1. History of Changsha
Changsha (Changsha), also known as Star City and ancient name Tanzhou, is the capital of Hunan Province, an important city in central China, and a megacity in the Republic of China. It is the political, economic, cultural, transportation, media and financial center of Hunan Province, an important transportation, shipping and science and education center in Central and South China. It is a famous landscape city, happy city, entertainment capital and a global green city.
It is a national civilized city, a two-oriented society experimental zone, an important industrial and commercial city in Central and South China, one of the central cities of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and a core city of the Changsha-Zhutan-Tan urban agglomeration. Changsha is located in the north-eastern part of Hunan Province, on the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River and the western edge of the Changliu Basin. It borders Yichun and Pingxiang cities in Jiangxi Province to the east, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan cities to the south, Loudi and Yiyang cities to the west, and Yueyang and Yiyang cities to the north. .
Changsha is one of the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities in China. It has a long history and culture of 3,000 years and a history of about 2,400 years. It was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and belonged to the Chu State. "Changsha is the millet of Chu."
It is a famous Chu-Han city, the hometown of Qu Jia, the hometown of great men, and one of the important origins of Chu culture and Hunan culture. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period It is a subsidiary territory of the Chu Kingdom in the south. It has been a semi-central city in Hunan and surrounding areas in the past dynasties. It was also the capital of the Han Dynasty's Changsha Kingdom and the Southern Chu Kingdom. About 2,400 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the State of Chu built a city in Changsha.
To this day, the city site has not changed, and the roads more than 2,000 years ago still overlap with the streets and alleys where it is today. Therefore, Changsha has become the longest city in the same place in Chinese history. One of the cities where the address was built. In 2013, Changsha's comprehensive competitiveness ranked among the top in the country, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 715.313 billion yuan (2013), ranking 16th in the country and 7th among provincial capital cities. 2. Historical changes in Changsha
Changsha is one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities in the country and an outstanding tourist city in China. It is the capital of Hunan Province and the political, economic, cultural, technological and tourism center of the province.
Changsha is also a modern and dynamic city with a large number of talents in modern times, ranking first in the country. Known as "the famous city of Chu and Han, the hometown of Qu Jia, and the Holy Land of Revolution", it has many places of interest and historical sites, attracting poets and poets from ancient times to the present.
Changsha can also be described as "the city of mountains and rivers, the city of culture, and the city of heroes." Maybe you don’t know much about the above, but you must have heard of a name: ***. Changsha is where this world giant grew up, and he spent his extraordinary youth revolution here.
The long Xiangjiang River and the majestic foothills of the mountains have witnessed the changes of this thousand-year-old city. The formation of "only Chu has talents, and this is the most prosperous", Hunan culture has made great contributions. Changsha's rich cultural heritage has a profound influence on the province, the country and even the world. If the construction and development of Changsha are compared to a tree, then culture is the root of the tree; if the city is compared to a person, Then culture is the soul of this person, and it is the root of Huxiang culture of "making practical use of the world and constantly striving for self-improvement" that affects and supports the all-round development of Changsha.
The Changsha spirit of “worrying about the world and daring to be the first” drives Star City towards a bright future. "The dew steams the dried trees to ripen, and the wind shakes the continent with fragrance." Orange Island is famous for its southern oranges. When you climb the island, you will see the fragrance of mixed peanuts, green shade covering the ground, and orange veins shyly. Looking across the island, you can only see the west side. Yuelu Mountain is verdant and lush, and Changsha City stands tall in the east. The mountains and rivers interact with the city, and the city and the mountains and rivers come together. It is a picture of the unity of nature and man.
Changsha is a veritable tourist destination. The festivals here are colorful and full of joy; many cultures and traditional customs here are unique and unparalleled in the world; the long-standing Huxiang culture, the magical hometowns of great men, the beautiful mountains and rivers, and the romantic modern cities will make you dizzy.
Visiting here will definitely leave you with unforgettable memories. About 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, there were human activities in Changsha. After 150,000 to 200,000 years of development, Changsha’s history entered the Neolithic Age; around 5000 BC, the ancestors of Changsha began to live a settled life, formed villages, and entered a matriarchal society; around 3000 BC, the Changsha Neolithic Age entered the Qujialing cultural stage; around 2500 BC, The Neolithic Age in Changsha entered the Longshan Culture stage. At this time, primitive agriculture was established, and fishing and hunting were still important means for people to make a living. The primitive pottery industry and stone tool processing technology further developed, and primitive textile and jade processing technologies were produced. Before the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty before the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Legend has it that the ancestors, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang, both visited Changsha.
Sima Qian's "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors" said that the Yellow Emperor once "covered the mountain pass, south to the Yujiang River, climbed to Xiong and Xiang", and later granted the land of Changsha to his son Shaohao. (The "History of the Road" written by Luo Mi of the Song Dynasty records: The Shaohao clan "began in Yunyang, in Changsha" (虙 means reward). According to this, the legendary Shaohao clan was the leader of a clan in Changsha in ancient times. The first person to develop Changsha. Changsha was a land of ancient Sanmiao in the Xia Dynasty. By the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Sanmiao Kingdom disappeared, but the descendants of the Sanmiao still lived and multiplied on this land. At this time, Changsha belonged to "Yangyue". (also called "Jingman"), known as the "Land of Yangyue" in history. As the ancient Yue people (a branch of the Yangyue people in ancient Changsha), they created and formed a distinctive Yue culture at this time, which is famous for its seals. Geometrically decorated hard pottery, that is, printed hard pottery, is its most representative feature.
During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the northern Central Plains dynasty fought frequent wars against the "Jingman" and "Yangyue" people in the south. They established their direct rule here, but the "Land of Yangyue" once became the "Southern Service" of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, forcing the "Jing Man" to surrender and pay tribute. According to "Yi Zhou Shu·Wang Hui", Luoyi was built in the early Zhou Dynasty. After the success, princes from all over the world came to congratulate them, and among the tributes was a kind of "Changsha turtle". This is the earliest record of the name "Changsha" appearing in historical records.
Ancient Yue Culture and Central Plains Culture The origin of Central Plains culture during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Later, Changsha entered the Bronze Age. The ancient Yue people in Changsha still lived in semi-burrowed houses covered with thatch and lived a clan life. They mainly used stone tools as tools and relied on slash-and-burn farming.
In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, Bronze casting technology was introduced from the Central Plains, and bronze tools and copper axes began to be used and manufactured. By the late Western Zhou Dynasty, copper hoe (an important soil loosening tool), copper insert (i.e. rake, used for loosening and lifting soil) appeared. Agricultural tools); and also produced bronze vessels and musical instruments with exquisite shapes and exquisite decorations. Most of the Shang and Zhou bronzes unearthed in Changsha have a high level of craftsmanship and a distinctive Yue style; the famous Ningxiang scholar in 1938. The Four-Sheep Square Zun is a treasure among Shang and Zhou bronzes; more than a dozen bronze mirrors produced by Ningxiang and Changsha counties since 1959 generally weigh 70-80 kilograms, and the largest one is 221.5 kilograms, which is the largest Shang Dynasty mirror found in China so far. Bronze Mirror.
Jingchu Culture and Central Plains Culture After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period was also a turbulent era in Chinese history. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the Chu State (Jingchu) entered Changsha. In the early Warring States Period, the Yue State entered. After Wu was destroyed, the Chu-Vietnam confrontation began, and Changsha became a fortress in the southeast of the Chu State.
In the middle of the Warring States Period, the Chu State implemented reforms and became stronger. It launched large-scale military operations in the south and included the entire territory of Hunan. In the territory of the Chu State, Changsha became a military center in the southern part of the Chu State, including the political and military center of the vast areas of northern Hunan, central Hunan, and southern Hunan. The Chu State established a city in Changsha, and after hundreds of years, the Chu people entered Changsha. During the war, the Guyue people disappeared, and the Guyue culture in Changsha was replaced by the Chu culture.
The southern invasion of the Chu people brought production tools and production experience from the Central Plains and Jianghan areas, bringing the Changsha area into the Iron Age. Changsha ended the primitive state that had lasted for more than 1,000 years since the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and directly entered the Iron Age. feudal society.
From the time of the Chu State to King Huai of Chu, the country's power was getting weaker. The princes, especially the Qin State, launched many wars against the Chu State. In 222 BC, the Qin State general Wang Jian led his army southward and defeated the rest of the Chu army in the south of the Yangtze River. The Chu State took Changsha as its base. The land south of the Yangtze River, the political and military center, was conquered by the Qin State and the Chu State was destroyed.
Changsha (Hunan) has been an important military center of the Chu region and Chu state for more than 800 years. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Changsha County of the Qin Dynasty. The State of Qin destroyed the State of Chu and established "Changsha County" in the land south of the original Chu River. After that, the Qin Dynasty was born. Changsha was one of the 36 counties of the Qin Dynasty. 3. How many years of history is Changsha?
History of Changsha The history of Changsha dates back to about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago. There were human activities in Changsha.
Around 2500 BC, the Neolithic Age in Changsha entered the Longshan Culture stage. Legend has it that the ancestors, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang, both visited Changsha.
Changsha, in the Xia Dynasty, was the land of the ancient San Miao; in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the San Miao Kingdom disappeared, but the descendants of the San Miao still lived and multiplied on this land. At this time, Changsha belonged to the "Yangyue" (also called "Jingman"), known as the "Land of Yangyue" in history. "Yi Zhou Shu?" "Wanghui" records that the construction of Luoyi was completed in the early Zhou Dynasty, and princes from all over the world came to congratulate it. Among the tributes was a kind of "Changsha turtle". This is the earliest record of the name "Changsha" appearing in historical records.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the forces of the Chu State (Jingchu) entered Changsha. In the middle period of the Warring States Period, the State of Chu implemented reforms, strengthened its national power, and launched large-scale military operations in the south. The entire territory of Hunan was included in the territory of the State of Chu. Changsha became a military center in the south of the State of Chu, and the State of Chu established a city in Changsha.
The Qin State destroyed the Chu State and established "Changsha County" in the area south of the original Chu River. Changsha was one of the 36 counties in the Qin Dynasty. Starting from the Qin Dynasty, Changsha began to be included in the unified political territory of China.
In 202 BC, Wu Rui, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, was granted the title of King of Changsha. Changsha Kingdom was established based on the original Changsha County of the Qin Dynasty. Xiang County was renamed Linxiang County. Linxiang County was established as the capital of the country. It marked the emergence of the first vassal state in the history of Hunan, and Changsha became the capital of the kingdom. In 8 AD, Wang Mang usurped the throne and established himself as the emperor to establish the "New Dynasty". Changsha was renamed "Tianman County", and the capital Linxiang was renamed "Fumu County".
In 26 AD (the second year of Jianwu), Liu Xiuyao named Liu Xing, the son of Liu Shun, the last king of Changsha in the Western Han Dynasty, as the king of Changsha, and reestablished the Changsha Kingdom to control the situation south of Dongting. During the Three Kingdoms period, from 219 when Sun Quan captured Changsha to 279 when the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, Changsha belonged to Sun Wu.
In 257, the eastern part of Changsha was Hengdong County (the county where it was governed, today's Hengyang City). In 265, Ancheng County in Changsha County (now part of Jiangxi Province) and several counties in Yuzhang and Luling established Ancheng County, and the land of Changsha County was further reduced.
In 280 (the tenth year of Taikang), Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty named his sixth son Sima Yi the king of Changsha and made the county the country. In the early Western Jin Dynasty, Changsha County was still under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou.
In 589 (the third year of Chen Zhenming's reign | the first month of the ninth year of Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty), the Sui army crossed the Yangtze River and captured Jiankang. During the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Tanzhou was renamed Changsha County.
In 621, the Tang Dynasty established the Tanzhou General Administration Office in Changsha. In 624, the General Administration Office was changed to the Dudu Palace. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Chu State established by Ma Yin appeared in the Huxiang area.
In 963, the Song Dynasty occupied Changsha. In the first month of the fourth year of Jianyan in the early Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers captured Changsha and massacred the city.
In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, the current situation in Changsha was relatively stable. There were important ministers and famous generals Liu Hao, Zhang Xiaoxiang, Xin Qiji, Zhou Bida, Zhen Dexiu, Wei Liaoweng, Xiang Shibi, Wang Lixin, Wen Tianxiang, Li Fu and others worked in Changsha. After the Qing army entered the pass, the Ming general He Tengjiao was in charge of the military affairs of Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, and was stationed in Changsha.
Gathered in Hunan and fought side by side against the Qing soldiers who went south. Later, He Tengjiao was defeated and captured. He sternly refused to surrender and went on a hunger strike for seven days before being killed.
It was not until the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty that Changsha was included in the Qing Dynasty. Li Jin, Li Laiheng and others led their troops to Sichuan to continue fighting against the Qing Dynasty. 4. Collect the history and culture of Changsha
To name a few places in Changsha that are quite distinctive for painting - the Hunan Provincial Museum, the treasure of which is the Xin Zhui'ao from the Mawangdui Han Tomb.
(*^__^*) Hee hee... Changsha City Museum, the former site of the house that *** and Yang Kaihui rented in Changsha, is on Taiping Street in Qingshuitang. It is the epitome of ancient Changsha and the only remaining one in Changsha. One of the few granite streets, it imitates Ming and Qing style Chaozong Street: the origin of "Changsha for a century". Chaozong Street was once the most famous granite street in Changsha.
Chaozong Street: the origin of “Changsha for a century”. Chaozong Street was once the most famous granite street in Changsha.
Haha, there seems to be a lot, and I can’t explain them all at once. I will briefly mention a few important points, and then copy some information for you to look at. I hope it can help you. Historical and Cultural Street: Taiping Street - a microcosm of "ancient Changsha".
Since the city was established in Changsha during the Warring States Period, Taiping Street has been the core area of ??the ancient city and has not changed for more than 2,000 years. The earliest chronicle that can be seen in Changsha - "Changsha Prefecture Chronicles" by Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty and the earliest city map - "Shanhua County Map" by Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty. The names and directions of the streets and lanes in the Taiping Street area are recorded and depicted, which are consistent with today's Taiping Street. Nothing different.
In Changsha today, there are very few places where you can get a complete glimpse of the ancient street pattern like Taiping Street. Taiping Street can be said to be a microcosm of the ancient city of Changsha. Taiping Street Historical and Cultural District is located on the east bank of the Xiangjiang River from Jiefang Road to Wuyi Road. With Taiping Street as the axis, the streets on the west side include Jinxian Street, Fujia Lane, Majia Lane, etc.; the streets on the east side There are Taifuli, Jiangningli and Xipailou.
The Taiping Street area has been an area of ??cultural gathering and prosperous business since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, local government opened a new Taiping Gate between Xiaoximen and Daximen to facilitate the entry and exit of goods and residents, hence the name of Taiping Street.
In the block, small green tiles, pitched roofs, white tile ridges, fire sealing walls, and wooden doors and windows are the unique features of the houses and shops in this area. The old-fashioned mansion retains the more original traditional layout such as Shikumen, blue brick walls, patio courtyards, and guardrails on the back floor.
The Taiping Street area better reflects the historical context and characteristics of Changsha. There are also many historical and cultural relics in the block: Jia Yi’s former residence and Li Fuchun’s former residence are located there; the *** Jinhui and the Fourth District during the Revolution of 1911 The former sites of the Society, Hunan Sports Association and Sports School are located on both sides of Taiping Street; traces of the old west archway of Mingji Prince's Mansion can be found, and the large stone foundation, glazed tiles and other components of the Prince's Mansion have been properly preserved; many Changsha time-honored brands still exist from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, among which the famous Including: Qianyi Sheng Liangzhan opened by Zhu Changlin, Dongtingchun Teahouse among the four major teahouses in Changsha, Lisheng Salt Shop, Yang Tailong Nail Shop, Laotongyi Paint Shop, etc. Chaozong Street: the origin of "Changsha for a century".
Chaozong Street was once the most famous granite street in Changsha. Granite roads began to be paved during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and the road surface has been reconstructed historically.
The Changsha County Office of the Qing Dynasty was located here. In 1914, the Xiangya Medical College was founded on this street. In 1920, the Cultural Publishing House founded by *** and others was also established here. It can be said that this street reflects the modern development history of Changsha and typically reflects the history and culture of Changsha over the past century.
Chaozong Street once led directly to the original Chaozong Gate and was the center of rice factories and grain stores in Changsha in the old days. Historically, local residents mostly made a living by picking feet and selling river water. It was a famous slum area in Changsha in the old days.
This historical and cultural district starts from Beizhan Road in the north, Zhongshan Road in the south, Cai'e Road in the east, and Xiangjiang Avenue in the west. There are cultural relics and modern buildings such as the former site of the Hunan Provincial Working Committee, Li Jue Mansion, Changsha Catholic Church, Christian Eternal Church, Christian Anglican Church, Zhongshan Pavilion, Lecheng Hall, Wenhua Book Club, and Three Pavilions.
Pozi Street: Traditional houses are disappearing. Pozi Street, a century-old street that is integrating into the modern city, has now become a food street near Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street.
Hualong Pond: There is a beautiful legend. Hualongchi Historical and Cultural Street is located in the south-central part of Furong District, starting from Duzheng Street and Yanjiatang in the south, to Dongpailou and Fanhou Street in the north, from Jianxiang Road in the east, to Huangxing South Road in the west.
Once Renmin West Road is opened, the Hualongchi neighborhood will be sealed in the annals of history.
There are historical relics such as Cheng Qian's Mansion, Xiuye ??School, Liuchengqiao Chu Tomb Site, Jufu Well, and Fujian Guild Hall in this neighborhood.
Among them, Cheng Qian's Mansion and Nanyang Street Christian Church are better preserved, the Fujian Guild Hall has undergone major changes, and Jufujing has been abolished. "Shanhua County Chronicles" written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty records: The location of Hualongchi was originally named Yudai Street, and it was once one of the eight major ditches in the old city of Changsha.
In the 40th year of Wanli reign (1612), Tang Yuan, the magistrate of Shanhua County, opened a canal outside the screen wall of the Academy. The bridge was called Sanyuan, the street was called Aobei, and the pond was called Hualong. According to folklore, there is a well here, and an evil dragon in the well entrusted a dream to a blacksmith on this street: in the near future, the dragon's body will reappear and return to the sea, and Changsha will be a vast ocean.
The blacksmith was determined to sacrifice himself for the public good and successfully poured a large vat of molten iron into the well. As a result, the edge of the well sank due to heat, and the blacksmith fell into the well with the molten iron. The evil dragon was cast to death by the molten iron, and the blacksmith also died heroically.
Later, a small pond grew out of the collapse of the well. In memory of the blacksmith, people named the pond Hualong Pond. In the old days, Hualongchi was a gathering place for oil shoe shops, and He Shaoji, a famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, once lived here. 5. What country was Changsha in ancient times?
2 History of Changsha
The Qin Dynasty fell and the Han Dynasty was established. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, in 202 BC, Wu Rui, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, was granted the title of King of Changsha. He established the Changsha Kingdom based on the original Changsha County of the Qin Dynasty. He renamed Xiang County Linxiang County and made Linxiang County the capital. The first vassal state appeared in the history of Hunan, and Changsha became the capital of the kingdom. The King of Changsha is the supreme ruler (highest official) of the Changsha Kingdom, and his throne is hereditary. However, since the Han Dynasty changed the system of the vassal kingdoms in the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, in 144 BC, he actually became the King of Fan in name only. Changsha Kingdom existed for more than 200 years from its inception in 202 BC to its abolition in 7 AD. Changsha Kingdom was divided into two periods: "Wu's Changsha Kingdom" and "Liu's Changsha Kingdom".
Wu's Changsha Kingdom
Ancient Changsha City was the capital of the Han Dynasty, and the ancient city of Linxiang was located in the center of the Changsha Kingdom. It was the residence of the Changsha kings in the past and the political and military center of the Changsha Kingdom. . The ancient book "Shui Jing Zhu" records that Linxiang City (i.e. ancient Changsha City, historically known as Linxiang Old City) was built by Wu Rui, who was granted the title of King of Changsha. In 157 BC, Wu's Changsha Kingdom was abolished.
The Wu Changsha Kingdom period was a glorious period in the history of ancient Changsha. Politically, it always maintained the unity of the country and was a loyal vassal kingdom of the Western Han Dynasty. The eight princes and princes with different surnames Liu Bang granted, including Zang Tu, Han Xin, and Yingbu, were all wiped out. Only the Wu family in Changsha was loyal to the court from beginning to end. It was King Yingbu of Huaiyin (son-in-law of Changsha King Wu Rui) who rebelled. Changsha King Wu Chen (son of Wu Rui) also killed his relatives out of righteousness. The Changsha Kingdom of the Wu family was established since Wu Rui. In 156 BC, when his fifth grandson Wu Zhu died, he was dismissed because he had no children. It was passed down to five generations, which lasted for 46 years. The official system of the kingdom is the same as that of the Western Han Dynasty. There is a prime minister (called the Zhu Kingdom in the early days of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty), who is directly appointed by the court and is called the assistant king. In fact, he is sent to control the actual power of the country and control the local areas.
Liu's Changsha Kingdom
In 158 BC, Emperor Wen's son Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne and reset the Changsha Kingdom, which was known as "Liu's Changsha Kingdom" in history. In 155 BC, Liu Fa, the concubine of Emperor Jing, He was named the King of Changsha. Liu Fazhi's Changsha Kingdom was at a time when the Western Han Dynasty was greatly reducing the power of the vassal kingdoms. At this point, the vast Changsha Kingdom was separated from the southern part and established Guiyang County and Lingling County. From the fiefdom in 155 BC to 145 BC, as the imperial court changed the management system of the vassal states, the Changsha Kingdom's territory at this time was greatly reduced. Guiyang County and Lingling County had been separated, and only Linxiang, Luo, and There are 13 counties including Xiaji, Yiyang, Liandao, Xiangnan, Ancheng, Chengyang, Chaling, You, Zhaoling and so on. King Fan of Changsha Kingdom has also reduced his actual power and is not allowed to interfere in the government affairs of the vassal states under his jurisdiction. It has become a nominal From the king to the prime minister (the highest chief executive who manages government affairs, known as "minister" before the restructuring), and down to the county magistrate, all are appointed and dismissed by the court.
The "Liu Family Changsha Kingdom" lasted for 164 years from the time Liu Fa was first granted to Liu Shun when Liu Shun was deposed.
In 8 AD, Wang Mang usurped the throne and established himself as the emperor to establish the "New Dynasty". Changsha was renamed "Tianman County", and the capital Linxiang was renamed "Fumu County".
The King of Changsha, the Kingdom of Changsha and the Marquis of Linxiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty
Wang Mang’s regime was soon overwhelmed by the peasant uprising at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. In 25 AD, Liu Xiu (ie Emperor Guangwu), a descendant of the former Western Han royal family and Liu Fa, the king of Changsha, proclaimed himself emperor and established another Han Dynasty. With Luoyang as its capital, it was called the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. As there were large and small peasant uprising teams and various armed separatist regimes scattered across the country, Liu Xiu launched another war to unify the country. In 26 AD (the second year of Jianwu), Liu Xiuyao named Liu Xing, the son of Liu Shun, the last king of Changsha in the Western Han Dynasty, as the king of Changsha, and reestablished the Changsha Kingdom to control the situation south of Dongting. By the 29th year, Hou Deng, the prefect of Jiangxia, Wang Tang, the prefect of Wuling, Han Fu, the prime minister of Changsha, Zhang Long, the prefect of Guiyang, Tian Xi, the prefect of Lingling, Du Mu, the prefect of Cangwu, Xiguang, the prefect of Jiaozhi, etc., led their envoys to contribute and were granted the title. For Liehou. At this point, the entire territory of Hunan, including Changsha, officially belonged to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The return of Changsha to the Han Dynasty played an important role in Liu Xiu's war to unify the world. Liu Xiu unified China in 40 years (the 16th year of Jianwu). As early as the 37th year of Changsha, Liu Xiu thought that Changsha King Liu Xing and others "all inherited the title of king and should not follow the righteousness", so he changed the title to Linxiang Marquis, and abolished the Changsha Kingdom and changed it to Changsha County.
From the Three Kingdoms to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties periods
The restructuring of Xiangzhou became a symbol in the organizational history of Hunan and Changsha. Due to Changsha's important geographical location, Changsha's status and role as the center of local administrative divisions have been further consolidated. The administrative scope of Changsha County in the Three Kingdoms was basically limited to the area east of the Xiangjiang River. The Changsha County of the Sui Dynasty spanned the Xiangjiang River to the entire central Hunan area, thus basically establishing the scale of Changsha's construction from then until the Qing Dynasty. After the unification of the Sui Dynasty, Hunan returned to the unified central government, and its exchanges and connections with other parts of the country continued to strengthen, gaining a broad and relatively stable space.
Changsha County of Eastern Wu
During the Three Kingdoms period, from 219 AD when Sun Quan captured Changsha to 279 AD when the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, Changsha belonged to Sun Wu. After Sun Quan became emperor, Hunan's administrative regions changed. Most of today's Hunan roughly belonged to the 10 counties of Nanjun, Wuling, Lingling, Guiyang, Changsha, Linhe, Tianmen, Hengyang, Xiangdong, and Zhaoling at that time, and belonged to Jingzhou. 6. Has Changsha ever been the capital of China?
Historically, Changsha has never been the capital of China.
But it has been the capital of a vassal state more than once.
Qin established Changsha County
Qin established Changsha County. After Qin destroyed Chu, in the 24th year of Qin Shihuang (223 BC), Changsha County was established from the southeastern part of the original Qianzhong County of Chu State. . It is one of the thirty-six counties in the Qin Dynasty. From then on, Changsha appeared as the name of an independent administrative division, and the county seat was in today's urban area of ??Changsha. ?
The Han Dynasty granted the Changsha Kingdom
In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign (202 BC), the Han Dynasty granted Wu Rui the title of King of Changsha, established the Changsha Kingdom, and changed the Qin Dynasty to Xiang County. The capital of Changsha Kingdom began to build city walls. Since then, the ancient city of Changsha has a documented history of more than 2,200 years. Empress Wu Rui had no heirs in five generations. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (155 BC), Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty named his concubine Liu Fa the king of Changsha (posthumously named King Ding). After seven generations, Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and the country was eliminated. ? 7. Collect the history and culture of Changsha
Here are a few places with unique painting characteristics in Changsha---
Hunan Provincial Museum, the treasure of the museum is Xin Zhui from the Mawangdui Han Tomb娭毑. . . (*^__^*) Hee hee...
Changsha City Museum, the former site of the house that *** and Yang Kaihui rented in Changsha, in Qingshui Pond
Taiping Street, ancient The epitome of Changsha, one of the few remaining granite streets in Changsha, imitating the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Chaozong Street: the origin of "Changsha for a century". Chaozong Street was once the most famous granite street in Changsha.
Chaozong Street: the origin of "Changsha for a century". Chaozong Street was once the most famous granite street in Changsha.
Haha, there seems to be a lot, and I can’t explain them all at once. I will briefly mention a few important points, and then copy some information for you to look at. I hope it can help you.
Historical and Cultural Street:
Taiping Street - a microcosm of "ancient Changsha". Since the establishment of the city in Changsha during the Warring States Period, Taiping Street has been the core area of ??the ancient city and has not changed for more than 2,000 years. The earliest chronicle that can be seen in Changsha - "Changsha Prefecture Chronicles" by Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty and the earliest city map - "Shanhua County Map" by Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty. The names and directions of the streets and lanes in the Taiping Street area are recorded and depicted, which are consistent with today's Taiping Street. Nothing different. In today's Changsha city, there are very few places where you can see the ancient street pattern as completely as Taiping Street. Taiping Street can be said to be a microcosm of the ancient city of Changsha. Taiping Street Historical and Cultural District is located on the east bank of the Xiangjiang River from Jiefang Road to Wuyi Road. With Taiping Street as the axis, the streets on the west side include Jinxian Street, Fujia Lane, Majia Lane, etc.; the streets on the east side There are Taifuli, Jiangningli and Xipailou. The area around Taiping Street has been an area of ??cultural and commercial prosperity since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, local authorities opened a new Taiping Gate between Xiaoximen and Daximen to facilitate the entry and exit of goods and residents, hence the name of Taiping Street. In the block, small blue tiles, pitched roofs, white tile ridges, fire sealing walls, and wooden doors and windows are the unique features of the houses and shops in this area. The old-fashioned mansion retains the more original traditional layout such as Shikumen, blue brick walls, patio courtyards, and back-tower guardrails. The Taiping Street area better reflects the historical context and characteristics of Changsha. There are also many historical and cultural relics in the block: Jia Yi’s former residence and Li Fuchun’s former residence are located there; the *** Jinhui, the Fourth District Club, the Hunan Sports Association and the Hunan Sports Association during the Revolution of 1911 The former site of the school is located on both sides of Taiping Street; traces of the former west archway of Mingji Prince's Palace can be found, and the large stone foundation, glazed tiles and other components of the palace have been properly preserved; many Changsha time-honored brands still exist from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, among which the famous ones include: Qianyi opened by Zhu Changlin Shengliangzhan, Dongtingchun Teahouse, Lishengyanhao, Yang Tailong Nail Shop, Laotongyi Paint Shop, etc. among the four major teahouses in Changsha.
Chaozong Street: the origin of "Changsha for a century". Chaozong Street was once the most famous granite street in Changsha. Granite roads began to be paved during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and the road surface has been reconstructed historically. The Changsha County Office of the Qing Dynasty was located here. In 1914, Xiangya Medical College was founded on this street. In 1920, the Cultural Publishing House founded by *** and others was also established here. It can be said that this street reflects the modern development history of Changsha and typically reflects the history and culture of Changsha over the past century. Chaozong Street once led directly to the original Chaozong Gate and was the center of rice factories and grain stores in Changsha in the old days. Historically, local residents mostly made a living by picking feet and selling river water. It was a famous slum area in Changsha in the old days. This historical and cultural district starts from Beizhan Road in the north, Zhongshan Road in the south, Cai'e Road in the east, and Xiangjiang Avenue in the west. There are cultural relics and modern buildings in the area including the former site of the Hunan Provincial Working Committee, Li Jue Mansion, Changsha Catholic Church, Christian Eternal Church, Christian Anglican Church, Zhongshan Pavilion, Lecheng Hall, Wenhua Book Club, and Three Pavilions.
Pozi Street: Traditional houses are disappearing. Pozi Street, a century-old street that is integrating into the modern city, has now become a food street near Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street.
Hualong Pond: There is a beautiful legend. Hualongchi Historical and Cultural Street is located in the south-central part of Furong District, starting from Duzheng Street and Yanjiatang in the south, to Dongpailou and Fanhou Street in the north, from Jianxiang Road in the east, to Huangxing South Road in the west. Once the Renmin West Road is opened, the Hualongchi neighborhood will be sealed in the annals of history. There are historical relics such as Cheng Qian's Mansion, Xiuye ??School, Liuchengqiao Chu Tomb Site, Jufu Well, and Fujian Guild Hall in this neighborhood. Among them, Cheng Qian's Mansion and Nanyang Street Christian Church are better preserved, the Fujian Guild Hall has undergone major changes, and Jufujing has been abolished. "Shanhua County Chronicles" written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty records: The location of Hualongchi was originally named Yudai Street, and it was once one of the eight major ditches in the old city of Changsha. In the 40th year of Wanli reign (1612), Tang Yuan, the magistrate of Shanhua County, opened a canal outside the screen wall of the Academy. The bridge was named Sanyuan, the street was named Aobei, and the pond was named Hualong. According to folklore, there is a well here, and an evil dragon in the well entrusted a dream to a blacksmith on this street: in the near future, the dragon's body will reappear and return to the sea, and Changsha will be a vast ocean. Determined to sacrifice himself for the public good, the blacksmith succeeded in pouring a large vat of hot molten iron into the well.
As a result, the edge of the well sank due to heat, and the blacksmith fell into the well with the molten iron. The evil dragon was cast into molten iron and died, and the blacksmith also died heroically. Later, a small pond grew out of the collapse of the well. In memory of the blacksmith, people named the pond Hualong Pond. In the old days, Hualongchi was a gathering place for oil shoe shops, and He Shaoji, a famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, once lived here.