Wu: Zhang, He, Zhang Xu, Bao Rong.
Four outstanding people in Wuzhong: Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben.
Four gifted scholars in Wuzhong: Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming and (zhou wenbin).
There is no "Wuzhong No.4 School".
1, Wu: Zhang, He, Zhang Xu, Bao Rong.
In Tang poetry, there are many schools according to the content and style of poetry, such as frontier poetry, landscape poetry and pastoral poetry. Four scholars in Wu Zhong are four poets in the same period in the same region. They are all from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
In ancient times, this area belonged to, He, Hui Ji Yong Xing (now Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province). Zhang Xu, a native of Suzhou Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu); Zhang, a native of Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu); Bao Rong was born in Yanling, Runzhou (now Danyang City, Jiangsu Province). Therefore, the four were called "Four Scholars of Wu Zhong" by later generations. Their poems are fresh and graceful, each with its own style. Except Bao Rong, all famous poems are handed down from generation to generation.
2. Four outstanding people in Wuzhong: Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben.
In the early Ming Dynasty, poets Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben were called together. Because all four of them are from Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), and they are all famous for their literary works. From Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty, most of these four poets recalled the past and wrote poems to express their homesickness and people's sufferings.
3. Four gifted scholars in Wuzhong: Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming and (zhou wenbin).
During Chenghua and Zhengde years in Ming Dynasty, Xu Zhenqing and others were called "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong". The History of Ming Dynasty (Volume 286): "Xu Zhenqing is as famous as Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin and Wen Zhiming, and he is also known as four talents in Wuzhong." Xu, Zhu, Tang, Wen, etc. were active when imitating the first seven philosophers and the retro style prevailed. At that time, they were able to stand on their own feet and express their temperament as the first meaning of poetry, which was really commendable.
Although Xu Zhenqing ranks among the top seven, his poems are excellent, and his poetics has many unique features. Critics think that Li Mengyang and He Jingming are not comparable. Tang Yin, Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhiming are not only good at poetry, but also good at calligraphy and painting, so they are famous for their versatility.
Extended data:
Wuzhong Sijie Gao Qi
1, personal data
Gao Qi (1336- 1373) was a famous poet in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Han nationality, born in Pingjiang Road (Suzhou House in Ming Dynasty), Changzhou County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province); Together with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben, they are called "Four Masters of Wuzhong". At that time, theorists compared them to "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" and equated them with Wang Xing as "ten friends in the north".
Hong recommended to participate in the revision of Yuan history, awarded imperial academy the official position of compiling national history, and was appointed as the king of teaching. Assistant to the right minister of the Ministry of Finance. Wei Guan, the Suzhou magistrate, was convicted and punished for changing politics in the former site of Zhang Shicheng Palace. Gao Qi once wrote "On Liang Wen" for him, and the word "Long Pan Hu Ju" was suspected of praising Zhang Shicheng, and he even sat on the ground and beheaded him. There are The Complete Works of Gaotai Normal University and Fu Zao Ji.
2. Literary achievements
In terms of literature, Gao Qi can be said to be a genius and "super imitation show" in the literary world. To learn what is what, in Ji Xiaolan's words, is "there is something in poetry, something in the Han and Wei Dynasties, something in the Six Dynasties, something in Tang Tang, something in Song Like, and something in ancient and modern times."
And Gao Qi's imitation is by no means a mere formality and representation, let alone a simple copy and deletion. Instead, he learned from the ancient times and thought that he should "learn from others, imitate others, integrate with the times, and form his own family, so as to be generous and avoid the disadvantages of his husband's paranoia" (Preface to the Lonely Temple Collection).
Gao Qi's greatest achievement in literature was that he independently shouldered the burden of developing poetry under the unfavorable environment that romantic novels and operas were the mainstream culture in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, which changed the flashy poetic style since the end of Yuan Dynasty and promoted the continuous development of poetry. But he died young and never achieved his goal of becoming a family.
Gao Qi has a gift for poetry, and his poems are fresh and extraordinary, bold and heroic, and he is especially good at seven-character songs. His poetry system is different and his styles are diverse, and there are traces of imitation in learning various styles of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. But he is brilliant, gentle and has many excellent poems. He is one of the best poets in the Ming Dynasty.
In his youth, Gao Qi wrote a famous poem, which was called "four outstanding people in Wuzhong" with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben. His literary thought advocates learning from Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, and getting married after learning from ancient times. He believes that it is necessary to "learn from others' strengths, simulate with events, and keep pace with the times to avoid the disadvantages of husband's paranoia" (Preface to Duan Ji).
But he died young and never achieved his goal of becoming a family. His poetry system is different and his styles are diverse, and there are traces of imitation in learning the styles of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. But he is brilliant, gentle and has many excellent poems. He is one of the best poets in the Ming Dynasty.
Gao Qi has only been an official for three years and has lived in the village for a long time, so there are some descriptions of farmers' working life in his poems, such as herding cattle, fishing, sericulture, shooting ducks, logging, threshing wheat, picking tea, Tian Jiaxing and watching mowing grass. These poems do not idealize rural life, but reflect class exploitation and people's sufferings to some extent.
For example, "Huzhou Song sent Chen Taishou" wrote: "The grass is vast and the water is gurgling. Go to Tian Wu, go to the next field, and Nakata has a cow's tail, which is not enough to lose official business. Hou Laisong shook his head and listened to Nong try to sing Huzhou songs. Huzhou song, quietly ended, a few sad months. "
Other poems, such as "Training the Old to Hide Farmers", "Crossing the Fengkou Battlefield", "Smelling spearmen leaving Yuecheng at night to invest in mountain niches" and "Dashui", also describe the sufferings of farmers and soldiers under natural and man-made disasters. These works are the essence of Gao Qi's poetry.
Nine times out of ten, Gao Qi's poems are written by individuals to express their feelings, travel around and reward their friends. This kind of poetry is sometimes slightly ironic to the ruling class. For example, the seven clouds in the five ancient "Feeling" said: "The road is straight, and the end of the road is dangerous. A glass of wine is out of the lungs and liver, and it is doubtful for a moment. Tian Fen ranked Dou Ying, and Zhao Gao falsely accused Reese. Dumping a large number of fakes, the right to spoil the real disaster base. " Exposed the internal contradictions of the ruling class.
Another example is the third chapter of "Three Chapters of Taibai" after he became an official: "The master of Xinfeng is not careless, and the slave also has the bone to seal the Hou." In fact, it is a mockery of the nouveau riche in the Ming Dynasty. However, Gao Qi's thought is more complicated, and he also wrote many poems that thanked the emperor and lived in seclusion, which failed to get rid of his own class limitations.
Gao Qi's poems have certain artistic features. First of all, some of his poems advocate realism and describe the scenery in detail. Such as "Jiang Huanglian Zhu fog, wild white full of Tian Bing"; "Birds peck dead poplars, while insects lightly hang leaves"; The words "a dog marries a spring girl, and a chicken is called a plowman" all come from the true feelings of life, which are novel and realistic.
Secondly, pay attention to implication and have a long lasting appeal. For example, "Ditching Ballad": "The ditch is deep, and there are ten searches; This ditch is very wide, 80 feet. It's not hard to dig canals, and the Yellow River has opened more than 1000 feet. I can't see you, Jia Shangshu. " In just a few words, it came to an abrupt end, giving people a profound aftertaste. Thirdly, there are not many allusions, trying to be fluent, and some small poems with only a few sentences are more folk songs.
For example, the song "Four o'clock at Midnight" (Part II) says: "You can't wear red makeup, and you can go out to Nanhu Road in the evening. I can't bear to return to the ship, and the lotus is like A Lang. " Comprehended as words, it is kind and touching. The creation of these poems is related to being close to the lower class when living in other places. Gao Qi's poetry has a wide influence on the poetry of Ming Dynasty, so that some people regard him as the "crown of poets in Ming Dynasty".
Gao Qi also wrote lyrics, mostly dull and gloomy, not as good as his poems.
His prose is not original, but the story of Shubo Chicken is very brilliant. With concise language, touching plot and legendary Tang Dynasty style, he created a brave image who dared to fight against the gentry.
In view of Gao Qi's great contribution to poetry, not only later generations honored him as "the first poet in the early Ming Dynasty", but also poetry critics of past dynasties gave him high praise.
Ji Xiaolan, the "first gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty", praised Gao Qi in the Summary of Siku Quanshu, saying that "genius is superior to poets in Ming Dynasty, and his poems are similar to those of Han Wei, Six Dynasties, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, and the ancients have both their strengths.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the habit of fiber farming returned to the right, which was effective and powerful. Zhao Yi, a poet in A Qing, praised him as "the first founding poet in Ming Dynasty" in "Poems on Oubei". Chairman Mao, a great man, simply called Gao Qi "the greatest poet of Ming Dynasty" in his calligraphy works.
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