There are also appellations in ancient Chinese: ① The first person is also called "claiming". Commonly used "I, I, Yu, Yu" and so on, as well as the emperor's special names "I" and "Lonely".
It can usually be translated into "I", "we", "mine" and "ours". Example 1, I have done my duty, but I said, "I am going to die."
"Zheng people buy shoes"-I have already got the shoes, and even said "I forgot to take the size." "I" is used at the beginning of a sentence instead of "I" as the subject.
2. I know my son, so stay away from me. I won't say anything. Lost-I know what you did to me, but I won't say it.
"I" is used at the end of the sentence instead of the speaker as the object. 3. The more you listen, the sadder it gets.
The snake catcher said-the more I listened, the more sad I became. "Yu" is used at the beginning of a sentence instead of the obedient person, that is, Liu Zongyuan as the subject.
4. Win in Baling and win in Dongting Lake. "Yueyang Tower"-The beautiful scenery of Baling I saw was concentrated on Dongting Lake.
The word "Yu" is used at the beginning of a sentence, not "I" as the subject. 5. I am the son of heaven. Can you speak? -I am the king of a country, can I go back on my word? "I" is what the emperor calls "I".
6. There is Kong Ming alone, but there is water in the fish. "Longzhong Dui"-I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. The word "solitary" is used at the beginning of a sentence, not Liu Bei as the subject.
The second person is also called symmetry, which is often used as "Er, Ru, Female, Ruo, Nai and Harmony". Usually translated as "yours, yours, yours, yours."
Example 1, Er 'an dares to make a move! Oil man-how dare you despise my archery! The word "two" is used at the beginning of a sentence to address the old man who sells oil for him. It is translated as "you" as the subject. 2, your heart is solid, solid.
"A Mountain of Yugong"-Your thoughts are stubborn, too stubborn to change. The word "Ru" is used at the beginning of a sentence, which means "Zhisou".
3. Confucius said, "How much do you know about your daughter?" Ten Analects of Confucius-Confucius said, "Zhong You, do you understand everything I taught you?" The word "female" is used in sentences, and after the verb "teach", it is used as the object of "teach". Instead of "Zhong You", it translates as "You".
4. If you are a servant, what about Fu Gui? Chen She Aristocratic Family-If you are a person hired to plow for others, how can you be rich? "Ruo" is used at the beginning of a sentence to represent Chen She. Equivalent to "you".
5, Julian Waghann North Central Plains Day, family sacrifices unforgettable. Lu You's Sa-don't forget to tell your father the good news when your king's army pacified the Central Plains.
The "nai" in the sentence is the pronoun, "yours". 6, and Weng Gui, since you have recalculated the ear "promoting weaving"-your father will definitely settle accounts with you when he comes back.
"Er" is the pronoun "you". (3) The third person, also known as "He Shuo", mainly includes words such as "He, He, Zhi", which can be used to refer to people as well as to replace them. Its usage is flexible and it is usually translated as "He, His, They, Their" and so on.
Example: 1, I was exhausted, I made a profit, so I stopped. "Cao Gui Debate"-Their morale was low and ours was high, so we beat him.
Here, "Bi" and "Zhi" are pronouns, which are used to refer to Qi's army and are equivalent to "them". 2. His wife raised doubts about "a foolish man is a mountain"-his wife questioned.
The word "wife" is used to replace his wife, which translates as "his". If the north is humiliated, I will kill it with my son's "loss"-if the north is humiliated, I will kill it with your hand.
The "zhi" at the end of the sentence is a pronoun, which replaces "insulting the minister" and is equivalent to "he". (4) Courtesy is a polite address to people, which can be used as "Jun, Zi, Gong, Qing, Sir, Master, First Step, Your Majesty, Your Excellency" and generally translated as "You, your old man, his old man".
For example: 1. With your strength, you can't destroy your father's hills, such as Taihang and the prince of Wu. "Fools move mountains"-with your meager strength, you can't level a small mound like Kuifu, but what can you do with these two mountains, Taihang and Prince of Wu? The word "Jun" in the sentence is used by Yu Gong's wife to address him, which is equivalent to "you". 2. Why did my son leave? "To study"-What made you go? "Zi" is a courtesy title for the other party, which is equivalent to "you".
Do you smell the anger of the son of heaven? "Tang Ju doesn't live up to his mission"-Have you ever heard of the emperor's anger? 4. Is it lonely to talk too much? Sun Quan's persuasion-you said you had many affairs, who is like me? 5. The loser said, "What is your master's life?" "Gong Biao"-Gong Biao said, "What do you want to teach your old man?" 6. Everything is done in one step. Chen She family-your career will be successful.
2. How to say it in classical Chinese?
Ba: The form of seal script comes from the hand and has a loud voice. Sound and form.
Original meaning: grab, grab: ask for wine | talk with a lamp | grab.
Note transfer: ① Control, mastery: control the plow ② Guard: Guard the wind ③ Handle of the vehicle or thing: handlebar | torch 4. A small bundle that can be held by hand: straw handle | rice handle ⑤ quantifier: handle force | a handful of rice ⑤ preposition, and will be equivalent to: understand words.
Borrow: placed after quantifiers such as hundred, thousand and ten thousand, indicating a rough estimate: Zhang Bagao | August | Bai Baliang.
(2)
Take the word (Muba) out of your hand and bully it. Sound and form. Homophonic borrowing, simplified as.
Original meaning: the part of the instrument that is easy to hold by hand: handle | seal handle
Note: stems of flowers, leaves or fruits: flower stalks | pear stalks.
Read softly in classical Chinese, ba
3. How to address others in classical Chinese? Because you asked this question, I also studied it. Let me extract and sort out other people's answers for you. If you have any questions or questions, please ask them.
The first person:
Male: I, Yu, Yu, Wu, Chen (to the king), I (the emperor claims to be), I'm a student (to the teacher), I'm just a junior, I'm a junior (to the senior), I'm a male and female (rarely, usually in the third person).
Female: Concubine, Concubine, Concubine, Nujia, Little Girl, Me, Male and Female Servants (to the King)
The second person said (generally it seems that both men and women have it):
Son, such as, female (through you), first step, if, but, Nai, Er, Er, etc. (plural), Sir (to the teacher), Your Majesty (to the king), Master (to the master), Qing, Ai Qing (to the king's courtiers).
The third person:
Pronouns such as Sir, Sir, Peter, Zhi, Qi, etc.
Speak to others:
Father: My father, my husband and my family are very strict.
Mother: My mother, Jia Ci.
Son: son, child
Daughter: Little girl.
Call him someone else:
Father: Your father, the orders are very strict.
Mother: Your mother, your kindness.
Son: Your son, your son.
Daughter: Your daughter, your love.
First, people who meet at the beginning ask for their surname, say your surname, ask your first name and say that you are a teacher. I said my last name was a certain one, and my first name was a cursive name.
Second, friends of relatives and family members should be commensurate with their birthright. Ordinary people call themselves husbands or brothers and call themselves brothers. The elders call themselves "old gentlemen", call themselves "backward scholars", or call themselves by their real names.
Third, a person's father calls you father and his mother calls you mother. People call themselves parents, saying they are strict and kind. When you meet a friend's father, you call him an old man, your mother an aunt, and you call yourself a junior or nephew.
Fourth, call people's ancestors, call them Gong Zu, and grandma calls them Zutai. People call themselves ancestors and call themselves family ancestors. Grandma called her grandma. People are called grandparents, too old and too aunt. Just call yourself by your own name.
5. Call a person's brother, your brother, your brother. People call themselves brothers and say they are brothers and sisters. Call a person's sister, call your sister your sister. People call themselves sisters, saying that they are sisters at home. When you meet someone's brother, his name is Mr. Ji, or his brother, who calls himself brother. Sisters who meet people are collectively called sisters, and they call themselves brothers. (the book is called stone)
6. Call a person's wife, say that you are being an active or respectful wife, call a person's wife, and say that you are humble or mean. I saw a man's wife calling her sister-in-law and calling herself her first name. (Women can call themselves sisters)
Seven, the woman called the man husband, yue Zun mansion gentleman, to say husband, yue slanting son. When you meet your husband, you should call him Mr., so it's better to avoid calling him Mr. Call him personally if necessary.
Eight, say a man's son, say your son or childe, say a woman call your lover, or microscope. People call themselves sons and children, while women call them daughters. People who see their children are called Shixiong, call themselves brothers, and call women Shijie, but they don't think so.
Nine, according to people's children and grandchildren, Sun Yue made a daughter and grandson. People call themselves grandsons and granddaughters. They are called little grandsons and granddaughters. When you meet somebody else's grandson, you call them sons and daughters.
Ten, according to people or from the younger generation, add a word. If you call a person's deceased parents, you should order your wife to be respected first; Call yourself a parent, be strict first and then be good. There is no need to add another word to refer to the next generation of the deceased, just say "a brother in the past", but words such as "dead" or "a brother in the past" can be added.
Eleven, say uncle and aunt, say uncle and aunt. People call themselves uncles and aunts. They call themselves uncles and aunts. Meet people's uncles and aunts and call them old ladies and gentlemen; Those who make good friends can be called old men and old aunts.
12. Call a person's uncle and aunt, and your mother's uncle and aunt. People call themselves uncles and aunts. They call them my mother's uncle's aunts. Seeing people's uncles and aunts, the title is as before.
Thirteen, said the father-in-law, Yue Ling Yue Ling mother-in-law. People are called parents-in-law, and mother-in-law is called family. See in-laws, the title is as before.
Fourteen, according to people's nephew, it is called nephew. Call people nephews, and call them nephews. Call a man's son-in-law a son-in-law. People call themselves my nephew, nephew and son-in-law. They call me nephew, nephew and little son-in-law.
15. Call people relatives and friends, call people relatives and friends. People call themselves relatives and friends and say that they will give up their relatives and friends.
Sixteen, called the teacher, named the teacher, born named Gaojiao. People call themselves teachers and they call us teachers. Call yourself a disciple. Call yourself a teacher and say master or my teacher. Call yourself an apprentice or protege.
Seventeen, said Sir, said one of your long (hospital and other departments. A person's subordinates are called your subordinates or your subordinates. People call themselves officers, say we are a leader, say we are members, say we are colleagues or family members, and call them a surname or a post.
Eighteen, said the Lord of man, yue expensive, said the servant of man, yue respect discipline. Call it an autonomous person, I am on it; Calling yourself a servant is a small price to pay.
(Attached)
First, the address, which is very complicated, is used to meeting directly in different places, so it is very different, so it is difficult to prepare. This series only records ordinary users who communicate with other countries.
Second, between relatives, the address is very subtle, and every time a typo is made, people laugh. This version is a summary and is designed for general use, so it is not included.
4. In classical Chinese, how to call poor and low-status friends "poor friends"; Friends who are friendly and close as brothers are called "the turn of Jin Lan"; Friends who share weal and woe are called "embarrassed friends"; Friends formed when encountering hardships are called "friends in need"; Friends with similar interests and deep friendship are called "friends who don't look back"; A good friend of the opposite sex who grew up together is called "friendship of bamboo and horses"; Friends who associate as civilians are called "friends of cloth"; Friends of different generations and ages are called "forgetting to make friends"; Friends who don't care about their identity or appearance are called "forgetful friends"; Friends who don't change their deep friendship because of the change of nobility and inferiority are called "car hats"; Friends who support each other morally are called "friends of gentlemen"; Friends who are like-minded and know each other well are called "friends who have never met before" ("friends who have never met before").
There were three situations in which the ancients called him by his first name: (1) claimed his first name or first name. Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems".
(2) for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou".
(3) people who are disgusted and despised. For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter".
The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names. Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders.
For example, Qu Ping is Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is Tao, Li Bai is Du Fu, Han Yu is Han Tui, Liu Zongyuan is Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, and Su Zhe is Su Ziyuan. Book names are also called alias numbers and table numbers.
The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself. Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title.
Such as: Sir, Wuliu, Li Bai, Qinglian, Du Fu, Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi, Xiangshan, Li Shangyin, born in Yuxi, He, was named Siming fanatic in his later years, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Dongpo, and Lu You, Wen Tianxiang, Wenshan. In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title.
For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong. Calling Qin Gui a traitor is a kind of "evil death".
Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai's name is Bao, also called Bao, because his name is Bao.
Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (its name is "Zhuangfei Building"). According to legend, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he is called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan).
There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren." The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu.
Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli. For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County.
It is called "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, so it is called because he was once awarded the position of General Qiu Lu. In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his troops wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his troops to make a bright future". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position.
"Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou.
It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su. The title of "training frugality to show health" is "the luxury crown in recent years", the title of Kou Zhun is Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong is a provincial title.
In Meihualing, Duoduo was named Prince Yu by the Qing Dynasty. In the biography of Liu Jingting, "Ningnan goes south, Anhui Shuai wants to marry Ningnan and pay tribute to the shogunate Zhongting". Ningnan was the provincial name of Zuo Liangyu in the late Ming Dynasty.
For example, Zhuge Liang was once conferred the title of marquis of Wu, so later generations are commensurate with marquis of Wu; Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, attacked the title of Xie Xuan, his ancestor, and he thanked him in the past. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it was named Zheng Guogong, so it was called Wei in the world. Guo Ziyi, a famous soldier, was named Guo Ziyi and called "Guo Fenyang" for putting down the Anshi Rebellion. Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher, was named Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan in the world; In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was named King Gong Jing. Sima Guang was once knighted.