"tong" is a common word in ancient Chinese. Due to flexible use, extension and borrowing, there are many meanings, which are listed as follows:
Tongtó ng
(1) (knowing). From the mouth. Mao, repeat. Original meaning: gathering)
(2) Same as the original meaning [converge]
Same, it will also be combined. -Shuo Wen
has the same weight and body. -"Mozi Jing Shang"
people are close to each other. -"Yi Zagua"
Six words are the same clothes. -"Zhou Li Da Situ"
(3) Another example is: Yun Tong (clouds gather); The same day (* * * exists in the world); Conform (make consistent; Integration); The same stream (the confluence of the waters)
(4) the same, the same, * * the same (focusing on the same, the same) [be the same as]
people who work together must be examined. -"Everything is done in the forest"
Birds and beasts cannot be in the same group. -"The Analects of Confucius"
Who is the giver? -Song Zhou Dunyi's "Ailian Shuo"
is the same as truth. -Qing Xue Fucheng's oil painting in Paris
is the same as fantasy.
(5) Another example is: concerted efforts (concerted efforts); Integration of the same work (the same merit status); With the same number (the same title; The operation symbols are the same); Compassion (the same indignation); Synonymy (righteousness or morality are the same); Homonyms (words with the same meaning); Homologous words (same or similar in sound and meaning)
(6) participation; Do sth together [participate in; Share]
a sergeant is confused if he is in charge of the three armed forces without knowing about them. -
(7) Sun Tzu's plot to attack. Another example is: raising together (recommending together); Fun (entertainment together); Symbiosis (living together); Take a break (share happiness); With the pillow (* * * pillow and lie down); Share the benefits (* * * enjoy the benefits); In the same car (in the same car); Roommates (living in the same room)
(8) ***, * * an [in mon]
The one who wants the same thing up and down wins. -"Sun Tzu seeks politics"
Common customs have the same disease. -Qing Liu Kai's "Ask and Say"
Gentlemen of the same society. -Ming Zhang Pu's "The Monument to the Tomb of Five"
takes the same surname as my queen. -Qing Quan Zuwang's "The Plum Blossom Ridge"
(9) Another example is: the same blessing (the same blessing)
(1) Qi Yi; Unified [uniform; unified; Unitary]
You know everything is empty when you die, but you can't see Kyushu with sorrow. -song Lu you's
part-of-speech changes
◎ same as tó ng
(1) * * *. Go to a place [together; Jointly]
I have been with you for twelve years. -
Poems of Mulan in Yuefu, we two officials going opposite ways. -Tang Wangbo's Du Shaofu's Ren Shuzhou
Less students. -Ming Wei Xi's biography of the great iron vertebra
both sleep together.
(2) Another example is: participation (* * * participation); The same (with the sun shining); The same prize (* * * with auxiliary); Celebrate together (* * * celebrate together); Advance together (together); Raise together (recommend together); Come and go together; Eat and live together; Stay together; Traveling together
◎ with tó ng
< name >
(1) One of the six rituals of China ancient governors to meet the emperor. Every twelve years, the governors came together to meet the son of heaven and called "tong"
to pay tribute to this China. -Wang Anshi's
(2) The ancient land area unit in China was the same as [a unit of land measurement]
and the former land of the son of heaven was the same as that of other countries. -Twenty-five Years of Zuo Zhuan's Xiang Gong
(3) Wine vessel of China ancient jue
(4) Last name
◎ Same as tó ng
< introduction >
(1) Introduction of * * same actor [with].
(2) I'll go with you; I talked to her
(3) to pay him back for [for]
36, and I have to work with him for another year. -
◎
< even >
(1) and "China Ballad Data", indicating the coordinate relationship [and; with]。
(2) such as: I am with farmers; Teachers are the same as teachers. 2. What software can read classical Chinese
1. Phonetic king;
2. dubbing pavilion;
3. Read aloud to women;
4. iFLYTEK read aloud;
5. read aloud by the whole people;
6. Read aloud together;
7. Read for you;
8. Climb the ladder to read aloud;
9. Read heaven aloud;
1. Love reading.
1. Classical Chinese
Written language based on ancient Chinese. The earliest written language based on spoken language may have been processed. Classical Chinese is an article composed of a written language in ancient China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the articles used to record characters were not invented, but bamboo slips, silk and other things were used to record characters, while silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a "roll" of bamboo slips, unimportant words were deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling class had been stereotyped, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, which is characterized by writing on the basis of words, paying attention to allusions, parallel antithesis, neat rhythm and no punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
2. main features
the first word "Wen" means beautiful. The word "Yan" means writing, expressing and recording. The word "classical Chinese" means written language. Classical Chinese is relative to oral language, which is also called vernacular. The last word "Wen" means works, articles, etc., and represents the genre.
"classical Chinese" means "beautiful language articles", which is also called stylistic writing. And "vernacular" means: "articles written in common plain oral language" For example, like now, "Have you eaten?" .
3. Classical Chinese sentence patterns
Classical Chinese sentence patterns are basically the same as modern Chinese sentence patterns. They are divided into simple sentences and complex sentences, all of which have six major components: subject, predicate and object, and definite complement. The word order of sentences is basically the same. Of course, there are still differences between them. When learning classical Chinese sentences, we should try our best to grasp the differences between them and the situation of modern Chinese. Although the sentence forms of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are basically the same, there are some special sentence patterns because some substantive words in classical Chinese are different from those in modern Chinese. The special sentence patterns in classical Chinese that we often talk about are judgment sentences, ellipsis sentences, inversion sentences, passive sentences and fixed sentences. 3. Beneficial composition of learning small ancient prose after class
Ancient prose, because it is far away from us, makes us feel a little strange, and even when reading, we are often troubled by difficult words.
but is ancient Chinese really so obscure? Since reading sima guang studious's Records of the Words and Actions of Famous Officials in Three Dynasties, my impression of ancient Chinese has changed fundamentally. The article writes: When Ma Wengong was a child, he remembered that he was not like a person, and he lived in groups to give lectures. All the brothers became chanting and took a rest. If you are alone, you will be able to recite it twice. Those who exert more effort will get far, and what they recite will never be forgotten for life. Wen Gong once said, "A book can't be recited, or you can get more by reciting its text and thinking about its meaning at once, or when you don't sleep at midnight." Although these thought-provoking sentences have gone through thousands of years, they are still alarming when read now.
Of course, like other people, when I first came into contact with ancient Chinese, I felt a little tired. I couldn't even read many words, and when I did, my meaning was often different. It took a lot of effort to understand a short ancient Chinese. But everything comes to him who waits. When I read a lot of ancient prose and can understand its meaning smoothly, I have a completely different feeling about ancient prose, especially after reading Zuiwengting Ji, because of its unfathomable meaning and mountain-like rhyme. For example, when I read, "Those who look at it with great beauty are beautiful." It seems as if I was there, and I came to this vibrant Langya Mountain, unable to extricate myself, and almost conquered by this Langya scenery. Now, I have an inexplicable love for ancient Chinese, just as I introduced this passage "Zuiweng Pavilion" to you. Therefore, I can say without hesitation: reading ancient Chinese is like reading a poem.
why are ancient Chinese prose so beautiful and moving? Because ancient prose is the crystallization of ancient people's wisdom, it is like a golden key to open the treasure house of ancient literature and a torch to ignite the flame of the soul! View of Ancient Prose, a collection of many beautiful ancient prose, is the most beautiful and meaningful collection of ancient prose. If you read my composition, you will be eager to read ancient prose with me, and you will read this book. I believe you will also be immersed in this fascinating poem. 4. 1 pieces of classical Chinese
(1) Wen Zhiming's calligraphy "The Chronicle of the Book Forest" The original Wen Zhiming wrote "Thousands of Words", and at the rate of ten copies a day, the books made great progress.
I was born in a book, and I have never hesitated, or answered people simply, and I will never tire of it again and again, so the older I get, the more subtle I become. Wen Zhiming supervised the writing of "Wen Zi Wen", with ten copies written every day as the standard, and calligraphy improved rapidly.
all his life, he has never been careless about writing. Sometimes it's a little incomplete to answer people's letters. I must have rewritten it three times and five times, and I'm not afraid of trouble.
Therefore, his calligraphy becomes more exquisite and beautiful as he gets older. (2) Xue Tanxue copied the original text Xue Tanxue copied it in Qin Qing, and he said that he had exhausted his skills and resigned.
Qin Qing stopped at Fuzhi, and made a farewell visit to the suburbs, caressing the sad songs and vibrating the trees, in very sonorous. Xue tan is shooting for the opposite, and he dare not return to his words for life.
Xue Tan studied singing from Qin Qing. Before he finished learning Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had finished learning, so he left and went home. Qin Qing didn't dissuade him, and gave him a farewell dinner by the road outside the city. Qin Qing patted the festival and sang elegies.
the song vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back and continue studying.
from then on, he never dared to talk about going home again. (3) Fan Zhongyan is interested in the original text of the world. Fan Zhongyan was two years old and lonely, and his family was poor and helpless.
There are few ambitions. Every time you take the world as your responsibility, you study hard, or you are sleepy at night, and you need to use water to make a face; If you don't give food, read with porridge. As an official, every generous talk about what's going on in the world is desperate.
even if he was demoted, he was relegated to Dengzhou by Shen Zhi. ‖ Zhong Yan is hardworking and self-motivated. He doesn't care about meat, and his wife is only self-sufficient in food and clothing.
I often say to myself, "A scholar worries about the world first, and enjoys the world later." Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old and his family was poor and helpless.
When he was young, he had lofty aspirations and often washed his face with a cold water punch. I often can't even eat rice, so I eat porridge and insist on reading.
after becoming an official, I often talk about world affairs and try my best. So that some people were demoted for saying bad things, and they were demoted as the governor of Dengzhou by participating in government affairs.
Fan Zhongyan exercises himself hard, eating little meat, and his wife and children only care for themselves. He often recites two sentences in his works: "A scholar should worry before the world worries, and be happy after the world enjoys."
(4) When Sima Wen, a famous official in the Three Dynasties, was a child, he remembered and asked if he was not a person, and he lived in groups to give lectures. All the brothers became chanting and took a rest; If you are alone, you will be able to recite it twice. Those who exert more effort will get far, and what they recite will never be forgotten for life.
Wen Gong once said, "A book must be recited, or you can get more by reciting its text and thinking about its meaning at once or at midnight." When Sima Guang was a child, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books for response was not as good as others.
Everyone studied and discussed together, and the other brothers had already recited it, so they went to play and have a rest. (Sima Guang) studied hard alone, concentrating and assiduously as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they were able to recite skillfully. (Because) there is more energy in reading now, the harvest will be long-term, and the books he has read and recited intensively will be unforgettable for life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. When you are riding and walking, when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you will gain more by chanting the articles you have read and thinking about its meaning!" (5) Ouyang Xiu studied hard the original story of Ouyang Gong. Ouyang Gong was four years old and lonely, and his family was poor and had no assets.
Mrs. Tai painted the land with her hands and taught her calligraphy. Recite more ancient chapters.
it's a little long, and there is no book to read at home, so people borrow it, or copy it, and even forget to sleep and eat day and night, but reading is the business. Poetry and prose written since childhood, as an adult.
Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family was poor and there was no money for him to study. Taitai used reed stalks to write pictures on the sand and taught him to write.
He was also taught to read many ancient chapters. When he was older and there were no books to read at home, he went to the reader's house nearby to borrow books to read, and sometimes he copied them.
So I stayed up all night, forgot to eat or sleep, and just devoted myself to reading. Poems and prose written since childhood have the level of adults when they are written, which is so high.
(6) Zhang Wuwei diligently studied the original work "He Lin Yu Lu". Zhang Wuwei fell across the river and lived in the Baojie Temple in the west of the city. His bedroom has a short window, and he reads clearly when he holds a book under the window every day.
fourteen years if so. Back to the north, under the window, on the stone, the trace of the double coffin is hidden, and it still exists today.
Zhang Jiucheng was demoted to Hengpu and lived in Jiesi Temple in the west of the city. The room where he lives has a short window. Every day when it is dawn, he always stands under the window with a book and reads in the faint morning light.
this has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, on the stone under the window, the traces of his feet stepping out were still faintly visible.
(7) Wang Mian monk temple reads the original text of Song Xueshi's Collected Works at night in Wang Mian, and is from Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered the cattle to go to the school, stole into the school, and listened to the students recite books; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory.
at dusk, I forgot my cow, and my father angered me. It's as good as ever.
Mother said, "I'm so stupid, don't listen to what she does?" Because the crown goes, it depends on the monk temple to live. At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap, and I will read it with the ever-burning lamp.
Buddha statues are full of earth figures, which are hideous and horrible. Crown children, if you don't know. Wang Mian is from Zhuji County.
when he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge of the field, and he secretly ran into the school to listen to the students. After listening, always