Some imagine from calligraphy creation, such as Li Bai's cursive "Song", "My teacher leaned on the rope bed after being drunk and swept thousands of copies in an instant." Wind and rain shake the rustling, falling flowers and snow. Stand up, don't stop by the wall. A row of numbers is as big as a bucket. Wandering is like smelling ghosts and gods, always seeing dragons and snakes go far away. The left plate and the right plate were dumbfounded, and they looked like they were attacking Chu and Han. "
Some people imagine from stippling, for example, Zhu listed Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy as a masterpiece in the continuation of the Song Dynasty. He also commented: "The point is like a falling stone, the painting is like Xia Yun, the hook is like gold, and the bow is like a crossbow. There are images in both vertical and horizontal directions, and there is a low posture. Since the dedication, no one has said it. " Wang Xizhi also said: "A husband's point is like a big stone, or a squatting owl, or a tadpole, or a melon petal, or a chestnut, or a swallow's mouth, or a rat's excrement." He also said, "The law of husband and wife is as steep as a long pine leaning on a valley, as if it were about to fall, and as if it were a crossbow of a hundred horses." It's hard to be poor by doing what you want. Put it like a bow and arrow, collect it like a tiger fighting Yue Long, as straight as a golden pine in the valley, and bend it like a hook to fish. Leng was cut once, but fell on a cliff. Tianmen leaps, the four seas are quiet, and the five mountains are sealed; Jade candles cover the sun and the moon, and embroidery turns over brocade. "
Some imagine from the structure, Cai Yong, a great calligrapher in the later Han Dynasty, said: "Anyone who wants to construct fonts must be like one thing. If it is in the shape of a bird, if it is a tree, if it is supported vertically and horizontally, it will be a book. "
Some imagine from the composition or style, Liang Wudi Xiao Yan of the Southern Dynasties said that "Zhong You's calligraphy is like a cloud, and many people play in the sea"; "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is vigorous, like a dragon leaping into the sky and a tiger lying in a phoenix pavilion", "Wei's birthday book is like a tiger vibrating and nervous"; "Zhang Zhishu, like Hanwu, loves Tao and wants to be immortal by emptiness"; "Xiao Ziyun's book is like a dangerous peak that blocks the sunshine and is lonely."
The concrete imagination in calligraphy appreciation depends on the abstract art of calligraphy. In calligraphy, the concrete imagination comes from the similarity of reality. For example, before Zhao Ziang wrote the word "Zi" in the Yuan Dynasty, he repeatedly practiced drawing the shape of a bird flying, and finally made the word "Zi" have the image of a bird, and the appreciator naturally followed suit and imagined it vividly; Or it looks realistic and concrete. For example, Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is like "Jing Qing presses the sword, Fan Kuai holds the shield, King Kong shines, and Lux punches". Calligraphy is naturally spiritual. Spirit likeness is essentially some formal factors, some meanings and abstract communication with reality in calligraphy. Han Yu said: "In the past, Zhang Xushan cursive script could not be cured by other techniques. Emotion, embarrassment, poverty, sadness, happiness, longing, resentment, drunkenness, boredom, injustice, emotions must be expressed in cursive script. Looking at things, you can see mountains and rivers, cliffs and canyons, birds, animals, insects, fish, flowers and plants, sun, moon and stars, wind, rain, fire, thunder and lightning, song and dance battles, changes in heaven and earth, which are gratifying and embarrassing. " How to "contain" can only be abstract When appreciating, abstraction can return to concreteness in imagination.
For the concrete imagination of calligraphy, let's take a look at the axis of Dong Qichang's Seven-character Poem of Zhang Ji (also known as Roaming with Jia Dao), with the size of 145. 1cm×34.7cm, which is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The words written are:
Water plants are new in the north and new in the south, and warm snow does not produce dust. There are countless chariots and horses in the city. How many people can solve the problem?
Department: "Its prosperity." The clock is printed with "Dong Shi Xuanzhai", "Dazhuan" and "Xuanshangzhai". The collection is printed with "Hezhou Collection" and "Wei Zifu Painting and Calligraphy Collection".
The poems in this book show an indifferent, calm and pleasant artistic conception. Yes, there are so many chariots and horses chasing fame and fortune in the city, but who can understand people's extraordinary leisure in the snowy, cool and warm spring, in Yuan Ye with sparkling green water and gloomy grass?
So can this book form such an artistic conception?
This book is vertical, with 28 words and three lines. There is a big gap between lines, and only two words are written in the last line. In this case, the average calligrapher may have more characters, such as writing time and place, poem name, author name and so on. But Dong Qichang only wrote two small words "Jichang", leaving a big blank, which is really an abstract form of blank.
From another point of view, there are three words in this work that use long strokes, namely "new", "middle" and "line", which are generally evenly distributed, forming a relatively dense, dense and dense rhythm, which is also a bell-shaped rhythm, giving people a sense of tranquility. Moreover, only from the perspective of three super-long strokes, it also gives people a comfortable and relaxed feeling, and creates a harmonious artistic conception with poetry from another angle.
Thirdly, the lines of this work are smooth, and the combination of 1 1 with more than two words, combined with this fluency, can easily remind people of the poetic meaning of running water singing, and can form a comfortable synaesthesia, thus forming the overall artistic conception of calligraphy works with the first two factors, * * *, and imagining the picture of traveling in spring under the guidance of the direction of poetry works.
It looks like an object, but it looks like a feeling Calligraphy is based on emotion. Zhang Huaiguan said in "On Characters": "To test the reasons for his intention, from the heart to the top, from the head to the bottom."
Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty said, "Calligraphers paint with their hearts." Zhu explained: "If you are interested, so is what you say in your heart." Sun Sun also said in the article "Shang Yi: The Essence of China's Calligraphy": "Calligraphy is the symbol of the soul, and it is the display or expression of the soul. If the general writing of Chinese characters is the need of survival, then calligraphy is the need of life and the unspeakable inner' invisibility' driven by the subject's emotions. " However, if a calligrapher wants to express this kind of affection in his heart, it must only be a dance with shackles. Only by relying on abstract calligraphy form can this calligraphy form reveal an abstract meaning in a suggestive way. We appreciate calligraphy works, first, the significance of formal factors; One is the imagination level of formal factors, which can include auditory concrete imagination and visual concrete imagination. Mingji Chen Ru commented on Ou Yangxun's masterpiece "The Ritual Spring Inscription of Jiucheng Palace". "If you go from the mountains to people, you are thin, hard and cold, but you are arrogant, you can make the king bend his knees, but you can drive without carving." Here, "thin, hard and cold" is the level of meaning, and "from deep mountains to people" is the level of imagination. Liang Wudi described Xiao Ziyun's calligraphy as "a book is like a dangerous peak blocking the eyes, a solitary pine, a strong man can carry a sword, a strong man bends a bow, a man hunts tigers, and his mind is fierce and his blade is difficult to handle". There is no meaning level here, only imagination level, so it gives people a sense of mystery. If we appreciate a calligraphy work with only one level of meaning, we will also form a sense of beauty in our hearts, such as beauty, beauty and elegance.
On the other hand, some of its specific images are in harmony with the contents of the book, such as the works of Dong Qichang in the above example; Some people are not sure about the direction of imagination. For example, if the book has a grand abstract meaning, they can imagine stormy waves, towering mountains, strong men whistling and strong winds shaking the earth. This can be divided into two categories: the content imagination direction of formal sense and the natural imagination direction. In a word, the basis of imagination is the formal meaning contained in the abstract form of calligraphy, or the formal words, which determines the directionality of imagination, that is, the content of imagination must have such meaning connotation. This meaning is expressed by adjectives and can be understood by artistic minds.
Imagination is sometimes an artistic synaesthesia. Russian composer rimsky? Kosakov said: "All tonality, melody and chords, at least for me, can only be encountered in nature, in colorful clouds or colorful sunshine and the wonderful flicker of the Northern Lights! There are real c keys, b keys, a keys, all the sounds you want to see. " Music is like this, so is calligraphy, which will also produce artistic synaesthesia. With vigorous, bold and high-spirited calligraphy works, you may hear heroic symphonies, soft, euphemistic and quiet calligraphy works, and you may feel that you are enjoying the folk music "Moonlit Night on a Spring River".
One imagination at a time, one word at a time, is often uncoordinated on the whole, for example, "Look at the difference between the husband hanging the needle and revealing the needle, the strangeness of running thunder and falling rocks, the terror of flying beasts, the state of snakes dancing in fear, and the dangerous shape." Or the cloud collapses, or it is as light as a cicada's wing, which leads to the sound of spring and leads to the mountain. Just like the first month on the horizon, it is falling among the stars. With the beauty of nature, you can't force it; Loyalty can be said to be both intelligent and skillful, and the heart and luck are very smooth ... "So, instead of imagining from the overall artistic conception of calligraphy, it is better to imagine from the image of calligraphy.