It expresses that Wang Mian, like the plum blossoms in his works, is unyielding and self-admiring. It reflects the author's noble taste and indifference to fame and fortune, and clearly demonstrates his steadfastness and purity of conduct that does not flatter the world.
In this poem, one "light" and one "full" fully show the personality. On the one hand, the plump plum blossoms and the poet's proud image appear vividly on the paper; on the other hand, it makes people feel the fragrance of calligraphy and ink. The fragrance of plum blossoms seems to come to your face! Thus, the "poetry style", "painting style" and personality are skillfully integrated.
This poem expresses the author's noble sentiments of despising popular customs and being loyal and self-reliant.
This is a poem about painting. The poet praises the virtue of the plum blossoms without asking for praise from others, but only wants to leave a fragrance to the world. In fact, he uses the plum blossoms as a metaphor to express his attitude towards life and his noble sentiments of not flattering the world.
This poem is titled "Mo Mei", which is intended to describe aspirations. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetic style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms, actually praising one's own moral character. In this poem, one "light" and one "full" fully show the personality. On the one hand, the plump plum blossoms and the poet's proud image appear vividly on the paper; on the other hand, it makes people feel that the fragrance of calligraphy and the fragrance of plum blossoms are as if they are blowing against their faces. Come. In this way, "poetry style", "painting style" and personality are skillfully integrated.
Wang Mian (1287-1359) was a famous painter, poet, and calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty. His courtesy name was Yuanzhang, and his nicknames include Zhuishishanong, Cowherd Weng, Kuaiji Foreign History, Plum Blossom House Owner, Mr. Jiuli, Jiangnan Ancient guests, Jiangnan savages, Shanyin savages, Duckweed Xuanzi, Zhuguan grass people, Meisou, stone cooks, idle doctors, Laolong, Laocun, Meiweng, etc. A native of Zhuji, Zhejiang. Born into a farm family. His father died when he was young, so he herded cattle in the Qin family. He used his time to paint lotus flowers every day, and went to the temple to read under the bright lamp at night. He was profoundly knowledgeable, capable of poetry, and had plum blossoms in his youth. He lives in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain and makes a living by selling paintings. The painting of plum blossoms uses rouge as the skeleton of the plum blossoms, or the flowers are dense and the branches are numerous, which is unique in style. He is also good at painting bamboo and stone. It can also be used for engraving, and it uses flower milkstone as the printing material. It is said that he was the first to create it. He is the author of "Zhuzhai Collection", "Poems on Plum Blossom Pictures", etc.
Life
He was fond of studying since childhood, herding cattle during the day, stealing into the school to listen to the students reading, returning at dusk, forgetting his cattle, and Mr. Qin angrily scolded him next door. Of course. My mother was willing to listen to what he had done, so she went to Yiseng Temple and sat on the Buddha's lap every night, reading under the light of a long bright lamp. Later he studied from Kuaiji scholar Han Xing and eventually became a master of Confucianism. However, he repeatedly failed in the exams and burned his career-building articles. He behaves differently from ordinary people. He always wears a high hat, a green raincoat, and wooden sandals. Wang Mian studies painting
, carries a wooden sword, and sings loudly, walking back and forth in the city. Or riding an ox, holding the Book of Han and reciting it, people look at it with madness. Li Xiaoguang, a writer, wanted to recommend him as a government official, but Mian declared: "I have fields to cultivate and books to read, but I stand in court day and night with my case in hand to serve as an enslavement envoy!" Then he went to Soochow, entered Huaichu, and experienced View famous mountains and rivers. When traveling to Dadu, my old friend and secretary Qing Tai Buhua wanted to recommend him to an official position, but he refused and returned to his hometown south. He lived in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain in Kuaiji, planted thousands of plum blossoms, and built three thatched cottages. He named himself "Plum Blossom House" and called himself the owner of the Plum Blossom House. He made a living by selling paintings. He built a small boat and named it "Duckweed Pavilion" and placed it in Jianhu Lake. , let it stop. They also planted plums and bamboos, played the harp and composed poems, drank wine and roared. Zhu Yuanzhang pacified Wuzhou, captured Yuezhou, and stationed troops in Jiuli Mountain. After hearing its name, he scouted for it, set up a shogunate, and offered consultations to join the army, but he failed to do so. In the 19th year of Zhizheng reign of Emperor Huizong of Yuan Dynasty (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang used military force to ask for the title of official. Mian refused to become a monk and expanded his residence into Baiyun Temple. Xuan died in Lanting Tianzhang Temple. ?
Features of the work
Wang Mian is famous for his plum paintings, especially plum blossoms. The plum blossoms he painted were simple, free and unique. His "Ink Plum Blossom Scroll" depicts horizontally folded ink plum trees, with simple and elegant brushwork, tall and straight branches, and powerful interweaving. The composition is fresh and pleasing to the eye. The ink is of appropriate shades, and the blooming, gradually blooming, and budding flowers all appear fresh, free and full of life. His brush strokes are vigorous and his strokes are created with unique pauses and twists. Although he does not use color, he can vividly depict the smiling plum blossoms and their branches. It not only expresses the natural charm of plum blossoms, but also embodies the painter's noble thoughts and feelings. Coupled with the author's popular seven-character poem on the painting, the poetic and artistic elements complement each other, making this painting an immortal masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. At first, while herding cattle, Wang Mian used the money he saved to buy some paint and learned to paint lotus flowers. He thought: Is there anything in the world that I can't learn? Why don't I draw a few strokes myself? Then he learned to draw lotus flowers. The painting was not good at first, but it improved greatly after three months, and every part of the shape of the flower was unreal.
Later, people rushed to buy his paintings. He used the money he got to buy some things to honor his mother. Most of Wang Mian's poems sympathize with the suffering of the people, denounce the rich and powerful, despise fame and wealth, and describe pastoral and secluded life, such as "Shang Pavilion House", "Jiangnan Woman", "Ode to the Scenery", "Wu Ji Qu", "Mo Mei" and "Sword Song" Xingciyun" and so on. There are 3 volumes of "Zhuzhai Poetry Collection" and 2 volumes of sequels. He loved plum blossoms all his life, planted them, chanted them, painted them, and was also good at painting bamboos. Seekers come one after another. He painted plum blossoms after learning from Yang Wu Jiu, with dense flowers and numerous branches, vigorous grass, and full of life. He was especially good at using rouge to create boneless bodies, which gave him a unique style. It had a great influence on the masters of plum painting in the Ming Dynasty, such as Liu Shiru, Chen Xianzhang, Wang Muzhi and Sheng Xingzhi. The surviving paintings include "Three Gentlemen" and "Moumei". He was able to seal seals, and he created seals using flower milk stones, and his seal writing skills were exquisite. There is a biography in "History of Ming Dynasty".
Wang Mian's Archeology
Wang Mian lives in seclusion in Shuinan Village in Jiuli Mountain, north of Fengqiao Town, Zhuji, a city with beautiful mountains and rivers. There are three families in Murakami ***, and they live hard all year round. A stream flows through like a belt, and tall and graceful mountains stand behind the house. The mountains are lush with bamboos and trees. The mountains and rivers complement each other, the scenery is beautiful, and the environment is quiet. Just as he said in his poem: "The green hills are faintly connected with the river, and the windows of the houses on the river are quiet." Here he "planted three acres of beans, twice as much millet, and thousands of plum trees. Peach and apricots occupy half of it, taro grows in one area, and there are hundreds of scallions and leeks each. The water is diverted into a pond, and more than a thousand fish are planted." (Volume 10 of "Zhiyuan Houji"). Wang Mian spent most of his life in such a poetic mountain village. The simple life and quiet landscape gave birth to his character of loving life and working people, giving his poetry and painting creations a strong flavor of life. Wang Mian's secluded place - Jiuli Mountain Plum Blossom House, Baiyun Temple
Wang Mian's ancestors originally lived in Wangjing (west of Hangu Pass) in Kansai. His tenth generation ancestor was Wang Deyuan, who served as the military governor of the Qingyuan Army in the Song Dynasty. Wang Deyuan had two sons, one was Wang Qi, who served as the observation envoy of Langzhou; the other was Wang Lin, who served as the commander. From the time Wang Lin began to move to Zhuji, it has been passed down to Wang Mian for eight generations. Wang Mian's distant ancestors undoubtedly came from a bureaucratic family, but it was passed down that Wang Mian's father had become a poor farmer. Xu Xian's "Collected Biography of Barnyard History" records: "My father Linong was crowned the son of the Tian family." Wang Mian's "Collection of Bamboo Studio Poems" said: "Mr. Jiuli has two hairy temples. This year he is poorer than last year. There is no lint in his clothes." The wind is strong, the broken house is covered with flowers, and the rain is gone. Several acres of bean sprouts are dying in the summer, and a field of reeds is blooming in the autumn. I know each other without saying anything, and I smile at the white birds passing by during my lifetime." ("Jiuli Mountain") "I studied hard during the day and at night, but my neighbors despised me for being ignorant and stupid. I broke the rice bowl without millet and my wife was bored, so I even picked Huangjing for the morning meal." ("Guo Shan Jia") "The ancient guests from the south of the Yangtze River had no land, and they lost half a foot of broken inkstones. Rent money. Good mountains and good waters are hard to come by, and the house in Tsuen is shrouded in desolate smoke." From these poems, it can be seen that he personally participated in various labors, and reading and painting were just some of his after-farm activities. , and in order to make a living, he sold paintings to earn money to make ends meet and pay rent and taxes. His writing poems and paintings were naturally different from ordinary scholar-bureaucrats who chanted the wind and the moon and soothed their sorrows in Wang Mian's "White Plum"
. Because he "has no land to plow, no wind to herd," his life is getting worse year by year. There is no cotton wool to survive the winter, the leaks in the thatched house cannot be repaired, the crops cannot withstand the drought, the home is broken and there is no food, and his wife is hungry. , I had no choice but to pick wild vegetables to satisfy my hunger. Under this circumstance, they had to directly participate in manual labor, go to the fields with unkempt hair and bare feet, and plant bamboo, tea, mulberry, hemp and other grains to maintain their livelihood. Descriptions of this poor life can be found everywhere in relevant records. For example, in "Zhuzhai Poetry Collection" there is a description of "I am poor, my sleeves are exposed, and I look back and have nothing in my bag." There is a record in "Iron Coral" that "This year is different from the previous one. My beard and hair are all white, I can't walk because of my foot disease, I can't run around, I can't flatter people, I can't be deceitful, I can't work in high-ranking positions, and I have to endure hunger all day long." . Despite this tragic experience, he would rather make a living by farming and selling paintings than begging for food from a wealthy family, which fully demonstrates the perseverance and unyielding character of an artist. Wang Mian was born in the 24th year of Yuan Dynasty (1287) and died in the first month of the 19th year of Zhizheng (1359) at the age of seventy-three. Wu Rongguang's "Annals of Celebrities in the Past Dynasties" holds this view. Wu Pu also recorded that Wang Mian's birthday was July 22nd. One theory is that he was born in the first year of Yuan Zhiyuan (1335) and died in the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407) at the age of seventy-three. The fallacy of these two theories is that the dates of birth and death of Wang Mian's son, Shanqiao King Zhou, were put under his father's name. This was discovered by Wang Mian's work
Contemporary Jiang Kehan. His opinion was published in the 1957 issue 2 of "Academic Forum".
Let's take a look at Wang Zhou's behavior written by Lu Sheng: "Shanqiao was born on the 22nd day of the seventh month in the autumn of Yihai in the Yuan Dynasty, and died on the 13th day of the first month of Dinghai in the fifth year of Yongle, with a life span of seventy-three years." Jiang said: "This is The basis for the dates of Wang Mian's birth and death quoted above, as well as Wang Mian's age of seventy-three, is also used in Wu Pu. As for the reason for the change of date, it is because he died in the Yongle period, which is different from the general date. If the records were inconsistent, the year of his death was changed to the 19th year of Zhizheng when the Ming army occupied Wuzhou, and then it was pushed up to 73 years, and it was concluded that he was born in the 24th year of Zhiyuan. This unfounded statement was echoed by many people and quoted repeatedly, and some people even wrote a commemorative paper based on it to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Wang Mian's birth in 1935." Jiang believes that Wang Mian's true birth and death dates should be: "Born in Gengxu (1310), the third year of the Yuan Dynasty, and died in the 19th year of the Zhizheng year (1359), at the age of fifty, which is roughly correct. If Wang Zhou was born twenty-five years ago, it would be the third year of his life, and Wang Mian would have a son at the age of twenty-six. "This is Jiang's conclusion. Judging from Wang Mian's poem "Self-feeling", "This ambition is actually depressed, and the clothes are muddy. I have been struggling for thirty autumns, and I am as sluggish as a silverfish", etc., it is right to be born in the third year of my junior year (1310). The "Chronology of Major Historical Events in China and Foreign Countries" records: Since the imperial examination was discontinued in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1335), it was not until the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty that the examination was resumed. There is a sentence in Wang Mian's "Wen of Making Friends and Farewell to Military": "Next year the grass will be green on the plains, and the bows will be good at shooting deer with flowers in their heads", which refers to the restoration of the imperial examination system in the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1340). The green grass in the plains refers to spring, and the bow is good at shooting flower-bearing deer, which refers to the examination for Jinshi. In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty. As a result of the examination, Wang Mian failed, so he burned his writings, which meant that he would never have a better career. "Thirty Autumn Years" was written after the failure in the exam. In the fifth year of Zhiyuan (1339), Wang Mian was thirty years old. Pushing forward thirty years from 1339 is the third year of the Great Rebellion (1310), which is consistent with what Jiang Kehan ??said. According to legend, his parents, the only child Wang Mian, loved him like the apple of their eye. He could speak when he was one year old, and he could answer questions freely at the age of three. By the age of five or six, his cognitive ability was higher than that of ordinary children. He started school at the age of eight and had excellent grades. The clan was greatly surprised and regarded him as a child prodigy, and the guests also praised him as "a thousand-mile horse". When Wang Mian was young, he had a strong thirst for knowledge and a strong curiosity. One day, his father asked him to herd cows. He put the cows on the grass and slipped into the private school to listen to the village children reading. When he came back in the evening, he found that the cows were missing and were beaten severely by his father. Dayton. But he didn't give up because of this. A few days later, he went to the temple again and sat on the lap of the Bodhisattva, reading and recognizing by the light of the everlasting lamp. "The Scholars" begins with a story about Wang Mian herding cattle, which may also be based on this incident. However, after checking the biographical information about him, Wang Mian did not herd cattle for other families, nor did he lose his father when he was young. Wu Jingzi wrote that Wang Mian lost his father when he was young and was hired to herd cattle when he was ten years old. After such processing, Wang Mian's image as a peasant artist became more prominent and his character became more distinctive. Therefore, Wang Mian's story has been passed down to this day. Popular among the people. According to "The Scholars", Wang Mian seemed to have no master in his knowledge and art, and was a self-taught person. In fact, there are two well-documented teachers of Wang Mian: one is Wang Gen and the other is Han Xing. Wang Liang is a native of Zhuji County. He is good at character and upholds integrity. He reads Wang Mian's works
and strives to understand reason and apply what he has learned. "Zhi Zhi" is the abbreviation of "Zhi Zhi" built by Wang Gen after he returned to the forest. There are only two titles in Wang Mian's collection of poems that refer to people as "Sir", one of which is "Mourning for Mr. Zhai Wang". Among them, there are sentences such as "How can I see Zizhi Mei", "Looking back to whom the spring breeze tells me", etc. The first sentence is based on the story of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty who studied with "Shangshan Sihao" when he was the prince; the second sentence further shows that he had studied there Yu Wanggen. Another teacher is Anyang Hanxing. Quan Zuwang's "Mian Mian Biography of Mr. Wang who joined the army" says: "Wang Mian... was a child from a poor family, secretly fond of reading. Han Xing in Anyang heard about it, and he was admitted as a disciple, and he became a Confucian scholar. When his nature was dead, his disciples regarded him as his nature. ." (Volume 64 of "Song and Yuan Studies"). "History of the Ming Dynasty" has similar records in Wang Mian's biography. Bao Lai raised doubts about this in his article "Research on Wang Mian's Deeds" published in Ta Kung Pao in December 1935. He said: "Was Wang Mian a student of Han Xing? If he was really a student of Han Xing, and after Han Xing's death, his classmates regarded him as Xing, this is certainly a major event worthy of a special mention in Wang Mian's short history. ...So I think this matter still needs to be doubted. "In fact, it is believed that Han Xing is Wang Mian's teacher. Although there are no poems describing Han Xing in "Zhu Zhai Poetry Collection", Han Xing's "Zhu Zhai Ji" is appended to the old manuscript.
In addition, Volume 21 of Liu Jiangsun's "Yangwu Zhai Collection" also records the "Bamboo Zhai Ji" written by Han Xing for Wang Mian, which says: "Jiyang Wang Yuanzhang named his Zhai after bamboo, and I asked Yu to record it. The Yu family arrived Jiyang is not a hundred miles away, but I haven't seen it yet. I don't know why I remember it..." Wang Mian then took out a picture he had drawn of a thatched hut covered with several bamboos and showed it to Han Xing. He also pointed to the picture and said: "This is the so-called bamboo. I am a reporter who is praying for a son. Can I remember this? "Zi" is the honorific title given to men in ancient times. From the biographies of "History of the Ming Dynasty", Quanzu Wangwen and "Zhuzhai Ji", it can be determined that Han Xing was also Wang Mian's teacher. In his youth, Wang Mian did not believe in gods and ghosts. Volume 12 of Lu Rong's Shuyuan Miscellaneous Notes of the Ming Dynasty contains such a short story: Wang Mian's home was close to a temple, and he lacked firewood for his stove, so he cut down the statues to use as firewood. However, a neighbor next door was very religious and prudent. When Wang Mian destroyed the idol, he would immediately carve the wood to repair it. He would do this three or four times. However, Wang Mian's family was safe all year round, but the family that had to make up for the portrait was in trouble. One day, the person who repaired the image summoned a witch to summon the gods, and asked: "Wang Mian destroyed the gods many times, why didn't the gods blame him, and every time I repaired the gods, why didn't the gods protect me?" This made the shaman very embarrassed. , for a moment he had nothing to say, so he got angry and said, "If you don't erect a statue, how can he burn it?" From then on, this man stopped making up the statue, and the temple was gradually destroyed. , which later became a joke. In his early years, Wang Mian was not as leisurely and peaceful as most people think. Instead, he was a person who was once keen on fame and career. He once devoted himself to studying Sun Wu's art of war, learning fencing, and had the ambition to clarify the world. He often compared himself to Yi Yin, Lu Shang, and Zhuge Liang, and wanted to do something earth-shattering. However, the cruel reality of the Yuan-Meng aristocratic rule that discriminated against Han intellectuals educated him, and his illusion was quickly shattered. He took the Jinshi examination but failed. After returning, he was full of anger and burned all his articles to express his determination to never pursue an official career. As he said in "Self-feeling": "Grow up with a strong heart and a clear mind to learn and follow good plans. Stone paintings must be self-determined and not pedantic. I am willing to be loyal and righteous, and lead the emperor to the Tang Dynasty and Yu. I want to make the world The people are still pure and prosperous. They sing poems and write gold and stones to show their parents' reputation. However, their clothes are muddy and muddy. They are as lazy as a silverfish. Later, he saved some money and went to Hangzhou for his first trip. After a few days of boating on the West Lake and visiting the historical sites, he enjoyed the scenery of Hangzhou in spring. One day, he saw a Hui Hui man leading a Hua donkey and fooling around in Hangzhou, saying that the Hua donkey could understand people's thoughts and understand the Hui language. At that time, the south of the Yangtze River was flooded and the people were starving, but Hua Lv'er was eating millet as usual, corrupting officials and throwing money at them. When Wang Mian saw this strange thing, he was so angry that he "didn't eat for ten days after returning home, and his eyes were filled with tears like rain." This was his strong protest against the dominance of the Yuan Dynasty in establishing the superior status of the Semu people. While traveling in Hangzhou, he paid his respects to the tomb of Lin Hejing, whom he admired. At that time, Yang Lianzhen, the Buddhist president in the south of the Yangtze River, excavated the tombs of emperors and empresses from the south. Gushanlin and Jing's tombs were also affected. However, there was nothing else in the tomb except a white jade hairpin. Wang Mian was deeply touched by this matter, so he wrote the poem "No gold belt was worn during his lifetime, but a white jade hairpin was left behind" ("Xianju Lu"). Wang Mian also traveled to Nanjing, Jiujiangkou and Qililong, and visited Xiaoxiang, Dongting, Taihu, Lushan, Tiandu, Taihang, Qianyue, Menyun and other places. Once, on a snowy day, I walked barefoot to Qianyue Peak, looked around, and shouted: "The whole sky and the earth are made of white jade, which makes people's hearts clear and clear, and they want to fly away as immortals!" (Volume 10 of "Zhiyuan Houji") ) He simply melted his whole body and mind into the natural wintersweet.
He once said: "I used to wear Xie Gong's clogs, and I used to look for Xie Gong's relics when I was distributing my ideas." "For the love of bamboo, I traveled all over the Jiangnan Mountains in ten years." This shows the extent of his travels and the breadth of his footprints. During the travels, "I met talented knights, talked about ancient heroes, drank wine, and sang generously and sadly" ("Jade Pot of Ice"). Through my friendship, I got to know many monks, such as Master Ming, Master Shang, Master Wu, Master Wutai, Master Yunwu, Master Shanyin, Elder Og, Master Hui, Master Qin, etc., and talked about Zen with them. , and once used the verse "The law is lawless, the law is lawless, and the law is law. When I give you the law now, how can the law be law?" to explain the theory of painting. Wang Mian once traveled north. According to "The Scholars", when he was twenty years old, he traveled to the north because Wei Su asked him for a painting, but he refused to entertain him, so Wei Su became angry. However, judging from his poems and deeds in Yanjing, it seems that he did not travel to the north when he was twenty years old, and the reason for his journey to the north was not due to danger, but had other great significance.
According to Zhang Chen's "Biography of Wang Mian", Wang Mian "returned south to Zhengwuzi". This grand tour began in Dinghai (1347), the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty (1347). Wang Mian was thirty-nine years old. He took a canal boat from Hangzhou Gutang to the north, passed Jiaxing, Songjiang, and Zhenjiang, and stayed in Nanjing. , returned to Zhenjiang, crossed the river to Yangzhou, passed through Xuzhou, Yanzhou, and Jezhou to Dadu (Beijing), and traveled between Juyongguan and Gubeikou to observe the dangerous points of the border fortress, and then went out of the Great Wall to Kaiping. One day, when he was in Nancheng, Dadu, he climbed up and looked far away, and suddenly felt relaxed and happy. However, he remembered that the beautiful mountains and rivers were under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and he couldn't help but be filled with indignation and denounced the traitors who had lured wolves into the house and betrayed the interests of the nation. One of his "Reminiscences of the Ancient City in Nancheng" wrote: "When the sun rises from a tall building, I look at the vast wilderness. The western Shandong and the eastern sea are vast. The traces of Khitan are buried in the wild grass, and the Nuzhi fireworks are separated by short walls. The rituals and music can tell us about the new system. Who asks about the old feudal borders in the mountains and rivers? How generous are the scholars? Hate, hate to kill Shi Jingtang." This journey of thousands of miles expanded his horizons and broadened his mind. His poems and paintings were even more extraordinary, and his patriotism became stronger. When he was in Beijing, the great bureaucrat of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongol Taibuhua, loved Wang Mian's paintings very much. He often sent a few rough-and-tumble boys to make loud noises at every turn, making Wang Mian restless. Later, he had no choice but to enter Tai Buhua's hotel and became a diner. Tai Buhua wanted to use him as an adviser, but he sternly refused. He smiled and said: "Don't be offended, Mr. Shangshu. You are too unintelligent. In a few years, this place will become a place where lonely rabbits roam! Why bother to be an official?" ("History of the Ming Dynasty: Wenyuan Biography", "Exposed Book Pavilion Collection") Volume 64) At this time, his reputation for painting was getting bigger and bigger, and landlords and bureaucrats were flocking to the museum to beg him to paint plum blossoms, bamboos and rocks. For a while, the mountains were piled up, and he splashed ink and brushed them, and he painted thousands of flowers and stamens in a few seconds. (Xu Xian's "Collected Biography of Barnyard History") Wei Su, a Hanlin scholar, was unknown to Wang Mian. Wei Su lived in Zhonglou Street, and Wang Mian knew about it. One day, Wei Su rode past Wang Mian. Wang Mian bowed and asked him to sit down, but without asking his name, he suddenly asked: "Is it you who lives on Bell Tower Street?" Wei Su said: "That's right." Wang Mian stopped talking to him. After Wei Su left, someone asked him who this person was. He smiled and said: "This person must be Wei Su. I have read his articles and it seems to be sly. Now looking at his behavior, it is true!" "(Zhu Yizun's "Biography of Wang Mian") Later, when Wei Su came to the Ming Dynasty, he was arrogant and was demoted to Hezhou by the Ming Taizu. He died of hatred. Legend has it that one time, when Zhu Yuanzhang was in the east side room, Wei Su walked by outside the curtain, and Taizu asked: "Who is it?" He replied: "Old Minister Wei Su." Taizu said displeased: "I I thought it was Wen Tianxiang! It's you!" So the next day, Wei Su was ordered to go to Yuque Temple to burn incense and deliberately humiliate him. From this point of view, Wang Mian was quite foresighted. Wei Su was from Jinxi, Jiangxi Province. In The Scholars, Wu Jingzi deliberately changed Wei Su to a fellow villager of Wang Mian. He wrote that when Wei Su returned to his hometown, the county officials and gentry fawned over him, but he wanted to be with Wang Mian. The crown can't be obtained at first sight. Nawei has always been used to accompany Wang Mian. On the one hand, it shows Wang Mian's noble personality, and on the other hand, it expresses the author's contempt for those groveling characters. In the north, after Wang Mian saw those arrogant rulers, his inner anger became even more uncontrollable, so he wrote a poem to express his frustration: "The sound of the eagle and the Qiang Lang is like thunder, and the eyes of the children on horseback are like lightning. They are always ignorant and demented, and they are also Showing off his power and picking up a bow and arrow, what do you think of the wise scholar? You don't know, but once Zhao Gao became prime minister, my way was like a stocking thread." He returned to Dadu from Saibei. Later, his thoughts and feelings of loving the nation and the motherland were more clearly revealed. One day, he painted a picture of plum blossoms, posted it on the wall, and wrote a poem: "The ice flowers are all like jade, and the Qiang flute can't blow them." "Come down." ("Biographies of the Poetry Collection of Dynasties") expressed that he was unwilling to paint for foreign rulers, and made ruthless satires on the powerful, which made those who saw it shrink in shock and dare not speak, thus touching the scars of the rulers. Want to arrest him. In the eighth year of Zhizheng (1348), he secretly fled back to the south ("History of Silent Poetry", Zhang Chen's "Biography of Wang Mian"). On the way back south, the Yellow River burst its banks again, and the rural houses in the counties and counties along the river were submerged. But the government didn't care, and the people had no choice but to flee in all directions, which was so desolate. Seeing this scene, Wang Mian naturally felt miserable in his heart, so he said to his friend Zhang Chen: "The Yellow River flows north, and the world will be in chaos from now on. I have no choice but to return south to fulfill my ambition." (Zhu Yizun's "Biography of Wang Mian", "Zhuji County Chronicle") At this time, he heard that his Hangzhou friend Lu Sheng died in Luanyang (northwest of Qian'an County, Hebei Province), leaving two young girls and a boy without anyone to care for him. He went to Luanyang, buried Lu Sheng, and took him to Luanyang. Two girls and one boy came back and were kept at home. Song Lian's "Biography of Wang Mian" said that there were family children who raised him, but it was actually these people.
When passing by the Huaihe River, he expressed his thoughts again, thinking that his aloof and upright mind was contrary to the cruel reality. In his poem "Return to the South", he wrote: "I left the south last year and returned from the north this year. The wine in the Huaihe River is cheap, and the water is white and the fish is fat. I speak with others uprightly, and I am aloof and contrary to the world. I pity Qiao Guozi the most. , Being down and talking about military opportunities." This trip made him see through the snobbery of human nature more clearly. Knowing that his fame has become the flower in the mirror and the moon in the water, he changed his path and imitated Zhuge Liang's life of farming and seclusion in Nanyang. He lived in seclusion in Shuinan Village in Jiuli Mountain. He called himself "Old Dragon" and named his thatched cottage "Gengduxuan". ". During the day, he participated in physical labor, planting rice, beams, mulberry and hemp, and painted at night, living a half-starved life of "being indifferent to clarify his ambitions".