In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital of "Tokyo Bianliang", also known as "Bianjing". It was established as the capital in 168 years. After the Jin Kingdom invaded and occupied the Northern Song Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty (1127), Bianliang fell into ruins. However, during the period under the jurisdiction of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianliang was the most prosperous city in the world at that time. Cai Jing and other generations of prime ministers used the power of the whole country to build a beautiful city. A beautiful paradise on earth.
History
In the history of Kaifeng, many regimes have established their capital here. It is said that "Kaifeng is the ancient city and the capital of ten dynasties".
It is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Zhuanggong, the king of Zheng, ordered Zheng Bing to build a city in Gucheng Village, Zhuxian Town today, and named it "Qifeng", which means "opening up the frontier".
In the early Warring States period, King Wei Wenhui moved the capital here in the ninth year (362 BC) and built the "Daliang" city.
In the Han Dynasty, Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, changed the name to "Kaifeng", and King Xiao of Liang made it his capital here.
After that, the Central Plains dynasties that established their capitals here included: the Later Liang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, and the Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties, all of which had their capitals in Kaifeng.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital of "Tokyo Bianliang", also known as "Bianjing". It was established as the capital in 168 years. After the Jin Dynasty invaded and occupied the Northern Song Dynasty in the second year of Jingkang of Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty (1127), Bianliang was in decline and dilapidated. However, during the period under the jurisdiction of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianliang was the most prosperous city in the world at that time. Cai Jing and other generations of prime ministers used the power of the whole country to build a beautiful city. A beautiful paradise on earth.
Compared with the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda was on an envoy to the Jin Dynasty. When he passed Bianliang, he saw that "most of the new city was in ruins, even where there were plows for fields. The foothills of the old city were all covered with cloth. Just surviving. When I look around, I see towering pavilions and old palaces and temples, all of which are in ruins."
In the first year of Zhenyuan (1153), King Hailing of the Jin Dynasty, King Hailing Wanyanliang moved the capital to Daxing Prefecture in Zhongdu, and changed Bianjing to "Nanjing Kaifeng Prefecture" and became the accompanying capital of the Jin Dynasty. At the beginning of the sixth year of Zhenglong (1161), Wan Yanliang went south to invade the Song Dynasty, and for a time called "Kaifeng Mansion in Nanjing" as his capital. In the second year of Zhenyou (1214), Jin Xuanzong moved the capital to "Kaifeng Mansion in Nanjing" to avoid the Mongolian army.
In the second year of Tianxing (1233), Jin Aizong escaped from Kaifeng and moved his capital to Guide Prefecture when he was besieged by the Mongolian army in Kaifeng.
Liu Futong, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, made his capital here during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Yuan Dynasty. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang once designated Kaifeng as his companion capital, also known as "Beijing".
In the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital of Henan Province until the Nationalist Government withdrew from the Kuomintang Civil War. It was not until 1954, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, that the capital of Henan Province was moved to Ping An. The Han Railway (Beijing-Guangzhou Railway) passes through the important town of Zhengzhou.
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Tourism resources
Kaifeng is an important tourist city along the Yellow River in the Central Plains. In 2001, it was named an outstanding tourist city in China by the National Tourism Administration. With a long history and profound cultural accumulation, Kaifeng enjoys the reputation of being a city of seven dynasties, a famous cultural city, the former capital of the Song Dynasty, and a chrysanthemum city. The scenic spots and historic sites all over the city and county, the faintly traceable ancient city style, the rich folk culture, and the colorful autumn chrysanthemums all show the charm and charm of the ancient capital.
Kaifeng has 213 places of interest, including 7 national key cultural relics protection units; 28 provincial key cultural relics protection units; and 22 tourist attractions (spots). Kaifeng tourism highlights the characteristics of the Song Dynasty.
The tourist attractions such as Songdu Imperial Street, Qingming Shanghe Garden, Longting, Kaifeng Mansion, Iron Tower, Fan Pagoda, Daxiangguo Temple, Bao Gong Temple and other tourist attractions are simple and elegant, together with the rippling blue waves of Bao Gong Lake, Longting Lake, Iron Tower Lake, the majestic city gate tower and ancient city walls complement each other, forming a Song Dynasty tourist attraction that is dominated by the architectural style of the Song Dynasty, has a rich cultural atmosphere of the Song Dynasty, and has the reputation of a northern water city.
Kaifeng has numerous cultural relics and historic sites, including 13 national-level cultural relics protection units, 38 provincial-level sites, 26 municipal-level sites, and 136 county-level sites. The famous Iron Pagoda, Xiangguo Temple, Yanqing Temple, Yuwang Terrace, Fan Pagoda, etc. have high historical and cultural value.
As one of the three major stone carving centers in Henan, Kaifeng’s collections and various scenic spots and historic sites contain more than 1,000 stone carving treasures dating from the Han Dynasty to the Republic of China. It is an ideal place for studying history, science and technology, and calligraphy. A valuable resource for art.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Bianliang