Missing Nu Wa and Red Cliff —— Su Shi
The river of no return, a first-class figure with a long history. To the west of the old base, there is a rich collection of people: Chibi, Zhou Lang, where the three countries stand. Rocks and clouds are falling, waves are hitting the shore and thousands of piles of snow are being rolled up. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. The world is like a dream, a statue is still on the moon.
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Nian Nujiao: epigraph name, also known as "hundred-character order". Disyllabic, 100, rhyming, more tones. Zhou Yu broke Cao Cao's Chibi in Pu Yin County, Hubei Province, and Su Shi traveled to Huangzhou Chibi and Chibiyan.
Great River: Yangtze River.
When the waves run out, the first-class figures in the eternal romantic flow: outstanding figures for thousands of years, have been washed away by the rolling east waves. Wash, wash. A first-rate figure, an outstanding figure in history.
Old base area: an ancient old camp.
Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu.
Chibi: Place name, Zhou Yu once defeated Cao Jun in Chibi.
Rocks pass through the air: steep and uneven stone walls go straight into the sky.
Roll up a thousand piles of snow: The rolled waves are like a thousand piles of snow.
How many heroes were there: How many heroes were produced at that time.
Gong Jin: Zhou Yu's name.
Xiao Qiao: Zhou Yu's wife.
Yingzi: Describe Zhou Yu's heroic spirit and high spirits.
Feather fan nylon (ɡuān) towel: Holding a feather fan in hand and wearing a nylon towel was the dress of the literati as a marshal at that time. A scarf made of black silk.
After all: a tool for rocking a boat. Qiang, the mast of the ship.
Destroyed in ashes: The fleet was burned and disappeared like soot.
Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo was born early: Ying Xiao Wo was sentimental, which made him grow white hair prematurely. Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo, that is, the inversion of "smile should be affectionate".
Return a statue to the moon on the Yangtze River: Let's drink a glass of wine to the moon in the river. Zun, wine vessel. Zhu, sprinkle wine to pay homage.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
The Yangtze River flowing eastward is like a long river of time. For thousands of years, it has lost generations of outstanding talents. To the west of Laoying, it is said that Zhou Lang broke the Red Cliff of Cao Bing in the Three Kingdoms. The steep and uneven rock wall goes straight into the sky, and the amazing waves beat against the river bank, rolling up thousands of snow-like waves. Picturesque rivers and mountains, how many heroes were created in that period!
Looking back on Zhou Gongjin in those days, Xiao Qiao just married him. What a dignified gesture. Feather in hand, hair towel on head, Cao Jun's warships were reduced to ashes in smoke and fire. Shuttling between ancient battlefields, you have to laugh at my sentimentality and premature birth of white hair. A person's life is actually like a dream, so let's use this glass of wine to pay homage to the bright moon on the river!
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Su Shi (1037-1101) was born in Meishan (now meishan county, Sichuan). He comes from a well-educated family, and his father Su Xun is famous for his articles. His mother taught him to read Chinese books when he was young, and he was a scholar in the second year of Jiayou (1057). Su Shi is a famous writer and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. In particular, ci has achieved the highest achievement, which is unprecedented. He expanded the theme and connotation of ci, broke the shackles of expressing love and sorrow, and created a generation of ci style with bold and open style, vertical and horizontal brushwork and lofty artistic conception.
In July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1082), Su Dongpo, who was demoted as an assistant of the Huangzhou Regiment for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform, took a boat trip to Chibi. Facing the ancient battlefield, the poet was sad and wrote this eternal swan song. In his poems, the author expresses his admiration for heroes and his yearning for heroic cause by tracing back to the past, and expresses his anguish that he cannot display his talents and ambitions.
Shangque: Recite Chibi and express your feelings immediately. By describing the ancient battlefield, the poet's nostalgia for the ancient heroes is expressed.
"The river of no return, the waves are exhausted, and the eternal wind is first-class." The work begins with the scene of "the river of no return", and the water of the Yangtze River gives people a rushing momentum and magnificent beauty. The surging river, which runs day and night, makes people feel the passage of time and history, causing infinite nostalgia for the heroes of the past. Touching the scene not only describes the scenery of the great river in front of us, but also points out that it is nostalgic, magnificent and full of emotion. The word "the waves are exhausted" implicitly and powerfully expresses the author's feelings of mourning for the ancient battlefield. In this way, the beginning also set off the environment and rendered the atmosphere for the following description of Chibi and the memory of Zhou Yu.
"On the west side of the old base, the humanities are: Chibi, Zhou Lang and the Three Kingdoms." Explain the location, time and people of the ancient battlefield, point out the significance of the problem, and draw memories of the Three Kingdoms War. Clever use of Lenovo's expression techniques will bring readers into the review of that war-torn historical scene.
"Rocks are flying in the air, and the waves hit the shore, rolling up thousands of piles of snow." This sentence describes the scenery of Chibi from the front, which is to outline the grandeur of the ancient battlefield with dynamic brushwork. Its purpose is to hint at the war scene at that time and inspire readers to imagine the fierce fighting at that time and the heroic fighting charm of Zhou Yu's command of the water army. Words and expressions not only express the author's feelings for great rivers and mountains, but also pave the way for the following praise of Zhou Yu.
"Jiangshan is picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time." The author returned to reality from the thoughts of mourning the ancient battlefield. Heroes pass away like the flowing water of the Yangtze River, leaving only picturesque mountains and rivers and "I" who have made no achievements. Structurally, the previous clause is a generalization and summary of the above, which is a continuation; The latter sentence is an echo of the sentence "a first-class man of eternal love" and the beginning of the latter sentence, which paves the way for Zhou Yu's next writing and is another link connecting the preceding with the following.
Xiaque: Huai, express your feelings. With the help of admiration for Zhou Yu, I express my feelings of achieving nothing.
"Imagine Gong Jin, early married, a pistol. Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing and laughing, broken into smoke. " In these two sentences, the author uses the method of writing from point to area, and selects one point from many first-class cultural relics-Zhou Yu-for a detailed description. "Xiao Qiao is young and handsome, handsome and graceful" and "talking and laughing, vanishing" describe his general demeanor and his outstanding ability to command and fight with soldiers. The author focuses on writing Zhou Yu, not only to mourn the ancients, but also to express the anguish of hard-to-pay ambition. Zhou Yu is young and promising, with outstanding achievements, and is famous in history. However, at the age of nearly half a century, he suffered from relegation. Such hardships will naturally be sad, and only by firmly grasping the past can he get rid of it.
"The old country fell, sentimental Ying Xiao Wo, early years." Feel the life experience, sigh that life is short and impermanent, and the mood changes from excitement to depression.
"Life is like a dream, a statue is still on the moon." Lyric by drinking wine, suppressing feelings, making the work tearful. In addition to the heroism of pursuing achievement, there is also a negative and pessimistic emotion, which is an objective reflection of the limitations of class and times, without losing the heroism of pursuing achievement.
In terms of writing, this word feels ancient and modern, vigorous and desolate, magnificent, bringing people back to picturesque scenery and profound historical meditation, calling readers' infinite feelings and thoughts on life. In addition, the works skillfully integrate scenery, personnel and philosophy, giving people artistic beauty. (20xx-9-2)
Nian Nujiao is nostalgic for the original text of Chibi, and translated and appreciated 2 "The water of a river does not return", a romantic figure through the ages.
Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs.
The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow.
The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit.
A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes.
I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely.
Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.
-Song Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia.
Translation and annotation
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The water of the great river keeps rolling eastward, and the surging waves wash away the heroes of the ages.
West of Laoying, people say it is the Red Cliff where Zhou Lang defeated Cao Bing in the Three Kingdoms.
There are many rocks on the shore, as if to pierce the sky. Amazing waves beat against the river bank, stirring up waves like thousands of piles of snow.
The majestic mountains and rivers are picturesque, and how many heroes have emerged at one time.
In retrospect, Zhou Yu was proud of his spring breeze, and Xiao Qiao just married him, looking dashing and radiant.
The hand-waving feather fan wore a nylon scarf, and during the conversation, the battleship of the strong enemy was burned to ashes.
Now immersed in the ancient battlefield, wandering in the past. Ironically, I have so much nostalgia for the past that my temples are as white as old age.
Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay homage to the bright moon on the river.
To annotate ...
Niannujiao: the name of the epigraph. Also known as "Hundred Characters Order" and "Qi Jiang Yue". Chibi: This refers to the "Red Nose Rock" in the west of Huanggang, Hubei Province. Chibi, the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, is considered by the cultural circles to be in the northwest of Puyin County, chibi city City, Hubei Province.
Dajiang: refers to the Yangtze River.
Tao: Wash, wash.
Romantic figure: refers to an outstanding historical celebrity.
Old base: a camp left over from the past.
Zhou Lang: This refers to Zhou Yu, a famous soldier of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, whose name was Gong Jin. He was a successful young man. At the age of 24, he was a corps commander who was in charge of the heavy army in Wu Dong. Wuzhong is called "Zhou Lang". The following "Gong Jin" refers to Zhou Yu.
Snow: a metaphor for waves.
Think far: describe thinking far; memory
Xiao Qiao's first marriage (Li m︱o): According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Yuchuan, Zhou Yu attacked Anhui from Sun Ce. Cezi Bridge, You Na Bridge. "Joe, this is a bridge. Ten years have passed since Battle of Red Cliffs, and the word "first marriage" here means that his youth is proud and charming.
Magnificent and heroic (fā): refers to Zhou Yu's extraordinary physical appearance and excellent conversation. English hair, extraordinary speech, excellent knowledge.
Guān towel: the casual clothes of ancient Confucian generals. Feather fan, a fan made of feathers. Black silk and scarves made of black silk.
Qiánglǔ incarnation: This refers to Cao Cao's naval warships. Hang, hang the mast. Paddles, paddles for rocking boats. Rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder stern; 3333333333; 333333333333
Old Country Drift: Old Country Drift: This refers to the old place, the battlefield of Chibi in those days.
Fugue: Traveling in imagination and dreams.
"Affectionate" sentence: "Ying Xiao Wo is affectionate, and Fahua was born early".
Fahua: Gray hair.
(huán) Statue of Jiang Yue (lèi): The ancients paid tribute to the moon and poured wine on the ground. Here refers to sprinkling wine to pay for the moon and pinning feelings. Zun: the same as "bottle" and wine glass.
A powerful enemy refers to Cao Jun. Lu: a disparaging term for the enemy.
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This word is nostalgic and lyrical, which means that it kills one's courage and turns to pay attention to history and life with a broad-minded heart. Shangcheng mainly describes the natural scenery of Loki in Chibi, with broad artistic conception and deep feelings. From the pen, Lingyun Jianju and Baoju are powerful. Combine the mighty river with the eternal personnel.
Isn't it sad that the romantic figures of the ages were swept away by the big waves? Su Shi, on the other hand, has another experience: since it is the necessity of romantic figures throughout the ages, how can he lament his shame and poverty! Since human beings have achieved the same goal through different routes, it is too pedantic to focus only on temporary fame and fortune. The next two sentences cut into the theme of nostalgia, focusing on the Red Cliff in the Three Kingdoms. The word "human nature is" is very measured. Battle of Red Cliffs's hometown is controversial. It has been changed to chibi city, Puyin County, Hubei Province. But there are four places in Hubei province with the same name as Chibi, and the other three are near Huanggang, Wuchang and Hanyang. When Su Shi visited the Red Cliff in Huanggang, he seemed unsure, so he used the word "human nature is", which led to the following discussion.
The following five sentences are about the spectacular sight of the surging river. Among them, verbs such as "wear", "pat" and "roll" are used incisively and vividly. "Picturesque" is a general sentence about scenery. How many heroes are there at a time is a transition from scenery to people.
Su Shi's focus is on Zhou Lang in The History of the Three Kingdoms, so the exploration was all triggered by Zhou Lang. The first five sentences are about the Red Cliff War. Similar to Zhou Yu's talking and laughing debate, it is effortless for the author to describe such a vigorous war. From the beginning of the phrase "romantic figures through the ages" to "how many heroes at one time", and then to "thinking about Gong Jin from afar", the line of sight kept closing, and finally focused on Zhou Yu. However, what Zhou Yu wrote was not his great wisdom and courage, but only his elegant and romantic temperament.
People who don't pay attention to it often regard "feather fan black silk scarf" as another name of Zhuge Liang, because Zhuge Liang's clothing is famous for its feather fan black silk scarf. But in the Three Kingdoms, this is the usual costume of Confucian generals. Song people often call Zhou Yu a feather fan, such as Dai Fugu's poem "Red Cliff": "Zhou Gongjin has been here for thousands of years. The British wind waved the feather fan and the fire broke the boat. "
Su Shi praised Zhou Yu's elegance and calmness here, but his feelings were complicated. The Old Country was transferred from Zhou Lang to himself. Zhou Yu was thirty-four when he broke Cao Cao, and Su Shi was forty-seven when he wrote this word. Confucius once said, "If you are 450 without knowledge, you are not afraid of yourself." Su Shi came from Zhou Yu's youth and thought of his ups and downs, so he came up with a sentence of "Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo", which seems light, but in fact it has a gloomy meaning. But Su Shi is Su Shi after all. He is not a cold Confucian who shows compassion for others, but a wise man who breaks human humiliation. Therefore, after realizing his own sorrow, he did not indulge in suffering and hurt himself like Li Yu in the southern Tang Dynasty, but observed Zhou Yu and himself in the whole history of Jiangshan. In Su Shi's view, what about Zhou Yu, who was chic and calm and famous? I thought it was washed away by the big waves. In this way, Su Shi is beyond sorrow. "Life knows what it looks like everywhere, and it should be like stepping through the snow in Hong Fei. If you accidentally leave a finger claw on the mud, Hong Fei can no longer count things "("He Zi You Mianchi Nostalgia "). Therefore, after comparing Su Shi and Zhou Yu, we can see that his achievements are not as good as Zhou Yu's, but when it comes to the development law and universal destiny of all mankind, there is not much difference between the two sides. So thoughtful, come to the conclusion that "life is like a dream, a bottle is a month later". As he said in the words of "Xijiang Moon": "The world is full of dreams, and the autumn is crisp." Negative pessimism is not the true meaning of life, but the heroic song of life. Since the world is like a dream, why not sprinkle wine in the reflection of the bright moon in the middle of the river, get rid of depression, enjoy the infinite from the limited, and let the spirit be free. His "Red Cliff Fu" written at the same time is more clear and decisive here: "Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can make you feel beautiful when you meet them. It is inexhaustible and inexhaustible, and it is the creator's endless treasure. My son and I are suitable. " This transcendental and far-reaching text is now "Zhuangzi? A copy of the thought of "The Theory of Everything". But Zhuangzi used it to escape from reality, and Su Shi used it to transcend reality.
The Huangzhou period was a turning point in Su Shi's thought, and it was also a period when he kept maturing and wise, thus preserving his natural personality and pure spirit. This poem Nian Nu Jiao and several poems of the same period reveal this clue for us.
Since its publication, this word has experienced two completely different fates, and people named after it, such as Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua, are even more called "masterpieces of ancient and modern times". As Yu Wenbao's "Continued Blowing Sword Record" said: "Dongpo has a good teacher in Yutang. Because I asked,' What is my character like Liu Qi?' That's right, Liu Langzhong said: "Liu Langzhong's words had to marry 178 girls, with red fangs, and sing' The Remnant Moon of Xiao Feng in Yang Liuan'. Bachelor degree, you must be a Kansai man, holding an iron plate and singing' River of No Return'. Volkswagen was completely defeated. "On the surface, Mu Shizhi's words distinguish the different styles of Liu and Su Ci from singing, but it implies that Su Ci deviates from the traditional style of Ci. In the Qing Dynasty, some people even thought that this word was "flat and flat" (Ding's Autumn Sound Listening to Ci), and Zhu Yizun's Ci Comprehensive was detailed and dialectical, which was also critical.
Nian Nujiao is the work of Su Shi after he was relegated to Huangzhou. Su Shi is a scholar of 2 1 year old. Before the age of 30, he lived in the study most of the time, and his career was bumpy. With the political turmoil in the Northern Song Dynasty, he experienced several ups and downs. 43-year-old Yuan Feng was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems satirizing the new law. After he was released from prison, he was demoted to assistant to the ambassador who should be stationed in Huangzhou forever. This is an idle post. He practiced in the old city camp, traveled and visited the ancient times, and was frustrated politically, which bred his thoughts and emotions of escaping from reality and being powerless. However, because of his open-minded mind, inspired by the majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland and historical figures, he wrote a series of famous articles, represented by this word.
The word Niannujiao is divided into two parts. I chanted Red Cliff in the upper court, and I was pregnant with Zhou Yu in the lower court, mourning the past and hurting myself, and ended up with my own feelings. The author mourns the past, misses the heroes of the past, and thinks about his own setbacks through the heroic achievements of the past. I can't make contributions, and my ambition is hard to pay. The lyrics express my inner worry and anger.
Shangque's "Red Cliff Fu" focuses on scenery as a foil to describe characters. The first three sentences not only write the momentum of great rivers, but also summarize the heroes of the ages and express their yearning for heroes. Draw the chanting characters under the guise of "human nature is" The use of words like "chaos", "wear", "shock", "beat" and "roll" skillfully and uniquely outlines the dangers of the ancient battlefield and writes its magnificent scenes, thus rendering the environmental atmosphere for the heroes in the Chibi War pursued by the next film.
Xiaque mainly writes people, and expresses her feelings of achieving nothing by admiring Zhou Yu. The purpose of writing "Xiao Qiao" is to set off Zhou Yu's brilliance and high spirits and highlight the charm of the characters. The description of Zhou Yu's exploits in the middle is intended to set off his inaction in his later years. Although the last words of "sentimental" express sadness, this feeling is actually a manifestation of the poet's unwillingness to sink, positive progress and hard work, and he still remains a hero.
Write a chest block with a heroic mood.
The poet is an open-minded person. Although he was frustrated politically, he never lost confidence in life. This word epitomizes his complex feelings. Although the style of writing in Ci is frustrated, it is magnificent, which is obviously different from the works of frustrated literati with the same theme. The heroic mood in Ci is first manifested in the description of the scenery in Chibi. The extraordinary weather of the Yangtze River and the dangers of the ancient battlefield all give people a grand feeling. Zhou Yu's heroism and achievements are enviable.