Mei is a poet who sympathizes with the working people. Although this poem was written as a farewell, it shows deep concern for people's suffering.
Write the farewell time first in the first four sentences. These words were translated into He's famous sentence "Liu Yong" in the Tang Dynasty. "I wonder who cut the thin leaves? The spring breeze in February is like a pair of scissors, but it has developed and changed. The congratulatory poem is about spring willow, and this poem focuses on apricots and peaches. Comparing the spring breeze with scissors and saying that it cuts out willow apricots is a novel and poetic way to turn ruthlessness into sentience and write the spring breeze without emotion into an emotional craftsman. The third sentence, "round tips like petals", continues the previous sentence, which is about the petals of apricot and peach. Round petals refer to apricots and pointed petals refer to peaches. " "High density" means that their density is moderate, neither too thin nor too dense. The fourth sentence says that their colors are as red as rouge, which means that Spring Breeze people not only cut their shapes, but also dye their colors. The spring breeze is rippling, willow green and peach red, and the scenery is pleasant. These words are relaxed and write out the happy mood when sending off. The parting of friends makes people feel sad, but this poem reveals joy. There was a drought in Kyoto at that time. According to the History of Song Dynasty, in August of 105 1 year (the third year of Emperor), the Bianhe River was extinct and Ma Zunbi was trapped in the capital. By the time of this farewell, the climate has improved, that is, it has rained; At the same time, the slave workers who were sent to introduce the Yellow River water into the Bianhe River were also sent not long ago, and the Bianhe River was opened to navigation, which made the poet very happy. At the moment, it is precisely because Ma Zunyan has returned to Jiangnan that Mei and others are seeing him off in Dongcheng. The fifth to tenth sentences of this poem describe it. "Ya Ya": "Goose dove, grey without embroidered top, chasing its horse on the screen, sunny call. It's raining and chasing women' is also true. "This is the poetic origin of the' oriole' sentence. The orioles don't sing, and pigeons chase women, all of which are signs of rain; "Wow" in "Deep Garden and Quiet Villa" is the noisy cry of pigeons chasing women. " "Opening the Bianhe River" means dredging the mouth of the Bianhe River and the upper reaches of the Bianhe River, so that the Yellow River water can be introduced into the Bianhe River smoothly. These four sentences are narratives, with a fast pace and a warm atmosphere. We went on to write about people's mood: people in Beijing are looking forward to rain just like people who are extremely thirsty are looking forward to drinking water. On the eve of the cold food, the big ditch and the small ditch have been dredged, so that it can drain quickly when it rains. According to The History of Song Dynasty, Sihe Canal and Gyeonggi Ditch, Kyoto dredged ditches every spring in the Northern Song Dynasty to prevent floods. In "Qu Tao" written by the poet 1053 (emperor _ 5), it is said that "opening a ditch, spreading spring mud, digging a ditch in five steps, and smearing it like a rotten dike" is specifically written to renovate the sewer in Bianjing. "He Dang" means "He Dang" here, indicating a positive tone. Liu Huang guided the Yellow River to flow. In Song Dynasty, there was a water supervisor to manage the riverbank, which originally belonged to Sansi River Canal. It was not until 1058 (Jia _ 3) that a special supervisor was set up. When the author wrote this poem, there were no officials in Shuidu. The poem "The Imperial History of Dushui" refers to Ma Zun. _ It's a boat, shaped like a knife. "the rain is one foot deep", which can solve the early elephant; When the water depth is one pole, the Bianhe River can be navigable. My friend Ma Zun can go down the river in a canoe and travel day and night to return to his residence in Jiangnan. The word "Yi" means that not only Ma Zun is happy, but also people suffering from drought in Kyoto and Wu Chu, including the author. "HuiQing _" points out the word "send" in the title. The word "light" is not only related to the above-mentioned "water pole", but also describes the joy of the traveler, because only when the water is deep and the boat is fast can the boat appear light; Only when people are in a happy mood will they feel the lightness of the ship more. These words are like a flying boat, with a light rhythm, which describes the happy mood of tourists and walkers.
Ma Zun is the judge of transshipment. His mission back to the mansion this time is to assist in transshipment, collect Wu Chu's property tax, and transport it to Beijing through the Bianhe River. The third paragraph of this poem, that is, from this, writes the poet's hope for his friends. Because of the drought in Wu Chupin for years, the crops failed. Even if the crops got a good harvest this time, the people were still panting. The poet hopes that his friends will not overcharge when collecting taxes. If exploitation is aggravated, people can't live, and they will be forced to flee like birds and trapped animals without food. In the Tang Dynasty, the extra tax added to the secretariat tax and the saved Yan Zheng contributed to the court, which is called "envy". There is only "one grain" in "years of bitter drought", and there is no oil and water on the people. The so-called "no envy" is just a euphemism for not asking too much. At that time, the shipping between Jianghuai and Zhejiang Jinghu enabled Xu Yuan to gather and be despicable, hoping to be promoted rapidly. Therefore, this poem takes this as a parting message, asking him to persuade his boss, Xu Yuan, which is actually addressed to Xu Yuan. According to Xuancheng County Records, Ma Zun was an honest official. When he left Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui Province), the soldiers and civilians in the county tried their best to keep him. The last eight sentences are repeated like this. Seeing each other out of the city and selling wine at the expense of robes shows our deep affection for our friends. When calculating the itinerary, friends must pass through Suiyang where Du Yan and Ouyang Xiu are located, so the author asks friends to comment on what he said above and see if there is no shortage of people in the world. Suiyang is now Shangqiu, Henan Province. Suiyang County was established here in the Qin Dynasty, and Nanjing was called Tianfu in the Song Dynasty. A teacher refers to Du Yan who retired to Nanjing as a prince. Yin Da refers to Ouyang Xiu, who was appointed as the left-behind official of Tianfu Magistrate and Nanjing. During the Han and Tang dynasties, the chief executive of the region called Yin, and the poem also took this as an example to call him Yin. He is the author's best friend. He once prefaced his own Poems by Mr. Wan Ling and praised the author's poems. "Don't make a dime out of ten thousand" is the opposite of Mencius' dedication, which means that Andy (referring to Yang Zhu) was taken by me, pulling out a gross profit for the whole world, not for the country and the people. It means that if you follow your own advice, it will be more or less beneficial to the people of the country. In the poem, Du Yan and Ouyang Xiu are invited to comment, which is quite meaningful: they are both giants of the imperial court, and Du Yan was once a prime minister, honest and clean; Ouyang Xiu used to be an intellectual, caring about people's sufferings, and they would identify with poets. In this way, if you tell Xu Yuan, Xu Yuan will have to seriously consider their opinions. The last two sentences still carry this meaning, with the expectation that "the country gives the people the Soviet Union". "The state gives" and "the people and the Soviet Union" are mutually causal: the country is rich and strong, and the people can recover; Only when the people have enough to eat and wear warm clothes and work hard can the country become rich. Only when the country is rich and strong, the people live and work in peace and contentment, and there is no trouble in the local area, Yuan and his friend Ma Zun, two local officials, have leisure and enjoy themselves in the East Garden. The "East Garden" was built in (now Yizheng, Jiangsu Province), and Mei once wrote the poem "East Garden in". Ouyang Xiu has the Story of Zhou Zhen East Garden, which records in detail the whole process of repairing the garden and sending Ma Zun to Shi and Xu Yuanyuan for recreation. Among them, there is a phrase "Six passers-by in the southeast have no complaints, and then rest", which is similar to this poem. The poem ends with the East Garden, which not only evokes friends' good memories, but also encourages them from the front and expresses their earnest expectations for friends.
Throughout this poem, the national economy and people's livelihood is the meaning of the title, while strict friendship and deep affection, blending in it, have a lively artistic conception, which is unique in the farewell poem.