1. Kong Ming borrowed the east wind composition
There is a popular story of "borrowing the east wind" in the novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
When Cao Cao attacked Jingzhou, Liu Bei and Sun Quan formed an anti-Cao alliance. Sun Quan's general Zhou Yu was very jealous of Liu Bei's military adviser Zhuge Liang's talents and wanted to kill him.
He asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days, and issued a military order. If the arrows could not be made by the deadline, military law would be used. Zhuge Liang cleverly took advantage of the heavy fog in the Yangtze River and used dozens of boats filled with scarecrows to beat drums and shout in front of Cao's camp at night.
Cao Jun shot arrows, but all of them hit the scarecrow. Zhuge Liang got more than 100,000 arrows without any effort. Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu jointly formulated a plan to attack Cao Ying by fire.
However, the northwest wind has been blowing on the river for the past few days. Attacking with fire will not only fail to burn Cao's soldiers on the north bank, but will burn himself. Zhou Yu was depressed about Dongfeng's affairs and fell ill in bed.
After Zhuge Liang found out, he gave Zhou Yu a "prescription". Zhou Yu opened it and saw that it read: "To defeat Cao's soldiers, it is better to attack with fire. Everything must be done with fire." Everything is ready, all we need is the east wind.
Zhou Yu admitted that Zhuge Liang had guessed what he was thinking, and asked Zhuge Liang what he could do. Zhuge Liang said that he could borrow the east wind. He asked Zhou Yu to build a seven-star altar nine feet high for him, and then he performed the ritual on the altar.
In fact, Zhuge Liang himself did not know how to "borrow" the wind, but he was familiar with astronomy and geography. By observing the changes in landforms and organisms, he had already calculated that there would be a southeasterly wind on November 20th, so I went to the Seven Star Altar and made some pretentious gestures. On the 20th day of November, a southeasterly wind blew.
Zhou Yu felt that Zhuge Liang could not stay, so he sent people to the Seven Star Altar to kill Zhuge Liang. However, Zhuge Liang had long expected that Zhou Yu would have such a trick, so he left the Seven Star Altar in advance and returned to his base in Xiakou.
Before leaving, he left this message for Zhou Yu: "I hope Governor Zhou will make good use of this wind to defeat Cao's troops. Zhuge Liang will temporarily return to Xiakou and see you again someday." Zhou Yu had no choice but to give up.
"Yueguang Treasure Box" said that Zhou Yu stood on the top of the mountain and watched for a long time. Suddenly he looked back and fell, vomiting blood at the mouth, and fell unconscious. Rescue left and right back to the tent.
All the generals came to ask questions, and they all looked at each other in astonishment and said: "There are millions of people in the north of the Yangtze River, tigers and whales are swallowing them up. If you don't fight for the governor, what will you do if Cao's soldiers arrive?" He hurriedly sent someone to report to Wu. Hou, while seeking medical treatment.
In ancient times, it was said that Lu Su was depressed when he saw Zhou Yu lying ill, so he came to see Kong Ming and told him about Zhou Yu's death. Kong Ming said: "Why do you think Gong Jin is like this?" Su said: "This is Cao Cao's blessing and Jiangdong's disaster."
Kong Ming smiled and said: "Liang can also cure Gong Jin's disease." Su said : "If this is true, the country will be very lucky!" He asked Kong Ming to go see a doctor.
Su Xian went to see Zhou Yu. Yu was lying down with her head covered.
Su asked: "How is the governor's condition?" Zhou Yu said: "My heart aches and I fall into coma." Su asked: "What kind of medicine have you taken?" Yu said: "I feel vomiting in my heart, and the medicine can't help. "
Su said, "I came to see Kong Ming and said that I can cure the governor's disease. How about I come and treat him outside the tent?" Yu ordered him to come in and help him sit down. on the bed.
Kong Ming said: "If you haven't seen your face for several days, how can you feel uneasy?" Yu said: "People are prone to misfortune and fortune, how can they protect themselves?" Kong Ming said with a smile: "The sky is unpredictable, and people are unpredictable. How could you expect it?" Yu heard that his color was gone, and he made a sound of sex. Kong Ming said: "Does the Governor feel that there is a lot of trouble in his heart?" Yu said: "Yes," Kong Ming said: "It must be solved with good medicine."
Yu said: "I have taken good medicine, but it is completely ineffective. "Kong Ming said: "You must regulate your Qi first; if the Qi is smooth, you will be able to recover naturally within a few breaths."
Kong Ming must have known what it meant, so he challenged it and said: "If you want to get it. "What medicine should I take to make my Qi smooth?" Kong Ming smiled and said, "If you have a prescription, I will teach the governor how to make your Qi smooth." Yu said, "Sir, please give me some advice."
"
Kongming asked for paper and pen, retreated to the left and right, and wrote sixteen characters in a secret note: "If you want to defeat Duke Cao, you should attack with fire; everything is ready, all you need is the east wind. After finishing writing, he handed it to Zhou Yu and said, "This is the source of the governor's illness." "
Yu was shocked when he saw it, and thought to himself: "Kong Ming is a true god! You already knew what was on my mind! Just tell me the truth. Nai smiled and said, "Sir, if you know the source of my illness, what medicine will you use to treat it?" When things are critical, I hope you can give me advice. "
Kong Ming said: "Although Liang is not talented, he once met a strange person who taught him the Qimen Dunjia Heavenly Book, which can control wind and rain. If the governor wants a southeasterly wind, he can build an altar on Nanping Mountain called the Seven-Star Altar: nine feet high, with three floors, and surrounded by 120 people holding flags and streamers.
How about doing it on the stage and taking advantage of the strong southeast wind for three days and three nights to help the governor use his troops? Yu said: "If we stay off the road for three days and three nights, and only have a strong wind for one night, great things can be accomplished." It's just that the matter is now and cannot be delayed. "
Kong Ming said: "On November 20th, Jiazi worships the wind, and on November 22nd, Bingyin wind stops. How about it? "When Yu heard the words, he was overjoyed and stood up. Then he sent an order to send 500 strong soldiers to Nanping Mountain to build an altar. He also assigned 120 people to hold flags and guard the altar, waiting for orders.
Master Kong Ming said goodbye After leaving the tent, he mounted his horse with Lu Su and came to Nanping Mountain to check the terrain. He ordered the sergeant to build an altar of red earth from the southeast, with a radius of twenty-four feet and a height of three feet per floor.
The twenty-eight constellation flags are placed on the next layer: seven green flags in the east, according to Jiao, Kang, Shi, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji, in the shape of a blue dragon; seven soap flags in the north, according to Dou, Niu, Nv, Xu, Wei, The room and walls are in Xuanwu style; the seven white flags in the west are based on Kui, Lou, Wei, Pleiades, Bi, Xi, and Shen, which dominate the power of the white tiger; the seven red flags in the south are based on Jing, Gui, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Wings and Zhen are in the shape of a red bird. There are sixty-four yellow flags around the second floor, divided into eight positions according to the sixty-four hexagrams.
There are four people on the upper floor, each wearing a hair crown. , wearing a soap robe, a phoenix belt, and a red skirt. There is a person standing in front of him on the left, holding a long pole with a chicken feather on the tip to attract wind. There is a person standing in front of him on the right. He holds a long pole with a seven-star trumpet belt tied to it to show his style; one person stands behind him on the left, holding a sword; and one person stands on the right behind, holding an incense burner. , Huang Yue, Bai Yan, Zhu Banner, Zao Ban, surrounded by
On the auspicious day of Jiazi, the 20th day of the 11th month, Kongming took a bath, fasted, wore Taoist robes, barefooted, and came to the temple. In front of the altar, he told Lu Su: "Zijing went to the army to help Gong Jin mobilize his troops.
Don’t be surprised if Liang’s prayers are not answered. "Lu Su, don't go.
Kong Ming told the soldiers guarding the altar: "You are not allowed to leave your position without authorization. No whispering allowed.
Don’t make mistakes. Don't be surprised.
Anyone who disobeys the order will be killed! "Everyone took the order. Kong Ming walked up to the altar slowly, and having determined his viewing position, he burned incense in the stove, poured water into the bowl, and raised his head to the sky to pray secretly.
He went down to the altar and rested in the tent for a while, and ordered the sergeants to take turns to eat. Kong Ming He went up to the altar three times and came down three times a day.
But there was no southeast wind. 2. Zhuge Liang's essay on borrowing the east wind 400
Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind: In our opinion, the southeast wind that occurred that winter was undoubtedly borrowed by Zhuge Liang. Think about it, Cao Cao came from the northwest and swept across Jingxiang with so much arrogance! The talents of Soochow were so shocked that they were so depressed! Liu Bei was fleeing in Xiakou, and the situation was extremely critical! It was a cold winter, and the northwest wind was raging. For the people of Soochow and Liu Bei who were suffering, wouldn't Cao Cao be a fierce northwest wind that made people shudder? How could Zhuge Liang save the situation and win the Battle of Chibi by borrowing the southeast wind? When Zhuge Liang asked Liu Bei for help, he had actually begun to implement his plan to borrow the east wind. "To stimulate Sun Quan", from "borrowing arrows from a straw boat" to "sacrifice the wind at the Seven-Star Altar", and finally until the Battle of Chibi, it should be regarded as the process of Zhuge Liang borrowing the east wind. Some scholars believe that Zhuge Liang's verbal battle with the Confucian scholars in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is certainly It is wonderful, but among the scholars who appeared, none of the biographies mentioned this matter, so it can be concluded that it is a pseudo-history fabricated by the novelist.
But I thought that when Zhuge Liang came to Chaisang and faced with the opinions of the Confucian scholars of the Eastern Wu Dynasty who advocated surrendering Cao Cao, a fierce battle of words was naturally inevitable. The Confucian scholars who appeared may not be Zhang Zhao, Yu Fan, Bu Zhi, Xue Zong, Lu Ji, Yan Zhen, Cheng Deshu, etc. The remarks and scenes described may also be rationalized and fictitious, but the historical authenticity cannot be easily dismissed. negative. In particular, the issues debated in that war of words were quite thought-provoking.
Zhang Zhao’s question is: "I heard that Liu Bei has always had the ambition to revive the Han Dynasty, and he also has the talents of Guan Zhong and Le Yi. How could he be defeated at Changbanpo and end up fleeing to Xiakou?" , How could there be no place for him?" Zhuge Liang replied: "Liu Bei did not know about Liu Cong's surrender to Cao Cao. At this critical moment, he could not bear to take advantage of Liu Cong's inheritance, so he went south to Dangyang. The refugees followed, but Liu Bei couldn't bear to abandon him, and even though he was defeated at Changbanpo, it still showed Liu Bei's great benevolence and righteousness. Victory and defeat were common matters for military strategists. Emperor Gao had been defeated by Xiang Yu many times, but he succeeded in the battle at Gaixia. , How can we call him a hero because of a temporary defeat?"
Yu Fan asked again: "Cao Cao swept Jingxiang with thousands of strong soldiers and millions of soldiers, and Liu Bei was defeated in Dangyang. , The plan is poor in Xiakou, life or death will be unpredictable sooner or later, aren't you afraid?" Zhuge Liang replied: "Although Cao Cao has millions of heroes, they are actually a mob, and Liu Bei is still not as scary as he thought, although he only has a few thousand soldiers. There are many people who are not afraid of Cao Cao. Now they are retreating to Xiakou. They are just waiting for the opportunity. Dongwu's troops are well-prepared and there is the danger of the Yangtze River. How can you still insist on surrender because of fear of Cao Cao, even in spite of the ridicule of the world? "Xue Zong commented on current affairs and said: "The Han Dynasty is about to end. Now Cao Cao has occupied two thirds of the world. Liu Bei does not know the current affairs and wants to go against Cao Cao. , Just like hitting an egg against a stone, you can't be defeated?"
After hearing this, Zhuge Liang replied righteously: "We are all subjects of the Han Dynasty, and loving the country is our duty as human beings. Now, don't you think about it. How can you serve the country by talking about the subjugation of the country while trying to gain influence from the traitor Cao Cao? A disloyal and unfilial villain like you is not worthy of me talking to you!" Another Cheng Deshu said loudly: "Mr. Zhuge's words are beautiful. , but he may not have any real knowledge. If you just show off your words, aren't you afraid of being laughed at by the learned Confucians?" Zhuge Liang replied: "There is a difference between a gentleman and a villain. You will not laugh at me. A villainous Confucian is like Yang Xiong, who has become a lackey of Wang Mang. Although he is famous for his articles, what is there to praise?"
In Cao Cao's view, Liu Bei and Liu Bei were not worthy of praise. Since Soochow is not a minister, it is no different from grass bandits. Cao Cao held the emperor in his arms, and in the name of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, he led the king's army to conquer Liu Bei and Soochow. His momentum was like an arrow leaving a string. Who would have thought that Liu Bei was in tit-for-tat with Soochow, accusing Cao Cao of "taking the name of Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty, but actually being a traitor of the Han Dynasty"? Wouldn't this be "attacking Cao Cao's army with Cao Cao's arrows"! Borrowing arrows from a straw boat probably means that Zhuge Liang is good at taking advantage of the situation and leveraging his strength. On the one hand, he established the political advantage of the Sun-Liu coalition and on the other hand, he formed a tit-for-tat attack force against Cao Cao. Wang Zhou of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem in "Chibi Nostalgic": "The big plan was decided in front of the tent, and the battle flag was burned in the fire boat at Chibi. If Cao Cao was allowed to hide the loyalty of the Han Dynasty, how could Zhou Lang dare to defeat the king's master?" This is what he said. the mystery.
The "Seven Star Altar to Sacrifice the Wind" is probably a ritual to worship the heaven and earth before the war, or a way to boost morale. When Cao Cao's troops pressed the enemy and everyone thought they would be defeated, Zhuge Liang used his fearless courage and wisdom to inspire the fighting spirit of the Soochow soldiers. The frightening northwest wind suddenly turned into an awe-inspiring southeast wind. So I say that at such a critical historical juncture, the southeast wind actually symbolizes a kind of courage inspired by justice, and a kind of strength that dares to defeat the weak against the strong.
The situation of the war is reversing, and the weather is also reversing. The southeast wind in the consciousness world and the southeast wind in nature merge together, which ultimately determines the victory of the Battle of Chibi. In the story of Zhuge Liang borrowing the east wind, it turns out that there is such a real history hidden. The so-called southeast wind is both history and a fiction of history.
It is this kind of fiction of history that gives a true historical story a fable-like fragrance. 3. The story of Kong Ming borrowing the east wind, 100 words
On the eve of the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu was ready to launch a fire attack to burn down Cao Cao’s warships and defeat Cao Cao. But Zhou Yu made a mistake in his busy schedule. He did not realize that the fire attack had very high requirements on the wind direction. In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle of winter, there are more northwest winds than southeast winds. If a fire is set against the northwest wind, Cao's army will be in the upper hand, and it will just burn itself, but not Cao's army at all. Zhou Yu couldn't think of a way and fell ill all of a sudden. Zhuge Liang was helping Zhou Yu's army make plans at the time. Knowing the cause of Zhou Yu's illness, he gave Zhou Yu a "prescription": "If you want to defeat Cao Yu's army, you must attack with fire. Everything is ready, all you need is the east wind." Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang Looking for a way to "borrow" the east wind, Zhuge Liang immediately agreed: "You can borrow it." So Zhou Yu had someone build a seven-star altar, and Zhuge Liang pretended to go to the altar to "borrow the east wind." On the day of the battle, the southeast wind picked up. Zhou Yu took the opportunity to launch an attack and attacked Cao's army in one fell swoop. In fact, Zhuge Liang was good at predicting the weather. He knew from the forecast that there would be a southeasterly wind that day, and it was not "borrowed" at all. 4. The abbreviation of the story of Kong Ming borrowing the east wind should be within 200 words
During the Three Kingdoms era, a historically famous battle took place in Chibi, called the "Battle of Chibi." At that time, Cao Cao of the Wei army had millions of troops and wanted to annex the south. .
Wu and Shu united to fight against Wei. Zhou Yu, the commander of the Wu army, and Zhuge Liang, the military advisor of the Shu army, were studying a plan to attack Cao Cao.
They decided to take advantage of Cao Cao's arrogance and underestimation of the enemy and adopt a fire attack plan. Zhou Yu first used countermeasures to induce Cao Cao to kill Cai Mao and Cai Mao, the capable generals in Cao Cao's army who were familiar with water warfare and could resist them. Zhang Yun. Then he asked Pang Tong to make a fake plan and deceive Cao's army into connecting the warships together.
In this way, if a fire breaks out and the warships cannot be separated, Cao Cao's army will be completely destroyed. Zhou Yu resorted to another "bitter trick": beating veteran Huang Gai in front of many people, and then asked Huang Gai to pretend to surrender to Cao Cao.
In fact, Huang Gai filled the surrender ship with flammable items, and when he was preparing to fake surrender, he rushed to Cao's camp and launched a fire attack. Everything was arranged, but Zhou Yu could not be happy, but became worried. Sick, bedridden. It turns out that to achieve the goal of the fire attack, a very important condition is needed - to set fire to Cao's army on the north bank, it must rely on the southeast wind.
It was the middle of winter and there was a northwest wind blowing every day. Zhuge Liang visited Zhou Yu. Zhou Yu eagerly asked Zhuge Liang what he could do. Zhuge Liang told Zhou Yu that he could control the wind and rain, and he could use the southeast wind for three days and three nights to help Zhou Yu set fire. Zhou Yu immediately ordered people to build an earthen platform called the "Seven Star Altar".
Zhuge Liang prayed for the southeast wind on the "Seven Star Altar". Zhuge Liang knew astronomy from above and geography from below. Through meteorological observations, he predicted the date when the southeast wind would blow.
On the scheduled date, as expected, the southeast wind blew strongly, and Zhou Yu successfully completed his fire attack plan. Brief summary: On the eve of the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu was ready to launch a fire attack to burn Cao Cao's warships in one fell swoop and defeat Cao Cao.
But Zhou Yu made a mistake in his busy schedule. He did not realize that the fire attack had very high requirements on the wind direction. In the middle of winter, the northwest wind blows mostly in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and there is no southeast wind. If a fire is set against the northwest wind, Cao's army will be in the upper hand, and it will just burn itself, but not Cao's army at all.
Zhou Yu couldn't think of a way and suddenly fell ill. Zhuge Liang was helping Zhou Yu's army make plans at the time. Knowing the cause of Zhou Yu's illness, he gave Zhou Yu a "prescription": "If you want to defeat Cao Yu's army, you must attack with fire.
Everything is ready, as long as I owe Dongfeng." Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to find a way to "borrow" Dongfeng, and Zhuge Liang immediately agreed: "I can borrow it."
So Zhou Yu asked people to build a seven-star altar, and Zhuge Liang pretended to "borrow" it. East wind". On the day of the battle, the southeast wind picked up. Zhou Yu took the opportunity to launch an attack and attacked Cao's army in one fell swoop.
Extended information: Brief introduction of related characters: (1) Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang (181-October 8, 234), courtesy name Kongming, alias Wolong, was born in Langya Yangdu, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province) ), the Prime Minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding statesman, militiaman, diplomat, writer, calligrapher, and inventor. In his early years, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to Jingzhou. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang.
Later Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times to invite Zhuge Liang, and joined forces with Sun Yat-sen to fight against Cao Cao, and defeated Cao's army in the Battle of Chibi. It formed a tripartite power among the Three Kingdoms and captured Jingzhou.
In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and captured Hanzhong.
In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister to preside over the affairs of the state. Liu Chan, the empress of Shu, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and led the shepherd of Yizhou.
Be diligent and prudent, handle all political affairs personally, and strictly enforce rewards and punishments; alliance with Soochow to improve relations with all ethnic groups in the southwest; implement the policy of farming and strengthen war preparations. Six Northern Expeditions to the Central Plains were carried out, but most of them used food to achieve no success.
He eventually became ill due to overwork and died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the twelfth year of Jianxing Shu (234) at the age of 54. Liu Chan posthumously named him the Marquis of Zhongwu, and later generations often addressed him as Marquis of Wu.