Zhao Mengfu, a great painter, experienced a complicated and embarrassing life. As a fugitive in the Southern Song Dynasty, he left many controversies in the history books. The fundamental reason for belittling Zhao Mengfu's book style is that he despises Zhao Mengfu. Although many people criticize Zhao Mengfu's painting skills because of his official career, it is unfair to judge the artist's artistic level by non-artistic factors. In view of Zhao Mengfu's achievements in the history of fine arts and culture, in 1987, the International Astronomical Society named Mercury Crater after Zhao Mengfu to commemorate his contribution to the history of human culture. The ink of Zhao Mengfu's paintings and calligraphy scattered in Japan, the United States and other places are regarded as treasures and well preserved.
Zhao Mengfu is well-read, good at poetry and prose, familiar with economy, industrial calligraphy, fine painting, good at epigraphy, fluent in temperament and appreciation. In particular, calligraphy and painting achieved the highest achievements in the Yuan Dynasty, creating a new style of painting, which was called "the crown of Yuan people". In painting, landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, bamboo stones and pommel horses are omnipotent; Fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, turquoise, ink and wash, everything is fine. He occupies an important position in the history of calligraphy in China. From the age of five, Zhao Mengfu began to learn calligraphy, and he kept reading and writing until his death. It can be said that his love for calligraphy has reached a soft spot. He is good at seal script, official script, authentic works, calligraphy and cursive script, especially at regular script and calligraphy. The Book History of Yuan Dynasty says that "Meng Zhi's seal calligraphy is the highest in ancient and modern times, so the title of the book is the world". Yuan Xianyu wrote the Collection of Xue Kunzhai: "Zi Angyin, Li, Zhen, Xing and Dian Cao are the first in the contemporary era, and Xiao Kai is the first among Zi Ang's books." His elegant style, neat structure and skillful brushwork are praised as "Zhao Ti" by the world. With Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, they are also called "four masters" of regular script.
There are many books handed down by Zhao Mengfu, including Gan, Luo Shen Fu, Danba Monument, Gui Qu Lai Ci, Thirteen Postscripts of Lanting, Chibi Fu, Tao Te Ching, Qiu Ai Tombstone Inscription and so on. He is the author of Notes on Shangshu and Collected Works of Song Xuezhai (12).
Yan Zhenqing Tang Zhongzong Jinglong three years (AD 709)-Tang Dezong Zhenyuan first year (AD 785), 77 years old, Langxie Linyi (Shandong Linyi) people. This word is clear. He is a representative figure of calligraphy innovation in the middle Tang Dynasty, and his regular script is dignified and majestic. Running script is easy and colorful. His calligraphy is not only influenced by the charm and charm in the previous style of calligraphy, but also not bound by the ancient law. It breaks through the conventions of the early Tang Dynasty and is unique and named "quiver". Song Ouyang Xiu commented: "Thinking about life is loyal, so calligraphy and painting are strong and independent, and they don't attack the past. They are quite magical, a bit like people. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu listed his calligraphy as a sacred product in "Continued Book Break". " He also commented: "The point is like a falling stone, the painting is like Xia Yun, the hook is like gold, and the bow is like a crossbow. There are images in both vertical and horizontal directions, and there is a low posture. Since the dedication, no one has said it. "
Duke Lu is a great figure in the history of calligraphy. Its official books are famous for their great strength, such as "the sword is destroyed and the momentum is shocked", represented by the strict temple monument. As for everyone on the cliff, it is magnificent, especially in the Tang Dynasty. At the highest level, those who show the spirit of rushing far away will push Li's memorial tablet. The grass is strong, beautiful and full of ancient meaning, and the manuscript of offering sacrifices to nephews is the first.
China occupies a special position in the history of calligraphy. Only Yan Zhenqing can shine alongside the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi. His calligraphy features regular script and cursive script. The inscriptions written in regular script are correct, beautiful and powerful. He was born when regular script was popular, which was contrary to Wang Xizhi's typical example and led the new trend of calligraphy.
Yan Zhenqing was born a scholar, and became the governor of the plain, which made him famous all over the world. The Anshi Rebellion reached john young, and all counties in Hebei surrendered. Only Yan Zhenqing stuck to Pingyuan City and did his best for the rebel leaders and the Tang Dynasty. Finally, he was ordered by Dezong to surrender to the rebel Li Xilie and was killed. And his loyal and strong deeds all his life have improved his position in calligraphy. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is like a person, always using the front. Therefore, the so-called eight-part brushwork of Yan Fa has less artistic value, but this brushwork can give full play to men's calmness and fortitude.
After the mid-Tang Dynasty, the old system was in a state of disintegration due to the separatist regime and war. The establishment of a new model of regular script in Yan Zhenqing is the embodiment of the reconstruction of the new order. However, the regular script with strict rules was far from the social background at that time, so after the end of the Tang Dynasty, the development of calligraphy art focused on cursive script, and the classical model finally gave way to the lyrical style of individualism.
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is called Yan Style, which has its unique style and brushwork. There are many inscriptions left by him, and later calligraphers think that traces of "round pen" can be found in some of his inscriptions, which is different from other calligraphers' "Fang Bi".
Yan Zhenqing is regarded as a pioneer by calligraphers with round pens. The use of square pens by him and Wang Xizhi had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Yan Zhenqing's existing calligraphy works include: Duota Monument, Yan Family Temple Monument, Yan Monument, Ma Gu Xian Tan, and Sacrifice to Bo Manuscript. He and Liu Gongquan, another famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, were called "Yan Liu".
His works are numerous, and it is said that there are 130 kinds handed down. Many regular script are valued by later generations, such as Twin Towers, Oriental Painting Praise Monument, Magu Fairy Altar, Guo Monument and Li Yanqin Monument. These inscriptions are regular script with personality, characteristics and positive style, but the strokes are thin and thick, and the feet are too weak, so it is required to be verve when learning. His running script "Ji Ming's Nephew's Manuscript" is a work of grief and indignation, and it is called the second running script in the world. The running script also includes "Competing for Seats" and "General Pei's Post".
Multi-Pagoda Monument, full name "Induction Inscription of Multi-Pagoda in Qianfu Temple in Xijing, Datang": regular script, written by Cenxun, inscribed by Xu Hao. The font is symmetrical and plump. In the 11th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 725), it was established in April. The monument is preserved in the forest of steles in Xi, Shaanxi.
Liu Gongquan was born in Dali, Tang Daizong in the 13th year (AD 778)-Xian Tong, Tang Yizong in the 6th year (AD 865), at the age of 88. Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) was born. The palace is a prince, so the deceased called it "Liu". He began to learn from Wang Xizhi, the brushwork of Ou Yangxun and Yan Zhenqing, and then set up his own family. The regular script written is beautiful and strong. Compared with Yan Ti, Liuzi is slightly thinner, so it is called "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Mu Zong asked Liu Gongquan how to use a pen, and Gong Quan replied: "Use a pen in your heart, and your mind is right." "Mu Gong changed his face and remonstrated with his pen. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Zai said: "The public power official book has the best operation mode, but the grass can't. "Its method is based on beauty, but it is rich and famous in the world." He began to learn Wang Xizhi's brushwork, and later read the modern calligraphy, so he tried his best to change the right army method, learn from Yan Zhenqing, and assimilate his new ideas, so that his calligraphy avoided the tendency of horizontal and vertical, adopted a balanced and thin and hard approach, and steadily chased Wei Bei, making his brushwork simply beautiful, vigorous and tight. Many scholars in later generations took Liu Zi as a model.
He was a 29-year-old scholar and served as a junior official in the local area. Later, Tang Muzong came across his handwriting. Once called to Chang 'an by the imperial court. Liu Gongquan was in his forties at that time. His character is both backbone and meticulous. Similarly, his handwriting also reveals this part of his characteristics. Because of this, his reputation and position in Chang 'an have been improved, and the general princes and nobles are scrambling to invite him with huge sums of money.
Calligraphy in the late Tang Dynasty experienced prosperity in the middle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but it also reached its peak and declined. Although Liu Gongquan's fame was popular for a while, he was still slightly better than Yan Shu. Calligraphy flourished in the Tang Dynasty, but now it has declined. Liu Gongquan's regular script involves Ou Yangxun's brushwork, and some strokes are often closely interspersed, which is particularly broad, fine and angular. Although the pen was written by Yan Zhenqing, it is different from Yan Zhenqing's vigorous and broad style, which is particularly heroic.
Liu Gongquan died at the age of eighty. He served seven emperors and finally died as the Prince of Shao Shi.
There are many books handed down from ancient times, among which Mysterious Tower, Shence Army Monument and Diamond Sutra are the most prominent.
1, Monument to the Shence Army: in regular script, established in the third year of Tang Huichang (AD 843). It is one of Liu Gongquan's representative works, which is more distinctive than the book style of Mysterious Tower, which is widely known in later generations. The structure is smooth and even, and the left side is tight and the right side is comfortable. It is also a good model for temporary writing.
2. The Diamond Sutra of Liu Shu: in regular script, in the reign of Tang Changqing (AD 824), engraved in April. The original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty. Tang Tuo, a stone chamber in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was handed down from generation to generation, intact, and is now in the Paris Museum, France. Critics believe that the regular script Diamond Sutra is a masterpiece of Zhong (Yao), Wang (Xizhi), Ou (), Yu (Heather), Chu (Sui Liang) and Lu (Dong Zhi), which has high artistic value.
3. "Mysterious Pagoda": regular script. The first year of Tang Huichang (AD 84 1 year) was established in February, and the original monument is now Xi 'an stele forest in Shaanxi. This monument is the most famous book handed down from generation to generation. It is one of the most influential models in regular script.