Teaching plan background
Chinese teaching design under the background of new curriculum should be flexible and leave no "blank". The presupposition and generation of Chinese teaching should be a contradictory unity. The "blank space" in Chinese painting and the "blank space" in calligraphy leave people with infinite imagination and unique beauty of freehand brushwork. This is incomparable to western painting. This is just like a good article can be written in a real and imaginary way, and it can also be written in a real and imaginary way. The most perfect situation is the combination of reality and reality. Why shouldn't Chinese classes be like this? We should pay attention to the certainty of Chinese subject, but don't be confused by its uncertainty. The characteristics of Chinese subject determine that the learning process of Chinese should be: multiple conclusions, open process and multi-directional thinking.
Teaching analysis
Kong Yiji is a short story, but it profoundly reflects Kong Yiji's life tragedy and the whole social world. It exposed the sufferings of scholars who were hurt by the feudal imperial examination system, and it was a movement against the feudal system and feudal culture and education. The novel makes full use of the description of appearance, language, movements, etc., vividly shows Kong Yiji's personality characteristics, and successfully shapes the image of Kong Yiji, a feudal lower-class intellectual. Teaching this lesson can not only help students deeply understand the ideological content of the novel, but also inspire students to appreciate the novel.
Teaching objectives
1. Cognitive goal: Through the description of appearance, movement, language and profile, we can further understand the method of depicting characters.
2. Ability goal: Learn the basic methods of appreciating novels from the perspective of understanding the methods of portraying characters in works and the social significance of works.
3. Emotional goal: To feel the author's feelings about Kong Yiji's "lamenting his misfortune and angering him" and the author's feelings about feudal culture and education. Understand the author's exposure and criticism of the decadent and sinful feudal imperial examination system and the morbid and cold society.
Teaching focus
Analyze the image of Kong Yiji, and learn how to portray people vividly from different angles.
Teaching difficulties
Combined with the background of the times, deeply understand the ideological significance of the novel.
teaching method
1. Reading method: Carefully ponder the implicit and vivid language in Lu Xun's novels, so as to deeply understand the characters and grasp the content as a whole.
2. Questioning inquiry method: The novel vividly depicts the characters from many angles. In teaching, guide students to deeply analyze and think about the character connotation of the novel characters and understand the ideological significance of the works in combination with the background of the times.
teaching process
first kind
First, guide the design.
Teacher: Almost no one who has read Lu Xun's novels doesn't know Kong Yiji, and almost no one who has read Kong Yiji has left in his mind the image of Kong Yiji, a bad karma native who has suffered from social cool thin. According to Sun Fuyuan, a friend of Lu Xun, Lu Xun himself said that Kong Yiji was his favorite of his short stories. Why does he love Kong Yiji so much? What kind of artistic image is Kong Yiji? Today, we will walk into the novel Kong Yiji together and appreciate its complex emotional connotation.
Second, the background information
1. About the author: Name a student to answer, or show it through multimedia.
2. Writing background:
This article was written in 19 18. At that time, although the prelude of the New Culture Movement had been opened, the countercurrent of feudal retro was still rampant, and the debate between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese was still fierce. 19 16 At the beginning of the year, some regulations of Beiyang government were the reappearance of feudal retro-ism, and Lu Xun was very angry. People have forgotten the life like Kong Yiji, but the social foundation for cultivating people like Kong Yiji is still there, which may lead to a new "Kong Yiji". In order to save the younger generation and avoid repeating the same mistakes, Mr. Lu Xun chose Xianheng Hotel, a corner of society, to reproduce life artistically. Through the typical image of Kong Yiji, he inspired readers to think about social education and school education at that time, so as to criticize the feudal education system.
Third, autonomous learning and interactive inquiry
1, students silently read the text, initially perceive the article and understand the text.
① Correct pronunciation: chuò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò 242.
② Understanding words
The inkstone dipped in meat dishes and written with rich ink echoes regret, or disdains to argue for a living, polluting people's innocence.
2. Read freely, find out the sentences that reflect the following contents, and try to find out their rich meanings.
(1) Kong Yiji's special identity
Clear: "Only Kong Yiji is standing drinking and wearing a gown."
Standing and Drinking shows that Kong Yiji lives in poverty, and his economic status and social status are the same as those of the short coat gang. "Wearing a gown" means that he doesn't want to associate with the "short coat gang" and put on airs; "Unique" points out the particularity of Kong Yiji, which shows that he is far from the upper class and the lower class.
(2) The status of Kong Yiji.
Qing: "Kong Yiji is so happy, but without him, others will live like this."
Kong Yiji's existence only provides the boring people with an object to make fun of, and is a dispensable redundant person. Explain Kong Yiji's low status and bleak situation.
(3) The ending of Kong Yiji.
Clear: "I haven't seen it yet-Kong Yiji is really dead."
"About" is my guess, but Kong Yiji couldn't make a living at that time and hadn't seen it for more than 20 years. In such a heartless society, Kong Yiji certainly can't survive, so "truth" is the conclusion of my guess.
3. Quickly browse the text, clarify the plot structure of the novel, and summarize Kong Yiji's six life segments.
(1) When reading the text, students should first sum up by themselves, and then communicate and discuss.
(2) Answer by name, and then the teacher makes a summary.
Qing: (1) The drinker teased Kong Yiji for stealing. (2) The drinkers mocked Kong Yiji for not going to school. (3) Kong Yiji taught boys to know the word "fennel". (4) Kong Yiji defended stealing books. (5) Kong Yiji gave the children fennel beans. Kong Yiji's leg is broken.
(3) According to the plot of the novel "beginning-development-climax-ending", clarify the plot structure of the novel.
Fourth, cooperative exploration.
(1) Analyze the image of Kong Yiji. (This part should allow students to spend more time discussing)
1. Fill in the following sentences to discuss the contradiction in Kong Yiji's character.
Kong Yiji is a man who drinks standing up but wears a gown.
Kong Yiji is a man who pretends to be a scholar, but he regards "not a scholar" as a scar on his soul.
Kong Yiji was too poor to beg, but too lazy to cook.
Kong Yiji is a man who tries his best to defend his innocence but occasionally cheats.
Kong Yiji was down and out, stealing occasionally but never defaulting on his drinks.
Kong Yiji is an enthusiastic person who teaches boys to read and distributes fennel beans to children, but he is often given the cold shoulder.
Kong Yiji is a person who is laughed at repeatedly but wants to communicate with others.
Kong Yiji is a cheerful but unimportant person.
2. Teachers and students summarize the image of Kong Yiji.
Clear: Kong Yiji has a low status but pursues fame; Poor but lazy, pedantic; Despair and self-deception; Being ridiculed but pretentious and narcissistic; Fate is bitter but insensitive, and it will never come true. Of course, he also has a kind and simple side.
(2) The social causes of Kong Yiji's tragedy. (This part should allow students to spend more time discussing)
1. Students discuss and communicate, and teachers guide them appropriately. It is reasonable to ask students to stick to the key words and phrases in the text.
2, the teacher summed it up very clearly:
(1) The feudal ruling class, represented by Ding, was overbearing and extremely cruel, wiped out Kong Yiji and finally drove Kong Yiji to the wall.
(2) The feudal imperial examination system lured scholars to pursue fame and fortune and read classics to death, making Kong Yiji a victim who could not get even half a scholar, and an object of ridicule and trampling.
(3) The poison of feudal culture made Kong Yiji not only unable to become a talented person, but a pauper who could not make a living.
(4) The erosion of feudal hierarchy and feudal ideas made the people insensitive, unable to tell the oppressor from the oppressed, unaware of their slave status, and instead laughed at the more unfortunate Kong Yiji.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) course summary
Teacher: This paper depicts the image of Kong Yiji, a scholar who was cruelly abandoned at the bottom of society and lived in poverty, and was finally swallowed up by powerful dark forces. Kong Yiji's pitiful and ridiculous personality characteristics and tragic ending are not only the portrayal of the unfortunate fate of the broad masses of lower-class intellectuals in old China, but also the concrete embodiment of the "cannibalism" essence of China's feudal traditional culture.
Second lesson
First, try to figure out the key sentences and understand the artistic methods of characterization in novels.
Students read the full text and think: In what ways does the novel depict Kong Yiji's character?
After discussion, it is obvious that:
1, summary: Kong Yiji is the only one standing drinking and wearing a gown. (Explain Kong Yiji's special identity and personality characteristics)
2. Portrait description: (1) Kong Yiji's first appearance (requiring students to read aloud and make a brief analysis) (2) Kong Yiji's last appearance (requiring students to read aloud and make a brief analysis) (3) The comparison between the two portraits before and after his leg was broken shows his misery.
3. Language description:
When he talks to people, he always talks big, which makes people half understand. (Pretending to be a scholar, showing off knowledge, pedantic and ridiculous)
Kong Yiji opened his eyes wide and said, "How can you defile people's innocence out of thin air ..." (Proud and afraid of being laughed at)
"Stealing books is not stealing ... stealing books? Can the scholar be stolen? " (Pretending to be lofty and self-deceiving)
"Not much, not much! how much is it? Not much. " (pedantic and deeply poisoned by the imperial examination system)
4. Expression description:
Keep your eyes open (try to defend yourself and maintain your dignity)
The veins stood out on his forehead, ie the drinker's sneer stabbed him in the heart.
5, action description:
For example, the row of "throwing out a handful of nine pence" shows the true face of Kong Yiji, showing off a handful of small money to the hotel, showing that he is a well-behaved person and indifferent to the ridicule of the short coat gang. This "rowing" action appropriately shows his psychology of concealing vanity.
The "touching" in "Touching Four pence" shows that Kong Yiji is down and out to the extreme, and the situation is very miserable. The movement change from "platoon" to "touch" shows that Kong Yiji's economic situation is getting worse and worse, and it is extremely poor.
It turns out that he walks with this hand. The words "go" and "go" are very appropriate. "Walking" was originally only suitable for feet, but Kong Yiji used "hands" to "walk", indicating that Kong Yiji could only support his whole body with his hands, and his leg was completely broken and badly injured, which highlighted Ding's cruelty and bullying. At this time, Kong Yiji had no dignity, which highlighted the tragic fate of Kong Yiji.
Second, learn to discuss.
1. After reading the first three paragraphs of the text, the students think that Kong Yiji is not written directly at the beginning of the novel, but the imperial examinations and customers of Xianheng Hotel are introduced. What is the intention of this writing?
Students exchange and discuss
The teacher answered by name, and then made it clear:
The introduction of Xianheng Hotel at the beginning of the novel explains the social environment in which Kong Yiji lived, exaggerates two different social groups, namely "short-coat gang" and "long-coat patrons", and shows the serious class opposition and the cold relationship between people at that time. Such a snobbish, cold and hypocritical social environment has rendered us a cold and sad social atmosphere, laid the groundwork for the development of the plot and predicted the inevitability of the tragedy of the characters. Xianheng Hotel can also be said to be the epitome of the dark semi-feudal and semi-colonial society in China at that time.
2. Students read through paragraph 4- 12 and discuss: How many places have you written about everyone's laughter? Why are they laughing? What is the significance of the author's laughter running through Kong Yiji's story?
After discussion, it is obvious that:
The article is about everyone's laughter, mainly from the jacket gang. They are also suffering people, and like Kong Yiji, they are at the bottom of society. They are insensitive, selfish and heartless. They have no sympathy and help for Kong Yiji, but only laugh for fun and seek a moment of happiness in a tired and depressed life.
Everyone's laughter runs through Kong Yiji's story, which sets off and strengthens the tragic effect of the novel and makes Kong Yiji's tragedy even more suffocating and sad. The novel uses "heaven" to write sadness, which is even more sad. It also shows that Kong Yiji's tragedy is not a personal tragedy, but a social tragedy, and the anti-feudal significance of his works is more profound.
The novel is not written in the third person, but narrated in the tone of "little buddy". What is the function of this arrangement?
After discussion, it is obvious that:
The novel is narrated in the tone of "small partner", giving readers a sense of reality. "I" is the narrator of the story and the witness of Kong Yiji's tragic fate. The novel writes such a tragic story from the perspective of an innocent teenager, which reflects the indifference of society and is more infectious.
Third, close the textbook and summarize the theme of the novel.
By describing several tragic episodes in Kong Yiji's later years, this novel successfully depicts the image of the lower class intellectuals who were devastated by the imperial examination system in the last days of feudalism, accuses the evil of feudal culture and education, and reveals the people's mental state of being insensitive.
Fourth, expand thinking.
What would Kong Yiji's life be like if he finally "entered school" and succeeded in middle school?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) course summary
Teacher: Students, Kong Yiji, who loves to wear long gowns, really left a deep impression on us, and his tragedy is also worthy of our deep thinking. Facing the ever-changing times, as a contemporary middle school student, do you have the courage to take off that gown? May the tragedy in Kong Yiji never happen to us again.
Blackboard design:
Kong Yiji steals, gets beaten, drinks and is lazy.
Feudal social system (the maker of tragedy)
The people are insensitive, selfish and indifferent.
Reflections on the Teaching of Kong Yiji
This lesson, in the design of teaching objectives, content, ideas, teaching methods, learning methods and so on. I think there are still many thoughts from the perspective of students:
First of all, when I set the teaching objectives, I considered the requirements of Curriculum Standards: the third basic idea of the new curriculum standard: "Chinese curriculum must pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, care for students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independent, cooperative and exploratory learning methods. The determination of teaching content, the choice of teaching methods and the design of evaluation methods should all contribute to the formation of this learning style. " This teaching design is carried out in the form of filling in a resume, cutting into the core of the article, and then radiating in all directions to seize the excitement of teaching. The students are very active in their studies and the teachers teach them easily. It is a kind of teaching design that can reflect the independent, cooperative and inquiry learning mode.
Secondly, in terms of teaching content, I rely on students' original Chinese foundation and knowledge accumulation, as well as my own education and teaching experience and other factors, and try my best to follow the three dimensions of knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values stipulated in the curriculum standards. My orientation for this course is: strive for openness and expansibility. I think the teaching process based on multiple behaviors can provide great possibilities for the realization of teaching objectives, create space and build a platform for students' innovative spirit and innovative thinking. Generally speaking, the questions I set in this class are one after another, with a strong sense of hierarchy, a certain depth and clear organization.
Secondly, in terms of teaching methods, my position in this class is: not blindly pursuing "stimulation" and not borrowing multimedia technology. Teaching method: In this class, I mainly adopted the "nudge method" teaching. Mainly to guide students to "sink into the text" and "read" to understand the text, let students talk to the text and the author, and pay attention to the students' thinking process. Especially when discussing the cause of Kong Yiji's tragedy, I designed a way of debate, in which the dead Kong Yiji and Ding confronted the short coat gang, and several parties argued with each other about who was the culprit in killing Kong Yiji. From the direct, indirect and fundamental reasons, students' interest is very high.
There are also learning methods: in class, guide students to learn how to appreciate characters: circle, read aloud, compare, analyze, associate and express, so that students can deepen and use the contents and methods learned in this class. Give students a space for thinking, a space for autonomous learning, and create a relaxed learning atmosphere.