red paper as spring stickers. According to the records of Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province in A.D. 1940, people can write auspicious sentences, while illiterate villagers can write "ten".
In recent years, there are also some machine-printed spring stickers on the market, in addition to traditional red paper, there are also gold or other colors. Some are made of cloth, plastic and other materials instead of paper, which can be used many times. There are also some three-dimensional spring stickers in cardboard format, and some cartoons, which are very popular among young people. However, the traditional handwritten calligraphy spring stickers are still popular. In recent years, influenced by western culture, there have also been some horizontal criticisms from left to right. There is also a custom of posting spring stickers on the Korean peninsula, which is called the beginning of spring list, spring book, spring post and spring Zhu. Jeju Island is called (beginning of spring? , in which "?" For the inherent word, the meaning of sacrifice). It is an auspicious message posted by beginning of spring. It is posted on the gate, girder and patio to express New Year's wishes. Although proverbs have been widely used in daily life on the Korean peninsula for many years, the beginning of "Chundan" is still written in Chinese characters.
Like China's spring stickers, one of the sources of Korean spring stickers is Xiang Yan's poems. Jin Maichun's "Yang Sui Ji" (? ), the Korean dynasty? During this period, officials and attendants below Cheng Zhengyuan (with the doctrine of "Zhengpin") each presented a five-character quatrain to the king a few days ago in beginning of spring, and then chose a good one to stick on the pillars of the palace, which was beginning of spring's post. In the early days, beginning of spring's posts were only posted in aristocratic mansions and palaces, and later spread to the people. Therefore, there is a saying in North Korea called "beginning of spring posted in front of the store", which means "out of place".
As for that pair of Spring Festival couplets (? ), Kyoto Magazine written by Liu Degong, a realist at the end of the Korean dynasty, records that in Hanyang (now Seoul), the capital city, people have the custom of posting beginning of spring's couplets on this day, such as "Parents live for a thousand years, and their descendants will be honored for generations", "State-owned feelings, no sorrow and joy at home", "Disasters disappear from Chun Xue and happiness is driven by Xia Yunxing," Sweeping the golden floor and opening the door is full of happiness ",and there is another pair. Such as "longevity is like a mountain, wealth is like the sea", "longevity is boundless when you are old", "happiness has come after thousands of difficulties and dangers", "beginning of spring is prosperous, celebrating Jianyang", "enriching the country and enriching the people, making home for the people" and so on. Usually attached to doors or beams, usually in a sharp corner shape. The difference between couplets and Spring Festival couplets is that couplets are not necessarily flat couplets, but generally three to five words, which is shorter than the common Spring Festival couplets with five to seven words.
There are also short sentences (? ), such as "spring comes to the door to increase wealth", "spring comes to the ancients first", "family reunion", "human feelings are as rich as they will be" and "jade caves are full of peach blossoms". There are also some simple sentences with three or four words, such as "Rain with the wind" and "Open the door happily", and some beginning of spring posts with common antitheses can also be posted in one sentence. There are also words like "dragon" and "tiger". Vietnamese also have the custom of sticking spring stickers during the Spring Festival. Traditional spring stickers are written with Chinese characters (Confucian figures) on red paper in ink, and the forms are similar to those in China, such as door couplets, door hearts, hats and Spring Festival couplets. Another kind of spring stickers in calligraphy and painting is mainly composed of words such as "forbearance", "greatness" and "heart", with signatures, some written on red paper and some on white paper. After the popularity of Vietnamese national characters, some spring stickers will write Chinese characters with a brush, and some will even write inherent characters such as "Chúc m? ng n？ m m？ I "(the inherent word of" Happy New Year "in Vietnam), but there are still many Vietnamese who like to write spring stickers in Chinese characters. During the Chinese New Year, people who can write Chinese calligraphy often set up stalls in the street to write spring stickers. Because many Vietnamese young people don't know how to write Chinese characters now, most of them sell handwritten China Spring Stickers on the street.
In addition to the traditional handwritten spring stickers, there are also some machine-printed spring stickers on the market in recent years, and many shops selling printed spring stickers can also be seen in big cities such as Ho Chi Minh City. Some are printed with Chinese characters, and some are printed with Mandarin characters. Some new spring stickers are made of other materials and can be used many times.