Wang Jingsheng's ancestral home was Langya (now Jiaonan, Shandong), and later he moved to Taiyuan, Shanxi. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Shi moved from Taiyuan to Gouyutan Village in Lingshi County. In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), Wang Chengzhai led his family to Jingsheng Village. In the early Qing Dynasty, the clansman Wang began to do business and small businesses. On the 14th, Wang joined hands, Wang and Wang increased their capital and shares, and gradually became wealthy businessmen. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Wangs had developed from ordinary people into a famous family integrating officials, businessmen and farmers. The Wang Family Courtyard includes East Courtyard, West Courtyard and Xiaoyi Hall, with a total area of 34,650 square meters.
The East Courtyard, commonly known as Gaojiaya, was built in the early years of Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, and is an irregular castle-style residential group connected in series. The castle was built according to the layout and direction of the land. The bird's-eye view of the East Courtyard consists of three rectangular courtyards of different sizes: two main courtyards, with a north courtyard in the middle; Northeast is a small courtyard commonly known as "Baiyuan"; To the southwest is the compound. There are castle doors on all sides of the castle. Dongbaomen is located at the east end of the main courtyard, Xibaomen is located at the southwest corner of the courtyard, Nanbaomen is located in the middle of the main courtyard, and Beibaomen is located at the northeast corner of the small courtyard. Outside Nanbaomen is a 50-meter-long and 3-meter-wide stone slope road, which goes straight to Wuli Back Street in the village. Datong Road in front of the main courtyard is127m long and1m wide, all paved with bluestone. On the south side of the big passage is a high brick wall with a wind and rain corridor more than 60 meters long. The main building of the East Courtyard is two three-way quadrangles, and there are tall zhaobi, Ma Shangshi, flagpole stone, stone chamber and stone steps in front of the courtyard. From the layout point of view, each main courtyard has a spacious main courtyard, partial courtyard, suite courtyard, heart-piercing courtyard, cross-courtyard and so on. According to the purpose, there are halls, living rooms, wing rooms, embroidered buildings, halls, academies and kitchens. Courtyards vary from place to place, with tunnels, paths, hedges and high walls. There is a courtyard in the courtyard and a door in the door. Build a kiln at the top of the kiln and occupy the house. The large courtyard in the southwest corner of the main courtyard consists of two garden-style courtyards for the owner to rest. The backyard is just north of the main courtyard. It is a fort protection courtyard, which consists of a row of caves with 13 holes and is divided into four small courtyards. The whole East Hospital is large in scale and rigorous in structure.
Out of the Xibaomen of the East Courtyard, you can walk through a horseshoe-shaped gully path, which is the West Courtyard. The West Courtyard, commonly known as Hongmenbao, is a very regular castle-style closed residential group with the same orientation as the East Courtyard. Overlooking the west courtyard, its plane is a very regular rectangle, with a width of 105 m from east to west and a length of 180 m from north to south. There is only one fort gate, which is located slightly east of the Nanbao wall, facing the main street of the castle. The grand castle gate has two entrances, two floors in total, and a bluestone plaque engraved with "Hengzhen Castle" is embedded in the center of the castle gate. Because the gate of the castle is red, people call the west courtyard "Red Gate Castle". The fort wall is eight meters high outside, four meters high inside and more than two meters thick. It is made of blue bricks. There is a crib on the wall of the fort. There is a brick carving on the wall just opposite the fort door. There is a walkway to the left and right of the fort gate and the northeast and northwest corner of the fort wall. There is a main street paved with pebbles from a big river in the north-south direction of the battery, named "Longlin Street", which is133m long and 3.6m wide. The main street divides the west courtyard into two areas, east and west, and there are three horizontal lanes in the east and west direction. The horizontal lane divides the west courtyard into four rows: north and south. Counting from bottom to top, each row of courtyards is called bottom armour, dimethyl armour and top armour in turn. A vertical street and three horizontal lanes intersect, just forming a big word "Wang". There is a watchtower in the northeast corner and northwest corner of the fort wall. There is a well in the southeast corner and a well in the northwest corner of the fortress. There are 27 courtyards in the fort, except the top armor is 6, and the other three are 7. The layout of each courtyard is similar, mostly with a front compartment and two houses, with caves and corridors on the front and caves or pavilions on the top floor. Most courtyards take the north-south central line as the symmetry axis, and the east and west are basically symmetrical. There are also some courtyards that are in the positive direction, and the gates are in the southeast. There is a long passage in the gate. The south end of the west side of the passage is the door leading to the front yard, and the north end is the door leading to the backyard.
The Wang Family Courtyard is not so much a group of residential buildings as an architectural art museum. Its architectural techniques, decorative techniques and carving techniques are ingenious, extraordinary and unique. Exquisite architectural works of art can be seen everywhere inside and outside the courtyard, up and down the house, inside and outside the house. These artworks, from eaves, arches, reflecting walls and kissing animals to cornerstones, shrines, stone drums, doors and windows, are lifelike in shape, unique in conception, exquisitely carved and original in originality. They have both the majestic momentum of northern architecture and the beautiful and elegant style of southern architecture. The architecture here integrates wood carving, brick carving and stone carving in one courtyard, calligraphy and painting, and poetry in one furnace. People, animals, flowers and trees are integrated into one, with different postures and characteristics. It can be called a bright pearl in the northern residential architecture art garden. The Wang Family Courtyard is the most intact architectural complex in Shanxi, and it is called "the first residential building in Sanjin". It was selected in the book "China Ethnic Architecture Collection Hanbei Residential Building", which is the only case in our province.