Last time, I talked about how many names a person will have, including spectrum name and nickname. Nicknames are for family use, so they are not suitable in society.
We know that "last name is the reason why you don't rank", in fact, first name also indicates identity. Bao, an old writer born in the late Qing Dynasty, said in Memoirs of a Studio: "A name must have a number. It has been a common practice of the upper and middle classes in China since ancient times. " As for those who fell, they were not only nameless, but also nameless, so they called them "Ada Al, A San A Si", which is a fact. The leap soil, seven Jin, nine Jin, A Q and Xiao D in Lu Xun's novels are all like this. Without a formal name, it will certainly affect their social activities throughout their lives.
Families with higher education and better economic conditions attach great importance to giving their children a good social reputation.
"Yili" biography: "The son was born in March, and the father named him." Why three months? One is to look at the child's nature, and the other is to have enough time to think and be quite cautious.
The child's name, his real name, is given by the father, and sometimes grandpa or other elders will participate. If the child has another name in the future, this real name is his real name.
Yan Zhenqing wrote "Inscription of Mr. Zhang Xuanzhenzi Youzi": "Xuanzhenzi, surnamed Zhang, was born in Jinhua, Dongyang." Look at the complexity of this person's name. There are already three names in the title: Mr. Youzi, Xuanzhenzi and Zhang. In Yan Zhenqing's article, his real name is Zhang Guiling. "He Zhi" was the name given to him by the emperor, and that's what Mr. Wanderer called it. Xuanzhenzi originally wrote a book name, but later it became his nickname. In fact, he also has a nickname called smoker. He was a friend of Yan Zhenqing, and Yan Zhenqing died of drunkenness and drowning in his early forties, so Yan Zhenqing wrote an inscription for him. The inscription must state his real name. No matter how many names you have, your real name is the most important. Your real name is on the ID card. Even if you apply for a name change, your real name is still in your file.
Let me give some examples of modern celebrities. Chiang Kai-shek's real name is Jiang Ruiyuan, which was named by his grandfather Si Qian Chiang, and all his closest relatives call it that. Several writers, such as Lu Xun, whose real name is Zhou Shuren and posthumous title Zhang Shou. Guo Moruo, whose real name is Guo Kaizhen. Mao Dun, whose real name is Shen Dehong. He is the Minister of Culture. Historian Qian Mu, whose real name is Qian Sizhen. The word raccoon is seldom used. Jade piece and gold department: "raccoon, bell"
Can I change my name? Yes, you can. There are several ways to change the name: first, the teacher gives the students another name at school, that is, the scientific name. Teachers often think that students' real names are not good enough, which hinders their future development, so they cite classics and give another name.
Chiang Kai-shek's real name was Jiang Ruiyuan and his scientific name was changed to Jiang Zhiqing. Jiang Jingguo, scientific name is Jiang Jianfeng. Of course, the scientific name is related to the teacher's knowledge. In the past, when children were studying, they worshipped Confucius on the first day and then the teacher, who gave them a scientific name. Since then, they have used it at school. Many people use their scientific names to be officials all their lives.
There are also cases of renaming due to the trend of the times. Mr. Qian Mu said in the book "Parents' Eighty Memories": "My first brother was originally named Dean, and the others were originally named Si Xun." 19 12 In the spring, my first brother was renamed Zhi, and the others were renamed Mu. "Obviously, this is because the Revolution of 1911, 19 12 was the first year of the Republic of China, so a large number of people changed their names and became a trend. During the Cultural Revolution, many people changed their names to "Red Guards", "Cultural Revolution" and so on.
Bao, a writer, was born in the second year of Guangxu. He said: "By the time I was twenty or twenty-three, I read the new book, and gradually I had a little novelty and a sense of nationality. It feels like aliens are ruling us now, and the voice of racial revolution is calling for our youth. At that time, I thought my name' Zhu Qing' was inappropriate. My friend asked me what these two words meant and whether I really wanted to be a pillar of the royal family. I was ashamed, so I decided to change my name. "
"Zhu Qing" sounds loyal and clear, but in fact, in his real name, "Qing" is a genealogical ranking, and "Zhu" is due to the lack of wood in eight characters. Under the control of revolutionary thought, he changed his name to Bao Gongyi and took Bao Xiao Tian as his pen name. This brother Qian Mu changed his name with the same plot and motivation.
The calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty had a nephew named Lu, who joined the cabinet twice as prime minister.
It is a bit strange that Lu has three sons, Xiang Xian and He. The last two sons have a word "Jing" in their names. Why is there no "Jing" in Lu Xiangxian's name?
"The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Lu Zhuan" said: "The first image is the first famous scene, and it is said:' A child can be constructed, which is called a fairy. "It's a name." It turns out that there is also a word "Jing" in Lu Xiangxian's real name, called "Jingchu". The reason why he changed his name to "Xiang Xian" is only because Tang Ruizong praised him as an ancestor. This is the same as what Zhang Guiling just mentioned. It was the will of the emperor, so it was changed.
There is also a situation where the names of ancient elders cannot be called out, which is called taboo names.
If there is a new emperor with the same name as you, you have to change it. There are many such examples.
At that time, Wang Xizhi and Sima Yue of the Eastern Jin Dynasty acceded to the throne, and they were emperors of Jin Kang. This is the satrap of Xiyang, so the corps commander Deng Yue had to be renamed Deng Yue. Later, I felt that the pronunciation was still the same, so I simply changed it to Deng Dai.
1908, the last son emperor Puyi ascended the throne. Tang, the former governor of Fengtian, couldn't sit still and quickly changed his name to Tang. After the Revolution of 1911, he became the Prime Minister of the Republic of China and changed his name. This is the old rule, there is no way.
2.2 words
Now, when we talk about names, we only mention the names of people. In ancient times, "name" and "word" were separated and had completely different meanings. Yan Jiaxun: "The ancients used proper names and words to show virtue." "Table" means to show, express, praise and show a person's inner moral quality. Chinese characters originated in Shang Dynasty and prevailed in Zhou Dynasty. Later, a system was formed, and it was not until the Republic of China that characters were widely used.
When a person is born, he has a "name" in three months. But "word" is only available after adulthood. Being an adult means you can get married, but now you can get married. "Book of Rites" says: "Twenty people are crowned with words; The woman promised to marry, and the word "fu" was used by the ancients to tie his wife. The word "Fu" comes from bamboo. I think the earliest symbol should be made of bamboo. Later, there were all kinds of gold, silver, copper and jade, which became more and more exquisite. When the ancients were young, their hair drooped, which was called drooping.
After marriage, the hairstyle is changed to upward hair, and then it needs to be fixed with a quilt. Men begin to wear crowns as adults, and they also need to be fixed with quilts to prevent them from falling. Men's first crown is called "weak crown", and women's marriage at the age of fifteen is called "harmony"
The adoption ceremony is a solemn ceremony. The steps of this project are very complicated. You can check it yourself. This is a photo of the bar mitzvah held in Hong Kong in 2006.
There are also adult ceremonies in many places in mainland China, such as Japan and South Korea. Mainly through this ceremony, young people feel the responsibility of adulthood.
There are two main contents of the rite of passage: one is to change the style of Qihe kimono as a child and put on adult clothes. The second is that elders should choose words according to their children's personality. From this day on, everyone will address him in words. Japan now stipulates that the second Monday of each month is the "adult's day" for people over 20 years old. This day is a national holiday. Seeing such a dress, girls over 20 will go to the bar mitzvah.
The boy will be crowned and issued with an adult certificate. Now Chinese mainland has designed several different kinds of dental crowns. After all, the crown gift came from China.
In short:
There are two stages in life: adolescence and adulthood.
As we all know, the legal status of minors and adults is different. When will they be adults? The Book of Rites says that men are twenty years old and women are fifteen years earlier. But if a woman has never been married, she should give a word at the age of twenty.
Minors have names, and elders call them.
Adults add a word, others call a word to show respect.
Therefore, it is more important for a person to formally enter adulthood than graduation, marriage and the first day of work. Nowadays, people celebrate birthdays, marriages and graduations, but they don't celebrate adulthood. Most people don't have "Chinese characters" or adult certificates. No wonder they don't grow up.
"Book of Rites" said: at the age of 20, being a father has a good way, and friends and others can't call them by their first names. In other words, when you are an adult, you can get married, start a family and be a parent. It is a great responsibility for you to change from a junior to a senior. Therefore, the word "Zi" is the dividing line between honor and inferiority.
Words can be ranked first, and the common ones are eldest, second, third and fourth. Such as Confucius' famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. You can tell at a glance that he ranks second. Confucius' brother is called Meng Pi, and "Meng" and "Bo" both mean eldest. However, White Tiger Tongming says that "a first-class official is called Bo, and the second-class official is called Meng", and that "a first-class official" was born to his wife and "a second-class official" was born to his concubine, so it can be known that Meng Pi was born to the concubine of Confucius' father.
Take several famous figures in modern times as examples, such as Sun Yat-sen and the core tablet of imperial life. Huang Xing, the core monument of his life, Huang Zhen, has a strong word. Jiang Zhongzheng's scientific name is educated youth, a stone. Mao Zedong, the word Runzhi. According to the old man of China Resources Company, the largest state-owned enterprise in Hong Kong, the company was named after "China" and "Runzhi". Zhou Enlai word Yu Xiang. These people are very close to our generation and have something to say.
Finally, what is "word for word"? We know that when a person is famous, he is born with a name. Of course, his elders call him this way, including parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts, and teachers. When I was an adult, I had a word, and everyone changed my name to his word. Some elders may not change their words because they are used to addressing, but as this person grows older, their elders die slowly, and fewer and fewer people in the world are qualified to call them by their first names. Slowly, everyone didn't even know what his real name was, and everyone just called him by his word, so it became a word in the world.
For example: Qu Yuan, Ming Ping, characters. Xiang Yu, name, word feather. His name is Yin, and he is Bo Laker. Wen Zhiming, a famous jade, has a distinct personality. Wu Changshuo is handsome and has a strong personality. The older you get, the less people call him by his real name. This is the word line.
I met a new friend before and asked about the surname and inscription. For example, in chapter 10 of the Scholars, "the third son said,' What's your name, sir?' "This man's surname is Chen," said the Taoist. "He has always been a vagrant in the capital. "
Use "your surname" and "your surname" when asking the surname, and use "Wisdom Fofo Agbo" when asking the words. Don't ask the name directly. What do you want?
At that time, from Ruijin to Yan 'an, revolutionary leaders still praised each other, such as Mao Zedong's "Runzhi" and Zhu De's "Yujie", and so on. But in these decades, China people have lost their language and their respect for each other.
China's tradition is disappearing, and small daily events reflect big problems. I saw on the news that there are now more than 400,000 people in China called "National Day". The Ministry of Public Security has a document encouraging parents to use two surnames, father surnamed Zhang, mother surnamed Li and children surnamed Li. Z. This reduces the number of people with the same name and surname. In fact, the tradition of Chinese characters should be restored, which is rare in the history of homophones.
Go on to the next lesson. Thank you.
Key points of this section:
What are the real and scientific names?
The meaning of "taboo".
"Words show virtue" and "deeds have words".
Thinking back:
Deng, a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, whose real name was Yan, why did he change his name to one word after Jiaqing, and the other word was stubborn?
Bao Chen Shi said that in order to learn calligraphy, he visited his teachers and friends.
"Autumn is here, money is here in Wuyang Lake",
"Remember, I traveled with Yang to Yangzhou all my life",
"Soldiers Qiu Zi, Meet Wujin Green Zhu Ang",
Wujiang doesn't know Wu Yushan's son.
What are the names and words of these four people? Why did you write this when this character first appeared in the article?