The inscription on the zhaobi wall at the entrance of Tianhua Yuhua Square was written by Master Long Xiang, the abbot of qixia temple, a famous Nanjing temple, and has the charm of an extraordinary person. In front of the wall, the cover of the rain flower tripod is 1.8m, which is a round tripod with ears and a round belly. The abdomen is miniature and the three-legged foot is hollow. The front and back of the tripod belly are decorated with plain patterns, which means the holy land, and plum blossoms are dotted among them, which means the rain falls from heaven. The word "Yuhua Baoding" is distributed around the belly of the tripod. The tripod belly pattern is a classic ancient decorative pattern, and the decorative pattern of bronze tripod is designed with reference to the pattern of classic ancient bronze tripod, with simple and generous shape and its own cultural characteristics and connotation. Single-petalled cherry blossoms are planted around Baoding in Yuhua District, and the colorful scene of early cherry blossoms falling when they wither reflects the theme of "rain falls from the sky and the earth turns to stone", creating the artistic conception of "tourists don't know that spring will be over, and they will step in front of the flower pavilion". Although Master Guang Yun is gone forever, the mysterious moment of flowers falling like rain is frozen forever. Shi Yuhua Museum, located in Yuhuatai Scenic Area (east of Shi Yuhua Cultural District), was founded in 1989 10. It is the first stone appreciation cultural museum in China. The new museum was completed in September 2007 and officially opened to the public. It is an important place to carry forward the rain flower stone culture, popularize the popular science knowledge of rain flower stone, enrich people's cultural life, carry out the research and exchange of rain flower stone culture and art, and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Exhibition hall * * * 800 square meters, focusing on the origin and causes, history and culture, aesthetic characteristics and treasures in the collection; The collection and research results of rain flower stones are displayed in a centralized way. The mobile exhibition line will lead you to the rain flower stone, feel the rain flower stone, and feel its beauty, tranquility, faithfulness and selflessness.
From the perspective of natural science and detailed specimens, the museum comprehensively introduces the definition, causes and research value of yuhuashi. In the natural rain flower stone art, the audience can enjoy all kinds of ancient and modern figures, pastoral scenery, flowers and birds, animals and handicrafts of the rain flower stone. At the same time, many little-known monographs and poems of literati and stone collectors in past dynasties, as well as many beautiful pictures of rain flower stones, are exhibited, which are very ornamental. People can enjoy the beautiful rain flower stones and feel the pleasure brought by the beautiful environment of the Rain Flower Stone Museum. Yuhua Pavilion, one of the "Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling" in Qing Dynasty, was rebuilt on 1997, located on the site of the ancient Yuhuatai in Donggang (also known as Meigang), Yuhuatai Scenic Area.
Buddhism prevailed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially in Yuhuatai area in the south of the city. The poem "Four hundred and eighty halls in the Southern Dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy" reflects the scene of that year. According to legend, during the period of Liang Wudi, a monk named Master Guang Yun set up an altar on the top of the high temple to give lectures. More than 500 monks sat listening and spoke vividly. They were fascinated by it for several days, and then they moved the Buddha. Rain flowers fell from the sky and turned into stones, hence the name "Rain Flower Stone" and "Rain Flower Terrace".
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were buildings on the ancient Yuhuatai. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guang Yun Temple was built on the original site, which was later destroyed by soldiers. Today, the rebuilt Yuhua Pavilion has three floors and four eaves. In the inner hall, there is a huge ceramic tile painting by Master Guang Yun depicting the historical origin of Yuhuatai. There is a lecture stone pedestal with 99 raindrops scattered around it, creating an unprecedented lecture scene for Master Guang Yun. There is a 30-meter-long Drawing of Buddhist Scriptures of Faxian and Shangxi on the back wall of the lecture stone base, which describes in detail the whole process of Faxian and Shangxi's Buddhist Scriptures (Ceylon) 300 years earlier than Tang Priest's Buddhist Scriptures. It highlights the rich heritage of Yuhuatai's thousand-year history. The outer pavilion is surrounded by a map of scenic spots in the southern suburbs, displaying cultural relics, antiques and antique artifacts. 44 couplets written by 22 calligraphers, led by famous calligraphers Chen Dayu and Wei Tianchi, decorate the balcony cloister. Fang Xiaoru (A.D. 1357- A.D. 1402), a native of Ninghai in the Ming Dynasty, was straight. When writing, I teach as a teaching assistant. Chu Di, the prince of Yan, went south and captured the capital. Hui Di fled hastily, and Di was proclaimed himself. Ask filial piety and children to draft letters. Filial piety cried and threw the pen on the ground and said, "If you die, you can't write letters!" " Therefore, 873 people were punished by clan relatives and friends, and scholars called him Mr. Zheng Xue. According to legend, the owner picked up his body and buried it here.
Fang Xiaoru's tomb is located at latitude 32 15' north and longitude 1 198' east, on the north slope of Yuhuatai Martyrs Cemetery, at the back of Er Quan, south of Yuhuatai.
Fang Xiaoru's tomb was built by Tang Xianzu in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, and it has been repaired in all previous dynasties. The existing tombstone of Founder Studies (Filial Piety and Confucianism) in Ming Dynasty was erected by Li Hongzhang, Governor of Liangjiang in August of the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1866). The inscription next to it was rebuilt in the 13th year of the Republic of China (AD 1924). During the Anti-Japanese War, he was also smashed to the ground. It was fixed later.
1999, Yuhuatai Scenic Area rebuilt Fang Xiaoru's tomb. The present tomb area consists of memorial archway, Shinto, bronze statue of Fang Xiaoru and 24 inscriptions. The bronze statue of Fang Xiaoru was carved by Professor Liu Huanzhang, a famous sculptor in China, and the inscription was written by a famous contemporary painter. The platform in front of the tomb, the tombstone, the mound and the back wall of the tomb form an axisymmetric layout, which is built on the mountain and maintains the original environmental features.
The stone archway is 5.05 meters high, and Shinto connects the archway with the tombstone, with a height of 4.2 meters. The famous calligrapher Wei Tianchi's calligraphy "Mr. Ming Taizu's Tomb" was engraved with gold. The tomb was built on the original mound. The lower part is a cylinder with a diameter of 4.6 meters, and the upper part is a hemisphere with a diameter of 2. 1 meter, with a total height of 4.5 meters. The tomb area is all built with bluestone. The environment is quiet, the trees are tall and dense, and the cypresses are towering, forming a unique landscape. Now it is a cultural relics protection unit in Nanjing.
Stepping into Yuhuatai from the north gate of the scenic spot, the first thing you see is a group of tall and mighty martyrs sculptures, which is the symbol of Yuhuatai scenic spot. This is the northern martyr of Yuhuatai. The group sculpture was built in 1979, with a height of 10.03 m and a width of14.2m. It was assembled from 179 granite blocks, with a total weight of about1300t, which is the largest of its kind in China at present. Its theme is prominent, the levels are clear, and the top is solid and the bottom is empty. Nine workers who despised the enemy in chains, intellectuals who looked on coldly, farmers with wide eyes, female cadres who were fearless in times of crisis, small newsboys who gritted their teeth and sipped their mouths, and female students who were imprisoned and full of hope of victory vividly reproduced the glorious image of the martyrs who were brave and unyielding and died. Group sculptures were designed by Liu Kaiqu, a famous sculpture artist in China, and collectively created by sculptors from Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou and Nanjing. The Martyrs Monument was built on the commanding heights of Yuhuatai, 60 meters above sea level. Built in 1989. Located in the main peak square of Yuhuatai, covering an area of 50 10 square meter. The square consists of a monument, a stele gallery and an underground hall.
The monument is 42.3 meters high (meaning1Nanjing liberation on April 23, 949), 7 meters wide and 5 meters thick. It consists of three parts: head, body and base. The stone tablet is like a red flag and a torch. On the front of the monument is the Yuhuatai Martyrs Monument inscribed by Deng Xiaoping. On the back of the tablet, there are inscriptions inscribed by the people's governments of Jiangsu Province and Nanjing City by the famous calligrapher Wu Zhongqi.
In front of the monument stands a 5-meter-high bronze statue of a revolutionary with the theme of "Better die than surrender". The characteristics of Yuhuatai-the Shi Yuhua Museum in the scenic spot is a must in China. Yuhuatai was originally a hill deposited by the sediment of the ancient Yangtze River and its tributary Qinhuai River two or three million years ago. The timely stone and agate stone on the mountain are colorful and crystal clear, just like flowers in the stone. This is what people often say. Ming Dynasty's "Unified Nanjing" said: "Yuhuatai Stone, Jubaoshan Out". Rain flower stone is another branch of agate. It pays attention to quality, color, shape and grain, with extremely rich colors and ever-changing shapes and grains. Scholars often give it many poetic names according to its natural color and grain image.
Rain flower stones are called gravels in geology. Generally speaking, people associate Yuhuashi with Yuhuatai in Nanjing, thinking that Yuhuashi is still produced in Yuhuatai area. In fact, this is just a misunderstanding. Modern rain flower stones are not produced in Yuhuatai, but mainly in Liuhe, Yizheng (Zhou Zhen), Jiangning, Jiangpu and other places on the outskirts of Nanjing and along the Yangtze River.
Rain flower stones are produced in the gravel layer of Yuhuatai, Nanjing (note: not in Yuhuatai). Yuhuatai gravel layer is the sediment of ancient Yangtze River and its tributaries Qinhuai River and Chuhe River. It formed a geological age of about 6.5438+0.2 million-3 million years ago, namely Miocene, Pliocene and even the early fourth season. Yuhuatai gravel layer is an important stratum near Nanjing, which was named by geologists Liu and Zhao Rujun at the 1924 World Geological Congress. The source of gravel in Yuhuatai gravel layer is related to the Yangtze River and its tributaries.
There are two hypotheses about the gravel source of Yuhuatai gravel layer:
First, the distant source, that is, from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; The second is near source, that is, from near Nanjing. After studying the original agate samples from Mufushan, Tiexinqiao and Qinhuai Xinhe, and the agate gravel samples from Songzi, Hubei and Yibin, Sichuan, Professor Li thinks that the source of Yuhuatai gravel layer is complex, including far source and near source, and the near source is the main one.
When you ask about the origin of the rain flower stone, you will often hear the story that during the Southern Dynasties in Liang Wudi, a monk named Guang Yun set up an altar to give lectures at Shizigang (now Yuhuatai), which moved God and made it rain. After landing, it became a colorful rain flower stone, and later generations called the lecture place Yuhuatai. There are also many poems scattered in historical materials, saying that the rain flower stone is a relic of the goddess. For example, "cherish the clear spring, sometimes the sky can make it up." (Confucius sang "Liuhe Stone") "There are things in the sky, but there are not enough things. Therefore, in the past, Nuwa refined five-color stones to make up for its shortcomings. " (Warring States Liezi) Rainflower Stone is also a five-color stone. Is it a stone that fills the sky? In fact, this is all people's imagination of beautiful things, which is not sufficient. Obviously, the cause of rain flower stones is scientific, and the history of rain flower stones is longer than that of Guang Yun. The combination of Guang Yun Theory and Shi Yuhua originated from the prevailing social background of Buddhism at that time. Nowadays, times have changed. The scene of "Four hundred and eighty halls in the Southern Dynasties, with many misty rains" ("Jiangnan Spring" by Tang Du Mu) has long been annihilated by the dark clouds of history, and the myth of "Guang Yun" is still talked about by people with the continuation of the ornamental activities of yuhuashi. Yuhuacha is a rare tea introduced and created by Yuhuatai in 1950s, with fresh and tender color and fragrant taste. It has won the Silver Award in China Food Expo and is one of the top ten famous teas in China. Tea garden is located in the southwest of the cemetery scenic spot, covering an area of 4.5 hectares.
Yuhua tea is round and green, like pine needles, with white hair, tight and straight. After brewing, the tea color is green and clear, and the aroma is quiet. Drinking a cup will make people feel deeply, leaving fragrance on their teeth and cheeks, mellow taste and sweet aftertaste.
Nanjing Yuhua Tea is a treasure in green tea frying, and it is also one of the three needles in China. This is a high-quality needle-shaped spring tea. Produced in Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Yuhuatai Scenic Area. When the tea buds germinate to three leaves, they are mined about ten days before Qingming. Selecting only one bud and one leaf, picking tea buds with a length of 2-3cm, deactivating enzymes, rolling, shaping, drying, and manually frying with black tar. Use only one pot.
Yuhua tea is characterized by compactness, straightness, greenness and uniformity. Shaped like a pine needle, the string is tight, straight and round, the tip is slightly sharp, the front seedling is beautiful, the hair is hidden, the color is dark green, the green and silver light, the aroma is rich and elegant, the taste is fresh and mellow, the soup is green and clear, and the leaves are tender and even. Brewed in boiling water, the buds stand upright, undulating, jade-like, and fragrant. Quite popular with the people of the whole country. Yuhua tea is a specialty of Nanjing and one of the top ten famous teas in China. The shape is round and green, the lines are tight and straight, the front seedlings are graceful, and the white hairs are like pine needles, which symbolizes the heroic image of the revolutionary martyrs who are indomitable and last forever, hence the name Yuhua Tea.
Yuhua tea has good color, fragrance, taste and shape. After brewing, the tea is green and clear, with elegant aroma, mellow taste and sweet aftertaste. Has the effects of quenching thirst, refreshing, promoting digestion, relieving asthma and relieving boredom. The green coverage rate of Yuhuatai is over 90%, and lush trees and colorful flowers can be seen everywhere. Rhododendron is a unique ornamental plant in the scenic spot, and a grand Rhododendron Exhibition is held regularly every year.