In addition to the official plaque, official plaque, meritorious plaque, chastity plaque, temple plaque, pavilion plaque and study plaque mentioned above, there are also ancestral plaques hanging in the main entrance or ancestral temple of China, which are used for business names, interpersonal communication, happy events, longevity and personal support.
Some of these plaques are hung on gates, halls or buildings, while others are hung in scenic spots and gardens. With changeable styles and highly artistic calligraphy art, they are integrated with magnificent architecture and become an inseparable part of ancient architecture in China.
These plaques pay attention to the artistic conception and literary talent of the content, and reflect the values and aesthetics of ancient China culture. In China, besides the famous plaques mentioned above, there are three masterpieces, namely "Liu Yu plaque" in Henan, "Shanhaiguan plaque" at the eastern end of the Great Wall in Wan Li and "Zheng Da Guangming plaque" in Beijing.
Among them, the "Legacy Monument" exists in Wan Kang Manor in gongyi city, Henan Province, which is a symbol of Konka manor culture and the most obvious source of Konka's prosperity. As the saying goes, wealth is not three generations. Kang Jia can continue to prosper in the 12 generation for more than 400 years, which is not unrelated to it.
The plaque is1.65m long and 0.75m wide. Shaped like a yellow flag fluttering in the wind, there are black characters on the golden background. The whole plaque 174 characters, except the title "Yu" is seal script, the rest are running scripts, and the font is smooth. This monument was inscribed by Niu Jue, a Jinshi in Tongzhi period. It was made in 187 1 years ago and has a history of more than 100 years.
This plaque is a family instruction plaque used by Kang Daoping, the 15th generation manor owner of the Kang family, to admonish his children, and it is a concentrated expression of the Confucian doctrine of the mean that "wealth is invisible and inexhaustible". The "Yu Yu" plaque has a unique shape and looks like a flag with a concave top and a convex bottom.
Concave representation:
Staying in the sky is worthy of the court;
Downward projection means:
Stay underground, worthy of the people and future generations.
Wang Boda, a bachelor of Nanning Shangshutang, is engraved on the plaque, which is known as the "four inscriptions" of agricultural Taoist priests:
More than enough, but not enough, can make things happen, inexhaustible; More than enough, inexhaustible wealth belongs to the court; Leave more than enough and inexhaustible wealth to repay the people; Leave the remaining and inexhaustible wealth to future generations.
On the plaque, Gao Jingyi, a hermit in the Ming Dynasty, wrote:
Temporary things give people room for further development, while relaxing financial resources has its own aftertaste ... what if people know the way to wealth? The rest is just taboo.
These words, translated into vernacular, are:
Wang Boda, an adult farmer, said in Liu Siming: "Leave room, don't return all your skills to the creator;" Leave room, don't return the salary to the court; Leave room, don't return all the money to the people; Leave room, don't enjoy the blessings of future generations alone. "
Maybe God is against greed and doing things too much. Because there are too many, there is nothing to regret.
Gao Jingyi, a hermit in the Ming Dynasty, said: "If something happens, there is naturally room for turnover; When you meet a financial relaxation, you will naturally enjoy it. " By extension, everything is like this.
The old man in Yuan Tan wrote the word "Liu Yu" on a plaque and hung it in the classroom. Probably, he used Liu Siming, written by Taoist Liu Geng, to warn his descendants! Write these words for you and sum up what Mr. Xia Feng taught his son: "Do you young people know the way to get rich? That is, leave room for everything and don't do everything. "
For more than a hundred years, it is precisely because of such humble family precepts that from the Ming Dynasty to modern times, there were 4 12 celebrities in the Kang Million family in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, from the sixth ancestor Kang Shaojing to the eighteenth generation Kang Lanting. They have been rich for more than 400 years.
This "leftover plaque" has been preserved to this day and still hangs in the main house of Kang Million Manor, which has certain reference value for studying the philosophy of life in feudal society in China.
The famous "Shanhaiguan plaque" in China is actually called "the first pass in the world", which is located on the second floor of the first pass of the Great Wall in Northeast China in the Ming Dynasty.
Shanhaiguan was called Guan Yu in ancient times, also known as Chongqing Guan and Lulinguan, 138 1. Xu Da, the founding military commander of the Ming Dynasty, was ordered to build Yongping Pass and Lingjie Pass, and set up Shanhaiguan here. It is named Shanhaiguan because it faces Yanshan Mountain in the north and Bohai Sea in the south.
The whole Shanhaiguan city is connected with the Great Wall, and the city is the gateway. City height 14m, thickness 7m. There are four gates in the city, and there are many ancient defense buildings, which is a relatively complete defense system. The city is dominated by the "first pass in the world" Arrow Tower, supplemented by buildings such as Jingbian Tower, Muying Building and Lulin Building.
This giant plaque of "The First Pass in the World" is 5.8 meters long and 1.55 meters wide, and it is engraved with the five Chinese characters "The First Pass in the World", Yang Wen. Among them, the word "one" is 1.09 meters long, and the densely written word "Guan" is vertical 1.45 meters long. The word "one" is not thin, and the word "off" is not bloated.
There are five Chinese characters "The First Pass in the World" on the plaque, each with exquisite structure, proper layout, vigorous brushwork, commensurate with the situation, full of the style of the town pass, adding majesty and glory to the pass and showing its strategic position.
There are three wooden signs on the watchtower of Shanhaiguan, two of which were later carved. One is an imitation of 1879, and the imitation of 1920 is hung outside the second floor. The carved plaque was originally carved and then covered with paint. The original plaque was hung on the first floor.
Then, who wrote the original "First Pass in the World" plaque? Historical data can be found in Linyi County Records, Construction Compilation and Urban Volume Compilation 1878, in which:
According to legend, The First Pass in the World shows the story of Xiao Shu.
1920, Lingzhou of Linyi County said in Rebuilding the First Pass Old Amount:
There is a forehead called "the first pass in the world", which fits the situation. Tourists say it is the handwriting of Yan Fenyi (Yan Song).
Then, whose is the original "First Pass in the World" plaque? Further research is needed.
China's famous "Zheng Da Guangming Monument" hangs high in the center of the main hall of Gan Qing Palace in the Forbidden City. It is said that the words on the plaque were written by Fu Lin, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi, and were copied by Emperor Kangxi and hung here.
Gan Qing Palace is an important palace located on the central axis of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City, and it is the main bedroom of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "aboveboard" is the ancestral motto advertised by the Qing emperor. After Emperor Kangxi copied it, ordering people to hang in the highest place in the main hall of the palace was the basic criterion for establishing a family, governing the country and leveling the world.
This "fair" plaque is made of Medog wooden frame paper, 4.4m long and1.3m wide. The word "aboveboard" is written in the center. The first paragraph reads "Emperor Kao Sai Zu Zhang's imperial book is aboveboard ... the celebration and postscript of the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi", with the seal of "Emperor Guangyun" next to it, and the next paragraph reads "Zhang Shizu's great-grandfather's imperial book tablet" ... Qianlong's sixty-two winter moon celebration and postscript ",with the seal of" Tai Shang Huang Bao "next to it.
The font on the plaque is a running script, which is full bit by bit with a pen. If you drag it out at will, you will escape. In the middle, the four characters "fair and bright" are elegant and beautiful in structure, surpassing ancient and modern times, and are the representative works of China's calligraphy works in the Qing Dynasty.