Spelling mistakes: "Weng Tonghe" and "Weng Sutong"
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction of Weng Tonghe
Weng Tonghe (1830~ 1904) was born in Changshu, Jiangsu. Calligrapher of Qing Dynasty. The word Shu Ping, named Song Chan, is different from Zhai Jun, Life, Song Chan, Pinglu laity, and American laity. , and it is different from the field to put people and peaceful night laity. Xianfeng six years (1856) Jinshi. Officially co-sponsored college students, the Minister of Housing, and participated in the maintenance. 1898 Guangxu coup, dismissed from office to Li. China is a famous politician and calligraphy artist in modern history. Chasing Wen Gong after death. Learn from Han and Song Dynasties, be literate in Tongcheng, and have poems near Jiangxi. Calligraphy is vigorous and bone-opening. Young students learn from Europe and Chu, while middle-aged students concentrate on Yan Zhenqing, especially Suzhou and rice. He writes poetry and occasionally paints, especially calligraphy. Immersed in Han Li in his later years, he was the first among his peers and writers. Calligraphers at that time admired his calligraphy attainments. Mr. Sha Menghai pointed out in the article "Three Hundred Years of Calligraphy": "He was born at the latest, so he was able to learn from others, especially Qian Feng's method, and sometimes mixed with the style of the northern tablet school. Get through Yan Yan and the North Monument. This is the characteristic of Weng Tonghe. " He is the author of Poems in the Bottle House and Diary of Weng Wengong Gong Gong. There are many books handed down from ancient times. Fan Facing Huashan Monument was written in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1896). Paper and ink, official script 3 lines, ***8 words, inscription 10 lines, ***46 words. His calligraphy is best at regular script and running script. It occupies an important position in the book circle of Qing dynasty and has a high evaluation. This fan has three styles: Li, Xing and Kai. Although the inscriptions and inscriptions are small, they occupy more than half of the space, and the overall layout is both sparse and refined, which is very appropriate. The fan-shaped writing is an 8-character official script, which shows its profound official script skills. Tie a knot with a pen and obey the ancient law. Postscript running script, 8 lines and 37 words, old and powerful, heavy and bookish. The inscription is in regular script, which has a great flavor of North Monument. Tsui Hark's "Clearing Banknotes" said: "In his later years, his achievements were far away from the Western Qin Dynasty and above the South Garden. It is not an exaggeration to say that Liu Shi 'an, a calligrapher of the Chinese Dynasty. "
[Edit this paragraph] Weng Tonghe's life
On April 27th, the 10th year of Daoguang (1830 May 19), Weng Tonghe was born in luoquan Hutong Apartment, Shima Street, Beijing. When I was four years old, my grandmother Mrs. Zhang and my mother Xu returned to my hometown Changshu from Beijing. Weng Tonghe studied hard since childhood, read through the four books and five classics, and was admitted to Changshu Xueyou College of Literature with excellent results. In the twenty-five years of Daoguang (1845), he was admitted to the academy and was admitted to the Jinshi; Xianfeng two years (1852) Shuntian township examination should be recommended; In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), he won the first prize in the palace examination.
1857, he was awarded writing and work in the academician courtyard. Later, he was promoted to be the deputy examiner of the provincial examination by Emperor Xianfeng, and tried Shaanxi and Shanxi successively. In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Weng Tonghe was ordered to go to Hongde Hall and be awarded Tongzhi Emperor. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), he was ordered to walk in Yuqing Palace and taught Emperor Guangxu for more than twenty years. Weng Tonghe is knowledgeable. In addition to teaching Confucian compulsory books such as the Four Books and Five Classics, he also specially arranged many books on Chinese and foreign history, science and technology and early reformism. He paid equal attention to new learning and old learning, combined western learning with middle school, and followed suit, guiding Emperor Guangxu to care about real politics, pay attention to the general trend at home and abroad, eliminate accumulated disadvantages and vigorously strengthen discipline. Weng Tonghe infiltrated his practical education thought into his political and teaching activities, which played an indelible role in the development of modern education and was called the first mentor of modern education. Weng Tonghe's education expanded Guangxu's knowledge field and laid an ideological foundation for launching the Reform Movement in the future.
Weng Tonghe handled many cases during his tenure as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Justice. Among them, the most influential one was that he rehabilitated the unjust case of Chinese cabbage in Yang Naiwu, which was a sensation throughout the country at that time and became a household name for more than a hundred years.
The Ministry of War is the highest decision-making body of the Qing Dynasty since Yongzheng. Weng Tonghe joined the army for the first time, from November of the eighth year of Guangxu (1882) to March of the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), during the Sino-French War. The second time was from June in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894) to April in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), which coincided with the Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898. He participated in the decision-making of the main battle between France and Japan. In his attitude towards the invaders, he fought resolutely with the pacifists, which fully reflected his patriotism.
The fiasco of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 directly triggered the Reform Movement of 1898, which was an unprecedented profound change in China's modern social and political history. Weng Tonghe followed the historical development trend and recommended Kang Youwei and other progressives to Emperor Guangxu. Kang Youwei was praised as "the first mentor of China's reform". He advocated the reform, drafted and published the programmatic document of the Reform Movement of 1898, which opened the prelude of the Reform Movement of 1898. Weng Tonghe was vacant and returned to China because he violated the interests of the die-hards headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi still held a grudge and ordered Weng Tonghe to be dismissed and never used again, and handed over to local officials for strict control. The 70-year-old man stood at the forefront of the times for the survival of the country and the nation with his prominent position as an important official and senior official of the Qing court, so he was recorded in history.
In the 24th year of Guangxu (1June, 898 15), Weng Tonghe was driven out of Beijing by Cixi. Back to my hometown of Changshu, I started a semi-secluded life in front of the tomb of Lu. In the days when he was trapped in Yushan and unhappy, many of his proteges "shared their salaries and gifts equally". 1On July 4th, 904, Weng Tonghe, who suffered a lot in the changeable situation, passed away full of depression and sadness. On his deathbed, he said, "For sixty years, I was so sad that I couldn't close my coffin. Don't shed two lines of tears, just wave at you. " In just four sentences, the story tells the ups and downs and infinite sadness of Song Wei's Zen career.
[Edit this paragraph] Weng Tonghe's painting and calligraphy
Weng Tonghe wrote poems and occasionally painted, especially his calligraphy works. The draft of Qing history? The Biography of Weng Tonghe praised Weng Tonghe's calligraphy as "unique and unparalleled in the world". Xu Ke's "Clearing Banknotes" in Qing Dynasty says: "Shu Ping's Guo Xiang calligraphy is eclectic, and she is a person after the Gan family ... her achievements in her later years far exceed those of Western Qin (Weng Fanggang) and Nanyuan (Qian Feng). Liu Shi 'an (Liu Yong), a calligrapher of Chinese dynasties, is unparalleled. After the Reform Movement of 1898 in Guangxu, I lived a quiet life. I had no intention of seeking a job, but I was even more detached. "Yang Shoujing in Qing Dynasty praised this great calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty:" Yan Pingyuan (Yan Zhenqing), the oldest Zen scholar in Song Dynasty, has no elegant pen. Tongzhi and Guangxu are the first, but they are not fake. " Tan spoke highly of Weng Zi: "The famous people in this dynasty were just (Yan Zhenqing) and, Nanyuan (Ganfeng), Daozhou (He) and Changshu (Weng Tonghe) riding on the plain. "Tan and his brother once carved Weng's Mo Bao in Chuncaoxuan.
Weng Tonghe studied Europe, Liu and Zhao in his early years, and his calligraphy advocated thinness. Middle-aged transfer to Yan Ti, learn from it, and study Su Shi and Mi Fei at the same time to make a new book; In his later years, he benefited from the North Monument and saw the spirit in the plain. He learned from others, absorbed the strengths of Liu Yong, Qian Feng and He, and absorbed the softness and fluency of Dong Qichang. He learned the essence of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy and wrote his own calligraphy works, which formed a unique style of Weng Zi's calligraphy and became an influential calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] Weng Tonghe's book collection
Weng Tonghe has been an official in Beijing for more than 40 years. He likes collecting books all his life. He often went to Liulichang when he lived in the official courtyard and bought many good books one after another. Among them, Qianlong Jinshi and Peng, the teacher of Emperor Jiaqing, collected the books "Zhi Sheng Dao Zhai". After the death of Prince Yi, they were scattered in the old collection of the government Leshan Hall, among which there were many rare rare rare books in China. During the war in the late Qing Dynasty, many public and private books were scattered, and most of Weng's existing books were purchased at this time. Its collection of cheats is considered by academic circles as "a rare book with high academic value that scholars look up to but don't know whether it exists. According to domestic standards, it should be an important cultural relic of national treasure, and it is a rare book that is not available in libraries at home and abroad, including the National Library of China". Weng Tonghe has a rich library; Poetry is concise and dignified; Calligraphy is ups and downs, running through the back of the paper, with the style of Yan Zhenqing. His posthumous works include Poems in a Bottle, Manuscripts in a Bottle, and Diary of Weng Wengong.
[Edit this paragraph] Weng Tonghe's former residence
▌ Introduction before residence▌
Bird's-eye view of Weng Tonghe's former residence, also known as "Weng Tonghe Memorial Hall"
Weng Tonghe Memorial Hall is located in Wengjia Lane, Changshu Ancient City. It was rebuilt from Weng's former residence and officially opened to the public on 199 1+0 1.
Weng Tonghe's former residence is a well-preserved bureaucratic residence with typical Jiangnan architectural style, where Weng Tonghe spent his adolescence. 1990, Mr. Weng Xingqing (Wan Ge), the great grandson of Chinese American Weng Tonghe, devoted his career to the country. The main building "Caiyitang" was announced by the State Council in 1996 as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
The exhibition contents of Weng Tonghe Memorial Hall mainly include: Weng Tonghe's life story; Weng Tonghe's cultural relics and calligraphy; Weng Tonghe's main works and papers and materials about Weng Tonghe at home and abroad. At the same time, it is supplemented by Qing Dynasty mahogany furniture that reflects the original appearance of history, so that visitors have an immersive feeling.
▌spots▌ Landscape list
long-tailed pheasant
Zhi Zhi Zhai is a place where hosts meet guests and friends. There are books upstairs and poems, papers, books and paintings downstairs.
[Yulanxuan]
For the living room, also known as the flower room, because there are magnolia trees in the courtyard, it is named "Yulanxuan".
Jinyang bookstore
Located in the central axis on the west side of Caiyitang, it is where Weng Tonghe studied.
Bai guxuan
The seventh entrance is behind the Si Yong Temple. There is an ancient cypress in the imperial court, hence the name Xuan, also known as "Baiyuan". During Tongzhi period, it was Weng Tonghe's residence. In the early years of Guangxu, Weng Tonghe's second sister Weng Duanen lived here when she returned to her hometown. Later, Weng Tonghe lived with his grandson Weng Sun An and his nephew Weng Sun Bin for a period of time.
[Shuang Guixuan]
Weng Xincun and Weng Shu Tong. Weng Zengyuan, the son of Weng, once lived here. In the early years of Tongzhi, the name of Westinghouse, Weng's ancestral hall, was moved here. Weng Tonghe often came here to rest after returning to China in his later years.
[backyard building]
Behind the main hall, the colorful clothes hall is divided into two floors, which used to be the residence of Weng Hougong. Downstairs is now a room dedicated to introducing Weng Tonghe's life story, while upstairs is Weng's calligraphy art exhibition place.
Brick carving gatehouse
Brick-carved hanging flower gate architecture in Qing Dynasty. The words "with a long history" are engraved on it, and groups of brick carvings are paved below, such as "Farewell to the senior high school entrance examination" and "Returning home with clothes". Carve? Beautiful appearance? Add elegance to the building.
[Edit this paragraph] Weng Tonghe's Tomb
Weng Tonghe's tomb is located at the foot of Yuge Peak in Yushan, about 7 kilometers west of Weng Tonghe's tomb in the urban area, adjacent to his father Weng Xincun's tomb. There are Luocheng, Tomb, Baitai and Tomb Road, and a lime stone tablet stands behind the tomb, with a height of 132? 5 cm, 48 cm wide, 10 thick? 5 cm, engraved with "One Fragrance and Three Points", "Huang Qing awarded Dr. Guanglu a special honor, Wengong assisted his great-grandfather Kao Shu, his great-grandfather Mrs. Yipintang and his great-grandmother Lu Tomb" and "Great-grandson Weng was loyal and respectful." After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it has been repaired many times. Today, its tomb faces south, and the tomb road twists and turns south, about 65 meters long. Cross the piedmont highway frame 1984, rebuild the single-room soaring granite square, and engrave "Weng's New Bridge". The cypress trees in Qiao Song around the Tomb City are very beautiful and the scenery is very good. There is Weng's ancestral temple on the south side of the highway around the mountain (see Weng's Military Society for details). 1982 was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in March.