1, Han people moved to the frontier to develop the frontier economy; Ethnic groups in the border areas moved into the Central Plains, and people in the south of the Yangtze River strengthened ethnic integration.
2. The Khitans and Jurchens who lived in the Yellow River valley during the Liao and Jin Dynasties were regarded as Han Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty.
3. A new ethnic Hui nationality began to form.
4. The Yuan Dynasty established the Zheng Xuan Academy in the central government to take charge of Tibetan areas, and Tibet became the official administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty.
5. The Yuan Dynasty set up a patrol inspection department in Penghu to administer Penghu and Ryukyu (Taiwan Province Province).