The head shines with the aura brought by ancestors, and the vast land trodden by horses. The descendant of this family-12 generation Dege Tusi Tudenzeren is not complacent. In order to continue to expand the territory, consolidate and improve the political system of "the unity of politics and religion" and feudal serfdom, as the chieftain in charge of the military and political power in Dege area, he realized that the Tibetan people who had created characters burned the fragile "pages" on horseback almost continuously for a long time, and he could no longer devour the fragile wisdom with stupid actions as in the past. Can you achieve the effect of "martial arts" by means of "literature" and find a place to live with a long history? Therefore, he decided to build a Buddhist scripture printing institute to promote Buddhism, control Buddhism and consolidate family rule.
Silent Yuan is the holy land of religion and culture. Where should it be built? One day, Tuden Zeren walked out of Guanzhai with a lot of thoughts, only to see the dazzling sunshine shining on the mountains that have risen and the sparse vegetation in the empty Shan Ye, burning golden yellow with the golden dome of Guanzhai, and the bare sand and gravel leading to the floodplain was as hot as a pilgrimage heart, shining in the sun. The village in front of the village and the forest behind the village are piled into a golden, brilliant dream. Singing like a song, golden domes, red walls and prayer wheels are shaking in front of our eyes, colorful prayer flags are ringing, and the mantra of chanting is floating in the hall surrounded by incense and fog. If these scenes only appeared in Tuden Zeren's mind at that time, he was particularly surprised by the scene that suddenly happened in front of him: a Tibetan rushed to the front of Tusi Guanzhai with a herd of cattle, and the cattle somehow ran away in fright and threw the goods on the ground. Tudengzeren was surprised. When he asked, he realized that the Tibetan was from the other side of Jinsha River (now Jiangda, Tibet). He carved a classic version of "Chanduo" to propose a toast. This place is near Guanzhai, with mountains behind it and rivers in front. Scriptures are everywhere, and Buddhism is boundless. After Tudengzeren closed his eyes and meditated, he immediately turned anger into joy and even said, OK, OK, the Seal Academy was built here.
As a result, the outline of the printing academy built next to Guancun was soon outlined in his mind. 3rd Floor, Yindi Jingyuan 1
A building with an area of nearly 3000 meters, three floors and a building area of nearly 10,000 square meters is not a big project today. However, it was not easy to build this building in Tibetan area (1729) more than 200 years ago. At that time, Tudengzeren collected thousands of poor people to cut wood, level the foundation, cut mountains, chisel stones and carve scriptures. These basic works took 65,438+00 years until the soul of the toaster returned to heaven. I don't know how Tuden explained to later generations when he was alive, and I don't know what family rules he made. Just like the legendary ordinary and great foolish man who is almost a household name in China, in the construction of imperial academy, I lost a son and a grandson. Generation after generation of toast did not hesitate to take over the burden of his predecessor, rain or shine, striding forward. Those policemen exchanged sons for fathers and brothers for brothers, and they worked hard for a long time without any regrets. After four generations of toast, it took 30 years to build the third floor of 1 printing academy. The Great Wall in Wan Li, China is listed as one of the eight wonders of the world. Gesar in Tibetan areas of China is called the longest epic in the world. As the hometown of Gesar, the printing plate of the Printing Institute is also a miracle. A cultural epic, Dege, which is remote and backward, carries Tibetan culture more than 200 years ago and promotes Buddhism. It is really too heavy. However, this family and Dege people just stood up and shouldered this burden. Tens of millions of poor people in Qian Qian put all their efforts, sweat and wisdom into the Academy of Printing Scriptures, and today's Academy of Printing Scriptures has Wan Li's ink fragrance.
Today, there are more than 200,000 printing plates in the warehouse of the Institute of Printing Classics. Among these printing plates, there are classics, historical books and painting plates, which store 70% of the ancient books of Tibetan culture. They are the Great Wall of Tibetan culture, the epic of culture and the miracle of culture. Just watching the production of printing plates will be shocking. The printing plate is made of red birch. Every autumn, the policemen go up the mountain to cut down trees, choose straight and knotless trunks, cut them into pieces with a length of 10* 100 cm and a thickness of 4 cm, smoke them with low fire, and put them in septic tanks for a winter.
The next year, the wood blocks were taken out, boiled in water, dried, polished and planed to make the prototype board. Sculptors carve according to the words written by skilled calligraphers on paper molds. Usually, a skilled craftsman can only complete one-sided engraving of a printing plate every day, and it takes about 10 days to complete one-sided text engraving of a painting plate. For example, it took 65,438+000 calligraphers three years and 500 craftsmen five years to print and engrave the 265,438+03 part of the book. Without these plates, perhaps many important contents of people in Xizang's cultural history would be nowhere to be found. From this point of view, it is necessary to re-understand and further explore the printing academy that preserves history. The printing house is not only a "yard", but also a combination of publishing house and printing house in today's words. Managing this complex is not easy. Fortunately, the Indian Academy has a strict management system. For example, the library has a management system of fire prevention, insect prevention and moisture prevention, and printing plates should be inspected, registered and signed when entering and leaving the library. Without the permission of the toaster, no one has the right to change the layout and handle the printing plate. In addition to the toast, a large number of Tibetan people have worked hard to protect this Buddhist scripture printing house, so that it has not become a ruin eroded by years.
In modern society, this protection work has become a social system engineering. Generation after generation of document managers have worked hard to organize libraries and repair printing plates. It was only in the 1970s and 1980s that the state allocated huge sums of money to carry out large-scale maintenance of Indian academies again and again. Now, the Academy of Printing Classics has become a national key cultural relic protection unit and a good place for people to visit. Of course, the printing plates of the printing institute need to be excavated and sorted out. However, in the modern information society, the significance of its existence is not to give the society the knowledge of the actual content of the printed version, but to exist as a phenomenon of cultural undertakings, reminding people how important culture is in political, military and social life.
Of course, the rich Tibetan medical literature has been used in the Indian Academy ever since. Dege Institute of Tibetan Medicine, which was listed as a key scientific research unit in the Seventh Five-Year Plan, organized Tibetan doctors to learn classic Tibetan medicines according to the printed contents, and has compiled more than 10 medical classics such as Notes to Four Medical Codes, and developed 10 kinds of Tibetan medicines with magical effects on treating chronic diseases, which gained a high reputation in the society. At the same time, the rich cultural accumulation of Indian academies has attracted the attention of a large number of Chinese and foreign scholars. Ren Naiqiang, a famous historian in China and a professor at Sichuan University, Gele, the first Tibetan doctor, and Pincuo Wang Jie, the first Tibetan philosopher in Marxism–Leninism, have all been here. After 700 years' journey, the Dege Tusi family has gone extinct with the historical pace of destroying feudal serfdom. As the inheritance of Tibetan culture, the Indian Academy of Scripture still stands in dege county. Dege, the birthplace of today's Kangba standard Tibetan language, has something to do with the rich cultural accumulation of Indian academies.
The history of Indian colleges tells us that culture is the accumulation of a generation. Changing the quality of national spirit is a process in which culture plays an important role. As the accumulator and preserver of printed history books, it is in this process that intellectuals consciously or unconsciously play an irreplaceable role. The cultural heritage of Xiyuan is that it is a banner of Tibetan traditional culture. With the seal academy, Dege has a heavy weight in the history of Tibetan culture.