The specific expression of cultural prosperity in the Tang Dynasty is 1. A hundred flowers blossom and are rich and diverse.
This period is another golden age after the pre-Qin period. There are many kinds of literature and art, such as poems, essays, biographies, Tang legends and so on. , especially poetry. There are about 50 thousand poems left, which have produced a large number of poets and other writers. Other arts, such as painting, music, dance and sculpture, have also developed; Ideologically, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are compatible; It was the first official institution to revise the history of the Southern Jin and Sui Dynasties, and produced many history books. Political culture, commercial culture and diplomatic culture all show different minds and have brilliant beauty.
2. Prosperity and innovation.
Literature and art are highly developed. There were dozens of famous poets with unique styles throughout the Tang Dynasty, and great poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu appeared. There are various types of poems, and mature metrical poems have appeared, which constitute the main body of Tang poetry and also give birth to the emergence of Song Ci. Enlarged content, broad vision and diverse styles, such as frontier poems, landscape poems, pastoral poems and ranger poems. The ancient prose movement promoted the development of biographies, essays and travel notes, and the great essayist Han Yu and the great travel notes Liu Zongyuan appeared. The legend of the Tang Dynasty appeared in the novel, which became the direct source of later novels and opened up the road of later literature. These, it can be said, are "poets in clothes", and they have been away from each other from generation to generation.
Other arts such as painting, music, calligraphy, dance, sculpture, etc. The overall level of calligraphy is very high. Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, the masters of regular script, have emerged and become the models of calligraphy in later generations. The calligraphy style they created has become the main form of Chinese characters in later generations-block letters.
3. Enlightened and inclusive, open and open.
The development and prosperity of various cultures and arts in the Tang Dynasty was the result of the integration of North and South cultures in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the same time, its culture embodies the great spirit of all rivers running into the sea, and its vision is very broad. All kinds of arts boldly absorbed the surrounding national cultures, such as music absorbing foreign music, and created 10 pieces of music by Xiliang, Gaochang, Le Yan and Le Qing.
Dance absorbed the forms of western dance, such as sword dance and Hu Xuan dance, and reached the peak of dance art in China feudal society. There have been court dances with diverse contents, gorgeous forms, grand scale and spectacular forms, and the court has also set up special music and dance institutions such as teaching workshops and pear gardens.
This inclusiveness is also reflected in political openness, freedom of thought and confidence. For the compatible development of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the classics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are listed in the examination content, and Buddhism also advocates that other theoretical beliefs develop freely, with less constraints and active thoughts.
Promote exchanges with neighboring countries and ethnic minorities. Such as Turkic, Nanzhao, Tubo, Uighur and so on. , or seal them, or kiss them, or rule them, handle ethnic relations flexibly, strengthen economic and trade exchanges and cultural exchanges, and promote ethnic harmony. Carry out the open policy and extensively absorb various foreign achievements, such as absorbing Korean music, sending people to Tianzhu to learn sugar-making technology, and sending monks to Tianzhu for cultural exchanges. The economic, trade and cultural exchanges along the Silk Road were unprecedentedly prosperous. Many inventions and technologies from China, such as papermaking, spread to the west, which promoted the development of world civilization.
4. World-famous literary achievements
The most remarkable literary achievement of the Tang Dynasty is the Tang poetry. Since Chen Ziang and the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", famous poets in the Tang Dynasty have emerged one after another, among which Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can and Wang Wei in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li He, Han Yu and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are several representatives. Their poems have different styles, including rich imagination of the mythical world and detailed description of real life, including passionate frontier poems, gloomy and heavy "poetic history" and fresh and refined pastoral poems. These poems are isomorphic and become outstanding representatives of China's literary achievements. Although there were still outstanding poets in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the overall level of regular poetry and classical poetry was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, which made Tang poetry an insurmountable peak of classical poetry in China.