1 and 1206, Temujin unified the Mongolian Plateau and established Mongolia. The Mongolian nobles respectfully called him Genghis Khan.
2. After the establishment of Mongolia, Xixia and Jin were eliminated successively. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan inherited Khan's position, made the country a yuan and made its capital mostly (now Beijing). Kublai Khan is Yuan Shizu. Later 1276, the Southern Song Dynasty fell.
3. The most famous anti-Yuan hero at that time was Wen Tianxiang. "Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving Dan's heart to shine." This sentence shows that after Wen Tianxiang was captured, he would rather die than surrender, not afraid of * * *.
4. Provincial system: (1) Goal: Effectively govern the whole country.
(2) Contents: ① The central government established "Zhongshu Province" as the highest administrative institution in China;
(2) local governments set up "provinces", referred to as provinces or provinces;
③ The establishment of "Penghu Inspection Department" to manage Penghu and Taiwan Province Province (then called Ryukyu);
(4) Establish "Zheng Xuan Academy" to manage the government affairs of Buddhism and Tibetan areas. * * * officially became the administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty.
(3) Function: ① It is a significant development of Qin county system;
(2) Strengthen the central government's rule over local governments and consolidate national unity;
③ Later it was used in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The establishment of provincial administrative regions in China began in the Yuan Dynasty.
5. During the Song Dynasty, ethnic integration further developed. The development of ethnic integration in the Yuan Dynasty is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) the Han nationality developed the frontier; (2) All ethnic groups in the frontier moved to the mainland and lived together with the Han nationality; (3) the integration of the Khitan, Nuzhen and other ethnic groups with the Han nationality; (4) *** began to form.
Splendid Song and Yuan culture (1)
1, the Song and Yuan Dynasties was the peak period of ancient science and technology development in China.
2. Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in Northern Song Dynasty, which greatly promoted the spread and development of culture and was China's outstanding contribution to world civilization. Movable type printing in European countries is about 400 years later than that in China.
As early as the Warring States period, people made "Sina", which is the earliest guide in the world. During the Northern Song Dynasty, compasses were made and began to be used in navigation. Compass was widely used in navigation during the Southern Song Dynasty, and was introduced to Europe by * * *.
Gunpowder was invented by an alchemist in ancient China. It began to be used in military affairs in the late Tang Dynasty and was widely used in wars in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Gunpowder and gunpowder weapons were introduced to Europe in 13 and 14 centuries.
Printing, compass, gunpowder and papermaking are the four great inventions of the ancient people in China, and they are the great contributions of the Chinese nation to the development of world civilization.
"No empire, no sect, no famous figure can have greater power and influence than these three mechanical inventions in the cause of mankind." -British thinker Bacon (Bacon's "three major mechanical inventions" refer to gunpowder, printing and compass invented by China)
Brilliant Song and Yuan Culture (2)
1. The Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian is a magnum opus of general history, which records the history from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties and has important reference value for studying the ancient history of China.
2. Ci is a new poetic style with long and short sentences, which appeared in the Tang Dynasty and was first popular among the people. Ci is the main literary form in Song Dynasty. Among them, three outstanding poets are Su Shi, Xin Qiji and Li Qingzhao.
Su Shi (Northern Song Dynasty) has a heroic and vigorous ci style; His masterpiece is Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia.
Li Qingzhao (early Song Dynasty), with euphemistic ci style and sincere feelings, is good at using spoken English, especially fresh and natural.
Xin Qiji developed the bold and unconstrained style of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty.
"When you are drunk, you look at the sword and you dream of blowing the horn." -Xin Qiji
3. Yuanqu is composed of zaju and Sanqu. The representative figure is Guan Hanqing, and his masterpiece is Dou Eyuan.
4. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the masterpiece of Zhang Zeduan, a great painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and an immortal work in the art history of China.
2. People's Education Publishing House, Grade Seven, Volume Two, History Midterm Review Outline 1~ 13 Features of Sui and Tang Dynasties: Prosperity and Opening to the Outside World 1. The unification of Sui and the Grand Canal (P2-7) 1. Established in Sui Dynasty: 58 1, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (Sui Dynasty)
2) Unification of the Sui Dynasty: In 589, the Sui Dynasty was destroyed and unified. This is another unification since Qin and Han Dynasties.
Thinking about the reasons for the completion of the reunification of the Sui Dynasty: Objectively speaking: ① the integration of the northern nationalities and the economic development of the south. (2) Long-term separatist regime, the people long for reunification.
The Southern Chen Dynasty was corrupt and unpopular. Subjectively: ① After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, it was governed vigorously, politically stable, economically prosperous and militarily powerful.
② Sui is well prepared and has a proper strategic policy. 3) The reason for the demise of the Sui Dynasty: the tyranny of the Sui Dynasty.
Short-lived, similar to Qin, was overthrown by the peasant uprising. 4) The historical role of the unification of the Sui Dynasty: it ended the long-term division, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South, and laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Sui Grand Canal 1. Objective: To strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of Sui Dynasty. 2. Time: Yang Di's reign.
3. Overview: Pay attention to the P5 diagram. It is more than 2,000 kilometers long-the longest canal in the ancient world. Δ Three points: Luoyang as the center, Jiaojun (now Beijing) in the north and Yuhang (now Hangzhou) in the south.
Δ 4: From north to south, it is called "Yong, Tong, Han and Jiang". Five rivers: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River. 4. Function: It has become the link of economic and cultural exchanges between North and South, and promoted the development of towns and industries along the Canal.
Play a role in promoting north-south exchanges. 5. Evaluation of the Sui Grand Canal: 1) Benefits: ① It has become a political, economic and cultural link between the North and the South, and also a hub for communicating the Asian inland Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road.
② Continue to play the role of connecting the north and south arteries. 2) Disadvantages: Digging the Grand Canal increased the burden on the working people and accelerated the demise of the Sui Dynasty.
Second, Emperor Taizong and Zhenguan Rule (P8- 1 1) 1. With the establishment of the Tang Dynasty (16 18), Li Yuan (Tang Gaozu) established the Tang Dynasty with Chang 'an as its capital. (2) In 626, Emperor Taizong (Li Shimin) succeeded to the throne, with the title of Zhenguan.
2. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy was restored and developed, and the national strength was enhanced, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. 3. Reasons for the rule of Zhenguan: 1) Li Shimin experienced the peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and paid attention to learning the lessons of the Sui Dynasty.
2) We can correctly understand the relationship between the monarch and the people: water can carry a boat and also overturn it. 3) The coach can choose people and use energy with an open mind.
Wei Zhi remonstrated more than 200 times before and after, and was praised by Emperor Taizong as a mirror that can "know the gains and losses"; The room () is broken (such as dark). 4) Pay attention to reform.
4. The main content of "Zhenguan New Deal" is 1) Economy: reforming the tax system. (reduce the number of days of serving the people, accept material instead of service, and relax personal bondage) 2) Politics: follow and improve the "three provinces and six departments system" and write decrees; Province under the door-audit; Shangshu-responsible for implementation, consists of six departments (official, household, ceremony, soldier, criminal, and worker).
3) Law: Tang Law is the earliest and most complete law in China. 4) Education: Improve the imperial examination system.
5) Ethnic relations: close relations with ethnic minorities. Third, the magnificent prosperous era (P 13— 18) 1. Empress Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China history, changed her country name to "Zhou".
1) Ruling measures: ① Reuse cruel officials. (2) Change Zhenguan Genealogy to Surname Genealogy.
③ Development of Imperial Examination (Imperial Examination and Martial Arts) 2) Evaluation: It promoted the continuous development of social production, and was called "the legacy of Zhenguan" in history, which laid the foundation for the arrival of the heyday of the Tang Dynasty (the early year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty). 2. The prosperous time of Kaiyuan-Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty 1) "Kaiyuan" is the title of the early Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
2) Measures to govern the country: reuse talents; Rectify official management; Reform the military, financial and grain transportation systems. 3) Evaluation: In the early Tang Xuanzong, the political situation was stable and the economy was prosperous. The Tang Dynasty reached its peak, and it was known as "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng".
"Recalling the heyday of Kaiyuan yesterday, there were still thousands of families in the small town. Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are solid. "
It reflects the prosperous scene of Xuanzong period in Tang Dynasty. 3. Socio-economic prosperity 1) Agriculture: There are new production tools: furrow plough and tractor irrigation.
Grain output has increased. 2) Technological progress of handicraft industry.
Porcelain (Xing kiln-white porcelain; Yueyao-celadon); Shu brocade; Cast iron etc. 3) The population has increased and the territory is vast: East → Anton; West → Anxi; North → Mongolian Plateau; South → South China Sea.
Four. High-spirited and enterprising social outlook (P20-24) 1. The imperial examination system 1) means that the system of selecting officials through subject examinations emphasizes the principle of selecting officials according to their abilities. 2) Birth and perfection: Born in Emperor Yang Di; Perfect in the Tang Dynasty.
3) Main subjects: Jinshi and Mingjing. 4) Functions: ① Expanding the ruling base of the central government; (2) It creates competitive opportunities for scholars in relatively equal and can select talents; (3) enhanced the vitality and efficiency of state institutions; It is beneficial to national development and social progress.
5) The essence of the imperial examination system is to strengthen centralized rule-"If you are caught in my net, you will be a hero in the world and never return". 2. Food, clothing, housing, fashion, drinking tea and riding horses.
3. Broad spirit, blending of Hu and Han, blending of Chinese and Western. V. Harmony as a Family (P26-29) 1. The characteristics of ethnic relations in Tang dynasty: the sum of one family.
2. Tiankhan is the honorific title of the northwest minorities to Emperor Taizong. ? The reason why Emperor Taizong won the support of ethnic minorities: Emperor Taizong implemented an enlightened and equal ethnic policy, respected ethnic customs and lifestyles of ethnic minorities, and appointed ethnic minorities as officials, thus winning the respect of ethnic minorities.
3. Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng-Tang Taizong period 1) Tubo is the ancestor of Tibetans. 2) Function: It has promoted the economic and cultural development of Tubo and strengthened the friendly exchanges between the two peoples.
4. During the Tang Zhongzong period, Princess Jincheng entered Tibet, and "harmony remained unchanged". The intransitive verb opens and communicates (P32-36) 1. Tang emissary 1) Tang emissary is a Japanese emissary sent to study China's advanced culture.
① Purpose of coming: To learn China's advanced culture and political system. ② Influence: The envoys in the Tang Dynasty brought back the laws and regulations, astronomical calendar, calligraphy art, architectural technology and living habits of the Tang Dynasty to Japan, which had a far-reaching impact on Japan's production, life and social development.
2) Japan carried out the reform after the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China-"the reform from big to new". 2. Jian Zhen Du Dong ① Time: Emperor Xuanzong ② Purpose: To spread Buddhism in Japan.
(3) presided over the construction of the Tang and Zhao Temple. ④ He has made outstanding contributions to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
3. People's Education Press, seventh grade, Volume II, about 13 History lesson 13 Brilliant Song and Yuan culture (1) (General lesson 12) Learning objective: 1. Master the basic situation of brilliant scientific and technological achievements in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
2. Guide students to observe illustrations, imagine and analyze historical materials, explore the invention process of movable type printing, compass and gunpowder, and cultivate students' thinking ability to perceive and imagine history. 3. Guide students to analyze the reasons for the high development of science and technology in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and make them realize that our ancestors were in a leading position in world science and technology culture, and the Chinese nation made great contributions to human civilization, thus inspiring strong patriotic feelings and national pride.
Learning focus: the invention of movable type printing, the application of compass and gunpowder and their spread to the world. Reasons for the high development of science and technology in song and yuan dynasties. Learning process: autonomous learning: students read the "introduction box", texts, illustrations and "thinking" on pages 72-74, teach themselves and answer the following questions: 1, which three scientific and technological achievements were world-famous in the Song and Yuan Dynasties? What is the time, application and spread of its invention? (Can be discussed in the group) 2. What dynasty did Shen Kuo and Guo Shoujing live in? What are their scientific and technological achievements? What are their excellent qualities worth learning? 3. Analysis of the reasons for the high development of science and technology in Song and Yuan Dynasties. (Group discussion has been completed) (2) Cooperative inquiry: 1, my question: 2 Combining the illustrations of the texts "Firearms in Southern Song Dynasty", "Artillery in Yuan Dynasty" and the introductory box "Rocket", "Think": Are they the same as today's rocket launching principle? 3. Teachers guide the third question in autonomous learning and complete the answer to this question through teacher-student cooperation. (3) Extension: Through the study of this lesson, talk about the influence of China's four great inventions on world history.
(4) Systematic summary: scientific and technological achievements in Song and Yuan Dynasties: 1, movable type printing 2, compass (invention, application and dissemination) 3, gunpowder (5) consolidation training: 1, and movable type edition did not appear in Europe until15th century. Later than Bi Sheng's invention () a, 300 B, 400 C, 800 D, 1000 2. The earliest guiders made in China were in () A, Warring States B, Han C, Tang D and Northern Song 3. Guess who is most likely to use muskets () A, Meng Tian B and Sun Wu C. Their landmark achievements are ① the invention of papermaking ② the invention of movable type printing ③ the application of compass in navigation ④ the widespread use of gunpowder () A, 123B, 124C, 134D, 2345. Read the following materials: Han Feizi wrote: "Wang Li Sina seized the day and night first." Material 2 According to "Zhou Ping can talk", in the Northern Song Dynasty, someone saw "a boatman who knows geography, watches the stars at night, watches the sun by day, and watches the compass" in Yingzhou.
Material 3 Marx said in "The Application of Machine, Nature and Science": "Gunpowder, compass and printing-these are three dozen inventions that indicate the arrival of bourgeois society. Gunpowder shattered chivalry, compass opened the world market and established colonies, while printing became a tool of Protestantism and, in general, a means of scientific rejuvenation. "
Material 4 Mr. Lu Xun said in "Advantages and Disadvantages of Electricity": "Foreigners use a compass to sail, and China people use it to see Feng Shui." Please answer after reading it: (1) The four great inventions in ancient China were,,, and.
(2) According to the materials and knowledge, point out the role of Sina and compass. (3) How to understand the content of Material 3? How did the compass, printing and gunpowder mentioned in the materials develop during the Song and Yuan Dynasties? (4) What problems did Mr. Lu Xun reveal in Material 4 in China society at that time? .
4. People's Education Edition, seventh grade, Volume II, About 13 Lesson 13 Historical Issues, Brilliant Song and Yuan Culture (1)
(Total 12 class hours)
Learning objective: 1. Master the basic situation of brilliant scientific and technological achievements in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
2. Guide students to observe illustrations, imagine and analyze historical materials, explore the invention process of movable type printing, compass and gunpowder, and cultivate students' thinking ability to perceive and imagine history.
3. Guide students to analyze the reasons for the high development of science and technology in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and make them realize that our ancestors were in a leading position in world science and technology culture, and the Chinese nation made great contributions to human civilization, thus inspiring strong patriotic feelings and national pride.
Learning focus: the invention of movable type printing, the application of compass and gunpowder and their spread to the world.
The difficulty of learning: the reason for the high development of science and technology in Song and Yuan Dynasties
Learning process:
Autonomous learning:
Students read the "import box", texts, illustrations and "thinking" on pages 72-74, teach themselves and answer the following questions:
1. What major scientific and technological achievements attracted worldwide attention during the Song and Yuan Dynasties? What is the time, application and spread of its invention? (Can be discussed in groups)
2. What dynasty did Shen Kuo and Guo Shoujing live in? What are their scientific and technological achievements? What are their excellent qualities worth learning?
3. Analysis of the reasons for the high development of science and technology in Song and Yuan Dynasties. (Group discussion completed)
(2) cooperative exploration:
1, my question: ...
2. Our question is: ...
3. The teacher's question:
1. What do you think is the difference between block printing and movable type printing?
2. Combining the illustrations of the text "Southern Song Dynasty Firearms", "Yuan Dynasty Artillery" and the introductory box "Rocket", "Think": Are they the same as today's rocket launching principle?
3. Teachers guide the third question in autonomous learning and complete the answer to this question through teacher-student cooperation.
(3) Expansion and extension:
Through the study of this lesson, talk about the influence of China's four great inventions on world history.
(4) System summary:
Scientific and technological achievements in Song and Yuan Dynasties: 1, movable type printing.
2. Compass (invention, application and dissemination)
3, gunpowder
(5) Consolidate training:
1, Europe didn't have a movable type edition until15th century, which was later than Bi Sheng's invention ().
A, 300b, 400c, 800d, 1000.
2, our country made the earliest guidance instrument is in ().
A, Warring States Period B, Han Dynasty C, Tang Dynasty D, Northern Song Dynasty
3. Guess who is most likely to use muskets ()
A, Meng Tian B, Sun Wu C, Wei Qing D, Yue Fei
4. The Song and Yuan Dynasties were the peak of the development of ancient science and technology in China, and its symbolic achievements were ① the invention of papermaking ② the invention of movable type printing ③ the application of compass in navigation ④ the widespread use of gunpowder ().
a、①②③ B、①②④ C、①③④ D、②③④
5. Read the following materials
The first material, Everything is done by Han Feizi, records: "Wang Li Sina seized the sky first (referring to the east-west direction)."
Material 2 According to "Zhou Ping can talk", in the Northern Song Dynasty, someone saw "a boatman who knows geography, watches the stars at night, watches the sun by day, and watches the compass" in Yingzhou.
Material 3 Marx said in "The Application of Machine, Nature and Science": "Gunpowder, compass and printing-these are three dozen inventions that indicate the arrival of bourgeois society. Gunpowder shattered chivalry, compass opened the world market and established colonies, while printing became a tool of Protestantism and, in general, a means of scientific rejuvenation. "
Material 4 Mr. Lu Xun said in "Advantages and Disadvantages of Electricity": "Foreigners use a compass to sail, and China people use it to see Feng Shui."
Please answer after reading:
(1) The four great inventions dedicated to mankind in ancient China are,,,
(2) According to the materials and knowledge, point out the role of Sina and compass.
(3) How to understand the content of Material 3? How did the compass, printing and gunpowder mentioned in the materials develop during the Song and Yuan Dynasties?
(4) What problems did Mr. Lu Xun reveal in Material 4 in China society at that time?
5. People's Education Press Seventh-grade History Volume II 1~ 14 Important Knowledge First-grade History Volume II 114 Review Outline Lesson 65438 +0, Prosperous Sui Dynasty1,the prosperous period of China feudal society is Sui and Tang Dynasties.
In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty established the Sui Dynasty with Chang 'an as its capital. In 589, the Sui Dynasty unified China.
The Sui Dynasty is most similar to the Qin Dynasty in history. 2. When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was in office, he appeared: "There are several reserves in the world, which can be used for 50 or 60 years" ("Zhenguan dignitaries").
3. The purpose of opening the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty is to strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of Sui Dynasty over the whole country. The reigning emperor: Emperor Yang Di.
Overview: Zhuo Jun County in the north and Yuhang in the south. From north to south, it is divided into Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan. Historical position: With a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, it is the longest canal in the ancient world.
Function: It has greatly promoted the economic exchanges between the north and the south of China. Lesson 2: Zhenguan dignitaries as their agents 1, 6 18 Tang Gaozu Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, with Chang 'an as its capital.
Li Shimin is Emperor Taizong. 2. The reason (content) of Zhenguan rule is: (1) to realize the greatness of the people's power and learn the lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty; (2) frivolous and generous, develop production; (3) abstain from extravagance and keep it simple; (4) Merging counties and reorganizing official management; (5) Appoint talented people and be humble to coachable ("Take copper as a mirror, you can dress yourself; Looking at the past as a mirror, we can see the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror and you can know the gains and losses. "
) [6], Daxing School, Developing Imperial Examination 3 Wu Zetian: Historical Status: She was the only female emperor in China history. Achievements: (1) Attach importance to the development of agricultural production; (2) Attach great importance to talents; (3) strengthening the national strength of the Tang Dynasty is called "opening up the new century with politics and governing macro-unification"; (3) The content (reason) of Kaiyuan's reign; (1) Selecting and appointing talents; (3) attaching importance to local bureaucracy; And pay attention to thrift: in the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday.
2. In the Tang Dynasty, farmers improved the structure of plows, made crankshaft plows and created new irrigation tools. 3. The ceramic industry developed rapidly in the Tang Dynasty, among which Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang Sancai were the most famous.
Chang 'an City is divided into Fang and Shi, Fang is a residential area and Shi is a bustling commercial area. The fourth lesson, the establishment of imperial examination system 1. BACKGROUND: (1) The original official selection system (nine grades system) has serious drawbacks. (2) The unification of the Sui Dynasty required a large number of talented people. (2) Establish a branch of Wendi. (2) Yang Di has opened the Jinshi branch. The imperial examination system was formally established. 3. Perfection of the imperial examination system. 1. Dynasty: Tang Dynasty. 2. Characters: Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong. 3. Process: 1. Emperor Taizong: expanding the scale of Chinese studies. 2. Wu Zetian: Open a palace exam and set up martial arts. 3. Tang Xuanzong: Poetry and Fu became the main content of the imperial examination system. 4. The influence of imperial examination system. 1. The employment system has been improved, and talented scholars have the opportunity to work at all levels.
(2) It promoted the development of education, and the atmosphere of scholars studying hard prevailed. ③ It promoted the development of literature and art; ④ ⑤. It played an important role in the history of world civilization.
[6], the imperial examination system has a progressive role, but it also implies disadvantages. There is the same 1 in the fifth lesson. In the Tang Dynasty, Mohong, the ancestor of Manchu today, lived in the northeast. During the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, a country was established in the Mohong area at the end of the millet, with its leader as the commander-in-chief and the king of Bohai County sealed. Since then, Mo Hong at the end of the millet has been named Bohai Sea, and Bohai Sea has.
2. In the Tang Dynasty, the Uighurs lived in the north, and they were the ancestors of the * * * Er nationality. In the middle of the 8th century, a khanate was established in Uighur, and the leader of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was Huairen Khan. Later, Uighur changed its name to Uighur. During the Tang Dynasty, Turks lived in the north. Emperor Taizong and Wu Zetian successively set up the highest military and political institutions governing the western regions in Xinjiang today-Anxi Dufu and Beiting Dufu.
In the Tang Dynasty, Tubo people lived in the west and were the ancestors of Tibetans. At the beginning of the 7th century, Tubo Zanpu Songzanganbu unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, making its capital more logical.
Songzan Gambu proposed to Tang many times, and Emperor Taizong betrothed Princess Wencheng to him. At the beginning of the 8th century, the Tang Dynasty married Princess Jincheng to Tubo. Tubo Zampa wrote to the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Tubo and the Tang Dynasty were already "a family".
5. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zhao lived in the southwest, where he was the ancestor of Yi and Bai. Later, the southernmost Nanzhao unified six imperial edicts, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named its leader the King of Yunnan.
6. Emperor Taizong said: "Since ancient times, China has always been the most important, and I love him as always." Therefore, Emperor Taizong was called Tiankhan by the leaders of the northern nationalities and the western regions.
Lesson 6 Friendly exchanges with foreign countries. The Tang Dynasty enjoyed a high reputation in the world, and all countries called China a "Tang man". 2. Japan sent envoys and students from the Tang Dynasty to visit and study in China, imitated the system of the Tang Dynasty to carry out political reforms, created Japanese characters with reference to Chinese characters, and protected some fashions of the Tang Dynasty in social life, customs, diet, clothing, etc. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen visited Japan six times, and his carefully designed Tang Zhaoti Temple was regarded as an artistic pearl by Japan.
During the Tang Dynasty, Silla products ranked first among the imported goods in the Tang Dynasty. 4. During the period of Emperor Taizong, Xuanzang went west to Tianzhu, which contributed to the cultural exchange between China and India. He wrote The Western Regions of Datang.
Lesson 7 Sui and Tang culture (1) 1. Zhao Zhouqiao, designed and built by Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman in Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world. Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the largest city in the world at that time, and Daming Palace in the north of the city was the most magnificent building.
3. China invented block printing in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Diamond Sutra published in the Tang Dynasty is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world. 4. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China's poetry creation. The poets with the highest achievements and greatest influence are Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.
Li Bai, who lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was an uninhibited person. His representative works include "The First Creation of Baidicheng" and "Difficult Road to Shu", which are called "Poets". Du Fu lived in an era of prosperity and decline in the Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Three Officials and Three Farewells. His poems are called "the history of poetry" by later generations, and people call him "the sage of poetry".
Bai Juyi lived in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are straightforward and easy to understand. Representative works include Qin Zhongyin and New Yuefu. Lesson 8 sui and Tang culture (2) 1. Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were the most famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Zhenqing created a vigorous and honest style of new books, which was called "Yan Ti" in history. He is the most successful calligrapher in the history of calligraphy in China after Wang Xizhi.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is beautiful and vigorous, calling himself "Liu Ti". 2. The painters who had great influence on later generations in Tang Dynasty were Yan and Wu Daozi.
Yan is good at drawing characters' stories. His representative works include Kings of Past Dynasties and Walking Map. Wu Daozi's painting skills are superb, and later people called him "the sage of painting". The characters in his works are well dressed and called "painting saints".
6. Who are the characters in the seventh grade history book 1 1 to 13? History: Chinese words have three meanings:
1. It is a discipline to record and explain a series of historical events as human progress.
2. Evolution and origin.
3. Past facts.
History, for short, refers to the history of human society. It is a discipline that records and explains a series of historical events in the process of human activities, and it is also a mapping of the present era in many cases. If it is only summary and mapping, then history as an existence should disappear. The problem of history is to discover the real past constantly, to speak with materials, and how people can become a negotiable problem in reality. [1] History is an extension. History is the inheritance, accumulation and expansion of culture and the track of human civilization.
7. Lesson 13 History Filling Atlas Volume 1 Grade 7 First, the water conservancy project built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Dong Hanming twice to harness the Yellow River on a large scale, and the continuous improvement of agricultural tools and Niu Geng technology generally includes the plow wall (it should be clear that its function is to break the soil, which is nearly a thousand years earlier than that in Europe), the invention of the plow and the farming method of lifting poles with two cows; Agriculture has been vigorously developed and prospered, and grain output has increased; The appearance of Niu Geng in the Western Han Dynasty and Coach is a true reflection of this phenomenon.
Second, the vigorous development of agriculture will inevitably lead to the development of handicraft industry. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, great progress was made in planting Sang Ma in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, to the north of Yishui and Surabaya, "Sang Ma should have five grains and six livestock" and "Sang Ma should gather mountains and seas, with fertile soil for thousands of miles". Therefore, the cultivation of Sang Ma in Qi and Lu areas is particularly common: "Zou, Lu, Si ... have quite a horse industry" and "Qilu has a thousand acres of horses".
Linzi and Xiangyi are the most famous silk producing areas in the Han Dynasty, with the appearance of spinning wheels and advanced looms with well-structured jacquard devices, silk products with light and light patterns such as (hú), Luo and Sha were produced, and plain yarn (dān) clothes unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb fully reflected the superb level of silk weaving technology in the Western Han Dynasty. With the development of iron smelting technology, tables now use coal as fuel, and Du invented drainage.
This invention is earlier than Europe 1000 years, and it is also the earliest technology in the world. 2. Iron is more widely used. In addition to making production tools, it is also widely used to make other utensils, including daily utensils and weapons. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, iron weapons had completely replaced bronze weapons.
8.20 13 people's education publishing house seventh grade history textbook or directory /czls/js/tbjx/dzkb/7x/ This is the address list of electronic textbooks: Unit 1 Prosperous and Open Society 1 Lesson 2 "The Rule of Zhenguan" Lesson 3 "Kaiyuan Shengshi" Lesson 4 The Establishment of Imperial Examination System Lesson 6 Friendly Exchanges with Foreign Countries Lesson 7 Splendid Sui and Tang CultureLesson 8 Splendid Sui and Tang Cultures (II) Activities A short historical play-Princess Wencheng entered Tibet Unit 2 The economic center of gravity moved southward and the development of multi-ethnic regimes coexisted. The economic center of gravity moved southward. The social outlook of the colorful Song Dynasty and the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty (I) Splendid Culture of Song and Yuan Dynasties (II) Activities Riverside Map Consolidating a Unified Multi-ethnic Country and Social Crisis Strengthening the Chinese and Foreign Exchanges and Conflicts of Monarchical Power in Ming Dynasty Strengthening the Monarchical Centralization and Fighting against Russia Lesson 19: Consolidating a Multi-ethnic Country Lesson 20: Economic Development and "Closed Door" in Ming and Qing Dynasties Lesson 2 1 Lesson 1: Ming and Qing Cultures with Distinctive Characteristics of the Times Lesson 22: Ming and Qing culture with distinctive characteristics of the times (II) Activities Lesson 3: Historical knowledge contest Lesson 4: Designing a schematic diagram of historical knowledge Appendix 2: China Chronology Appendix 3: Postscript for recommending good books and historical learning websites.