In the whole art system of calligraphy and Chinese painting, brushwork is very important and complicated. Calligraphy and Chinese painting belong to our unique traditional art. Calligraphy and Chinese painting artists at all times and all over the world attach great importance to brushwork and have solid kung fu and superb brushwork level.
The brushwork of calligraphy can be summarized as center, oblique, hidden front, exposed front, reverse front, sliding front, Fang Bi, round pen, stroke direction, brushwork and so on.
(1) The center is in the center of the pen. When writing a book, keeping the center of the pen in the middle of the strokes can make stippling complete and vigorous. This is because when the pen is transported in the middle of stippling, the ink seeps evenly from both sides along the pen tip and reaches around, so stippling does not have the shortcomings of being light on the top and heavy on the bottom or light on the left and heavy on the right. Such lines are rich, round and full of three-dimensional characteristics. The technique of centering is the most basic brushwork.
(2) Eccentricity, also known as eccentricity, means that when using a pen, the pen is biased to one side and the center is biased to one side of the stroke, so the stippling written is light and hairy, thick and dry, and often zigzag.
(3) Tibetan front, specifically, hiding the head and protecting the tail. That is, the pen tip is hidden in the middle of stippling and not directly exposed. Hide your head, that is, when you start writing, you should "go down horizontally, go down horizontally" and "if you want to be right, you should be left first, if you want to be left, you should be right first". Tail protection means "don't go anywhere, don't sag or shrink", and finally protect the nib. Zang Feng's brushwork gives people a feeling of implicative, heavy and dignified. Hiding the head is to put the pen tip on the paper and hide it in front. Tail protection is to retract the nib.
Expose the front, also known as the front, that is, don't collect or hide, which is often used at the end of a stroke, and refers to the action of collecting the pen with the front of the pen exposed outside. When the main pen uses the hidden front, the auxiliary pen can use the exposed front. The Tibetan front shows pen power, and the front should be vigorous and vigorous.
(4) The reverse front means that the pen tip runs in the opposite direction, and the reverse front is used to write the hidden front. This method hides the traces of brush strokes in it, making the brush strokes delicate and full, and preparing for the brush strokes after writing. When Feng Lu started writing, he walked along the front of the pen without looking back, or the end of the pen did not look back, but went straight, indicating that SF had a sense of elegance and fluency. But don't expose the front for too long, it will produce the feeling of light oil, so pay attention to the discretion. In a sense, forward striker and backward striker are the concrete manifestations of exposed striker and hidden striker.
(5) Fang Bi and round pen are two different forms of strokes. Generally speaking, Fang Bi is angular, and a round pen is not angular. Fang Bi used the method of "bending the pen" to form edges and corners at the beginning and end of stippling lines, that is, "folding into a square", giving people a feeling of being vigorous, straight and rigorous. The round pen uses the method of "lifting the pen to turn round" to form a rounded trend at the beginning and end of the dotted line, which makes it not show bones and muscles, and contains powerful power, that is, "turning round". Understand that Fang Bi and the round pen are different pen forms. Fang Bi and round pen are the basic forms of calligraphy lines.
(6) The direction of the pen is closely related to the five-finger grip, and the pressure, hook, grid and touch in the grip control the left and right, left and right, vertical and horizontal movements and the final advance and retreat movements. The front of the pen is vertical, which means that the front of the pen is vertical to the paper, and all pen lifting, squatting and squatting are vertical movements. The lateral movement of the pen is a variety of lateral strokes, which are characterized by grasping, moving, frustrating, grasping, turning and twisting. Generally speaking, the vertical movement of the pen refers to lifting, and attention should be paid to the appropriate weight when lifting; The lateral movement of the pen refers to stretching, and attention should be paid to the thickness change during stretching.
Pick up the pen, the pen tip should not be the same thickness when writing stippling, and pick up the pen when stippling requires thinning. Therefore, raising rice is relative and interdependent. Pen lifting is mostly used in the middle of horizontal painting, at the turning point of words, when the front is exposed.
(7) When using a pen, the stippling of lines should become thicker and more prominent, and you should press it hard. The so-called pen that "penetrates the back of the paper for food" is often used at the closing or turning point of words, and its strength is greater than that of "squatting pen" and "leaving pen".
The method of squatting and lifting a pen is like a pen, but the pressure can be lighter. There is a transition between the lightness and fineness of stippling, that is, squatting pen, squatting pen and squatting pen are commonly used in stroke transition. Therefore, it plays the role of adjusting pen change.
(8) In using a pen, the pen power is less than "hiding" and "squatting". For a short transition gap between the end of the last pen movement and the beginning of the next pen movement, that is, "pause", a force can be applied to the paper. This is to prepare for the next stroke. For example, you should pause before starting and closing the pen, pause the pen before pausing, and then press it. Others, such as before you stop writing at the turning point, before you stop writing, you should keep your pen and be momentum-oriented.
(9) Absorb the pen, that is, when lifting the pen, move up and down. When writing a tick, the pen that fell behind the pen suddenly turned upside down, which is this pen. Because the pen goes against the trend, it increases the friction between the pen tip and the paper surface, enriches and strengthens the pen force, and makes the stippling lines more vigorous.
(10) A stroke is a stroke that suddenly stops when the pen is lifted to change direction. Most strokes are at the corner, and then the pen is slightly lifted to rotate the pen tip, thus changing the direction. It can be seen that the frustration of the pen refers to the slight position movement of the pen after pressing, which makes the brushwork more perfect to make up for the shortcomings in the pressing process.
(12) Grabbing refers to the action of writing in the air first or pulling back in the air when writing. Grabbing a pen is similar to folding, but the folding speed is slow, while grasping a pen is a quick instantaneous action.
(13) Zhubi has two meanings. First, round pens are used more than folding pens. That is, when writing and raising a pen, it is a continuous line when turning left and right, and when stippling, it pauses a little, and it seems inseparable when connected.
Folding the pen is a common method used by Fang Bi to "turn the pen". When folding the pen, the pen tip turns from the positive side to the negative side, that is, "Fang Bi flips", thus showing the square edges and corners, and bringing out the square trend with the pen folding action. The speed of folding the pen is faster than that of turning it, so as to form a vigorous and powerful situation.