Discrimination between "Avoiding Pen" and "Hui Feng"
Up to now, hard-pen calligraphy has basically followed the theory and method of Chinese calligraphy, so the evaluation of a hard-pen work or students' writing assignments is more measured by the standard of Chinese calligraphy. There are several important concepts in the brushstroke technique: lifting, turning and returning to the front, and this concept and writing technique will inevitably continue in hard-pen calligraphy. Only by truly understanding the principles of lifting, turning and returning to the front can we express "pause" and "returning to the front" more reasonably in hard pen writing!
Lift and press: As the name implies, it means "lift" and "press". Lifting is to lift the pen tip, and pressing is to press the pen tip onto the paper, which is "Dun". When writing with a brush, lifting can make the strokes thinner and pressing can make the strokes thicker. However, when the hard pen "presses", the change of stroke thickness is quite subtle.
Turning point: Many strokes of Chinese characters are compound strokes. For example, strokes such as folds and hooks need to change the writing direction when writing, so there is a "turning point". There are also two kinds of turning points, turning (circle) and folding (square). In the theory of ancient books, "Fiona Fang's corresponding turning point" refers to this point.
"Back before": a continuous action that often follows "strokes", usually appearing at the "folding" and closing of some strokes (such as horizontal). Mainly plays the role of adjusting the direction of strokes and connecting the next stroke. The brush is soft, and you must adjust the direction at the turning point to continue writing. However, in hard pen calligraphy, in order not to affect the fluency of writing, the action of "returning to the front" becomes very slight, even negligible.
Then, how to embody "pause" and "return to the front" in hard-pen characters?
First, the writing method of "Dunbi" in hard pen words
The brush stroke is the "press" in the technique of "lifting and pressing", and it is a heavy press. Writing on paper with a hard pen is a very small point. This point is not static, but depends on the specific strokes and characters, such as horizontal writing slightly flat and vertical writing slightly vertical. Generally speaking, the correct strokes must meet the following conditions:
1, don't destroy the original appearance of strokes, such as ""can't be written as ""should be flat or flat.
2. Stroke is an integral part of stroke, not a modification on the original stroke. For example, ""cannot be written as "".
3. Stroke is a "point" written at one time, not a mechanical "point back" or repeated graffiti.
The correct way to write: press from the top left to the bottom right, and the direction is basically 45 degrees. Take the horizontal line as an example: pen-pen to the right-pen (back and forward). The first stroke is to press down to the right in the air (volley means that the pen tip has started to run in the air before touching the paper), and the second stroke is to press down directly to the right when closing the pen. Although there are pauses and presses when using the pen, the whole stroke writing process should be coherent, which seems to have three steps. In fact, it is done in one go, and only one beat is needed after proficiency. At the same time, the echo of the pen should choose the appropriate angle according to the next stroke, which can sometimes be ignored.
Pupils' hand muscle development is not perfect, so it is often difficult to reflect this fine and continuous change of strokes when writing, and it is necessary to write well through repeated practice. For example, the horizontal stroke above can be divided into three strokes (Dun-Heng-Dun) and practiced repeatedly until the three strokes are skillfully connected into one stroke, so that the strokes of the pen and the strokes themselves are integrated.
Second, the hard pen word "back front" writing.
In the stroke technique, the "back front" is an important content, but in the process of hard pen writing, because the pen tip is thin and the stroke thickness changes little, the "back front" is not as important as the stroke, and sometimes it can even be ignored. In addition, "before and after" is not fixed, sometimes it needs to be returned, and sometimes it doesn't need to be returned. It is also a "back front" with different directions and ways. Mr. Qian Peiyun, a famous calligrapher and special calligraphy teacher, summed up this different regression trend (gesture) into five situations in his teaching process.
"Writing is a continuous and complete movement. Between all strokes of a word, the pen tip (that is, the pen tip) still has to operate according to certain norms. Sometimes the trajectory of the pen tip can be revealed by "hairspring", but more often, the movement between these strokes disappears into the air ... A reasonable air running route ensures the convenience and speed of accurate writing. " (Quoted from Qiu Zhenzhong's Analysis and Training of Calligraphy Techniques)
2. What is the difference between hidden front and exposed front in brush calligraphy?
1, the difference 1: The hidden front emphasizes the first down and then up, first right and then left, thus hiding the brush stroke and making the strokes look round and dry. Exposing the front is generally used for skimming, pressing and hanging needles, which is clean and neat.
2. Difference 2: The starting order is different. When Zangfeng generally started to write, he mostly wrote according to strokes. Lu Feng's pen is more casual, as long as he writes the words.
3. Difference 3: When Feng Lu starts writing, the method of starting writing with the nib exposed outside the stippling generally refers to starting writing. The front of the pen is often dominated by the side of the pen. This kind of flexible and elegant pen refers to the method of starting a pen with the nib exposed outside the stippling.
：
1, "hidden front" is a known brushwork in calligraphy. Zang Feng, as a pen technique, is also the most important technique of ancient calligraphers. Our attention to the Tibetan front can be proved by the book theory handed down from the ancients. Pointing out that the cusp is a hidden front. It seems that the mainstream view of the ancients is the same from the sentence "Tibetan front can cover its qi, and exposed front can vertical its qi". In short, the pen tip has to turn several times in a small picture, which requires us to start writing several times. The so-called "I can afford it" means to mention it appropriately, that is, to eat enough, but not too much.
2. When Lu Feng raises a pen, the method of raising a pen with the nib exposed outside the stippling generally refers to raising a pen. The front of the pen is often dominated by the side of the pen. This kind of flexible and elegant pen refers to the method of starting a pen with the nib exposed outside the stippling. That is, writing is not retrograde, generally referring to writing. Lu Feng's pen is usually based on the lateral front, which is smart and elegant. You can write in block letters and cursive script. Most cursive scripts begin with "Lu Feng". In addition, when the pen is closed, the pen tip is exposed, which is called "out of the front". It also belongs to exposed front, such as hanging needle and dovetail.
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3. What is dew in calligraphy?
Expose the front. It describes that the strokes of stippling are exposed, such as scraping the front, lifting the hook and lifting the pen at the pen receiving place. When the grass is in the middle of the sun, the connection between F and Dun is often revealed by exposed bees. Calligraphy creation, especially in the state of "forgetting myself", is to make the works energetic and unrestrained. Naturally, his attention is more focused on emotional appeal and the expression of children's world, and he doesn't care about the skills of China, border, hiding, revealing, abusing and being true. Therefore, in his works, the lines are clear, connecting the preceding with the following, speaking from left to right, and longing for the natural detachment, elegant and touching sentiment and charm of all sentient beings. Jiang Tang's book continues: "I don't want much."
When starting a pen, the hidden front is generally used, which has certain emphasis and expression: to the right, first to the left (horizontally), first to the down, first to the up (vertically), without revealing the pen tip, the strokes are relatively * * *, and when starting a pen, it is necessary to hide the front, but be careful not to cross, and the pen is empty before (after) closing; Hook, the pen tip should be empty behind the front, the square strength should be subtle and steady, the long vertical pen should hide the front, and the pen should return to the front. Hidden front's words look powerful and have an inherent implicit aesthetic meaning. The point of writing is one yuan, the head is hidden, the edge is unbreakable, and the nib is hidden in the stippling, that is, the pen writes at the front, writes in the middle and closes at the back.
4. Excuse me, the skill of calligraphy in starting and closing.
I. Pen and its method
Starting a pen, also known as putting pen to paper, putting pen to paper and issuing pen, is the beginning of a painting and the key link of stippling, connecting the preceding with the following. The methods of using the pen mainly include pouring and folding people, and occasionally using the method of following people.
1, reverse input
Those who are against it write from the front, that is, send the pen in the opposite direction (first right, first left, first down). The combination of reverse brushwork and different brushwork often leads to different brushwork. If you cooperate with the pen-turning, you can write a round-headed stroke like a seal script, showing a solid and dignified posture; If you combine stopping and folding, you can write square strokes, which are strong and clear.
In regular script, the basic forms of dot, horizontal, vertical, left and right are often reversed, so why use them when you start writing?
First of all, the strokes written against the front are both muscular, handsome and healthy;
Secondly, there is an internal relationship between Chinese characters' strokes, which is manifested in the opposite direction in writing.
The writing rules of Chinese characters are: first up and then down, first left and then right, first middle and then two sides. The reason for this law itself is that it has a contrarian trend. When you write the first horizontal line, you should move the strokes from right to left, that is, you should write the second horizontal line to the right first, and naturally you should reverse the strokes. Another example is the juxtaposition of several vertical paintings. When you finish writing the first vertical, you must raise your pen from below to form a kind of "thinking first" It can be seen that the opposite trend exists in the gesture exchange formed between strokes.
Third, punch with a pen like a dancing knife. If you want to make the knife and fist powerful, you must first quickly withdraw the knife or fist, and then find a way to rush out. The same is true for the pen in front. Only in this way can stippling be written vigorously, vigorously and with great momentum. However, it must be noted that this contrarian method is very short-lived in time. Moreover, people's pens are also very light, so we must beware of the sick pens that lead to thick heads and long mouths.
In the actual writing process, counter-front usually shows two kinds of "counter-method", one is imaginary counter-method, and the other is real counter-method. The so-called virtual inversion means that the pen tip makes an inversion in the air, and the pen tip does not touch the paper during the inversion, that is, the opposite trend is taken in the air. The so-called true inverse means that the pen tip gently touches the paper, runs a short distance in the opposite direction of stippling, and then adjusts the pen tip to pick up the pen.
Step 2 fold it up
Folding a person is to start writing by folding the front, that is, the pen and the direction of movement form a certain angle, and there is a positive turning point; Writing square strokes, sharp edges and corners, makes the spirit shine and show great power. It can also be called "revealing the front into the pen".
3. Jin Shun
Shun ren means following the direction of strokes, the strokes are neat and smooth, the departure is seamless, and the expression is naturally interesting.
From the point of view of traditional brushwork, calligraphers of all ages are willing to use reverse or fold to start writing in their own writing practice. This combination of starting a pen and writing with folding or turning a pen can form two different strokes, showing different styles of rigidity and softness. However, the pen started from the front, and it was widely used in small letters in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and occasionally used in middle and large letters in Tang Dynasty, which did not constitute a common phenomenon.
Second, the pen collection and its methods
Closing the pen, also called killing the pen, is the action of leaving the pen in front of the paper when the stroke writing is about to be completed. Generally speaking, there are two ways to collect pens, the hidden front collection and the exposed front collection.
1, Tibetan pen collection
Retracting before the pen means that the pen tip is retracted in the opposite direction of the stroke when the pen is retracted, and the pen tip is hidden in the stippling, so it is also called retracting before the pen. For example, when writing a horizontal painting, write it to the right first, then slightly lift it at the end, then draw it to the right, and then recycle the pen to the left, so that the nib is hidden in the line; Another example is to write "hanging". When writing, the nib is slightly left and slightly right, and then it is recycled inward.
2, Lu Feng pen.
Feng Lu closes the pen, that is, when he closes the pen, he gradually lifts the pen away from the paper, so that the nib is exposed and the end of the stroke is tapered. For example, when writing vertical, left, press, hook, pick and other strokes, Feng Lu should be used to close the pen to achieve the effect. When Lu Feng receives the pen, he should avoid floating and sliding, and concentrate his strength on the pen tip until the end of the stroke.
I want to collect some common knowledge of calligraphy. Please give me more. Thank you.
Calligraphy common sense
First, basic common sense
Use and maintenance of pens and ink;
1. An inkstone: Put the inkstone in the upper right corner of the table.
2. Grinding ink:
● Pour water in moderation, not too much.
● When taking ink, the index finger should be placed above the ink, and the thumb and middle finger should be clamped on both sides of the ink stick.
Press the ink hard and grind it slowly.
3. Send a pen:
● Soak the brush with clear water and soak the glue of the pen.
● Don't soak it for too long, so as not to crack the pen tube.
4. Pen lifting: Twist the nib at the edge of the inkstone to make it smooth.
5. Wash the pen:
● After writing, wash off the remaining ink on the pen with clear water.
● Put the pen on the edge paper to absorb moisture.
● Hang the pen on the pen rack to dry.
Second, the writing method: generally use the five-finger writing method.
Three writing postures:
1. Sitting posture: head straight, body straight, arms open (in a certain shape), feet safe.
2. Standing posture: head down, body bow, arms hanging down, feet open (standing). ：
The application and posture of four strokes;
1. The purpose of the nib: there is a translucent part near the nib, so call it.
● Center: The pen tip runs in the center of the stroke.
● Side stroke: This stroke is called side stroke. But don't let the pen lie on the paper, otherwise it will form an inclined plane and become a failure.
● Hidden front: When starting and closing the pen, the front of the pen is hidden in the strokes, and the starting pen is called "back front" and the closing pen is called "back front".
● Exposed front: The pen tip is exposed, which is mostly used for the connection between strokes and between upper and lower characters.
2. Gesture: the direction of the pen.
● Upward posture: When writing, make the middle part slightly concave.
● prone position: when writing, make the middle part slightly convex.
Five device placement:
Second, the types and understanding of Four Treasures of the Study
Brush:
1. Brush type:
● Hard pen: vigorous and powerful pen. Such as: wolf hair, mountain horse, cow ear hair, moustache, mountain rabbit, deer brush.
● Soft brush: Soft brush. Such as: Yang Hao pen.
● Double-tube brush: both soft and hard, both rigid and soft. The brushwork is between rigid and soft.
Such as: long flow, wishful thinking, suitable for beginners.
2. Selection of brush: A good brush should have the four virtues of "sharp, neat, round and healthy".
● When the nib is polymerized, the nib should be able to close the nib.
● Qi ~ Squeeze the nib with water to make the hair on the nib neat and tidy.
● Round ~ Around the belly of the pen, the pen holder is full and round, conical, not flat or thin.
● Jane ~ bristles are elastic, easy to fold after being scattered, and the pen strength should be healthy.
Two kinds of ink:
1. Ink can be divided into Song Yanmo ink and lampblack ink:
Song Yanmo: It is made by burning pine branches to get smoke, bleaching, sieving, removing impurities, and adding Niu Pijiao and spices.
Oil smoke ink: the smoke produced by burning vegetable oils such as tung oil and sesame oil is made by adding leather glue and spices, and it is black and bright.
2. The characteristics of good ink:
Excellent quality: refers to the ink without impurities and compact structure.
● Light glue: the glue mixed in the ink is moderate.
● Black: The ink is bright and black is bright.
● Clear sound: When grinding or knocking, the sound is crisp and not rough.
Three papers:
1. Wood pulp paper: rice paper and cotton.
2. Bamboo pulp paper: tassel paper and meta book paper.
3. Xuan paper: strong tensile force, good whiteness, tenacity and durability.
Four inkstones:
Also known as inkstone platform and inkstone pool, the texture of inkstone should be delicate to play the role of ink fragrance. Generally, it is mainly stony.
1. Duanyan, She Yan, Yan Tao. You can usually use the "Luoxi inkstone" made in Xiluo, Taiwan Province Province.
2. Use and maintenance:
● Avoid surface abrasion of inkstone.
● After writing, clean up the residual ink and ink residue on the inkstone.
Add a cover to prevent pollution. ?
6. What are the nine potentials of brush calligraphy?
Put pen to paper: where you put pen to paper, it covers the upper part and connects the lower part, so that the situation reflects each other and there is no potential retreat.
It is more appropriate to turn the pen and review it left and right. Don't leave the program alone. Zangfeng, pointing out the traces of entry and exit, wants to go left and right first, and then go back to the left.
Hide the head, the round pen belongs to paper, so that the pen heart often strokes. Protect the tail, draw a gesture, and try to close it.
This disease has been excluded. Grab the pen for the front use.
Sese potential in tight tactics. Horizontal ruler, vertical ruler.
Although the teacher didn't teach this nine potential, it can also be combined with the ancients, and it needs a lot of calligraphy, that is, to create a beautiful ear. [1] This article was published in the ninth volume of Bookstore, entitled "Cai Yong's Nine Trends and Eight Tactics". Most of Yan Zhenqing's "Zhang Changshi's Twelve Meanings" were written after the "Nine Trends".
Later, it was reprinted in Volume III of Pei Wenzhai's Calligraphy and Painting Spectrum, and the "Eight Methods" was deleted, entitled "Nine Potential". Some people think that it is not certain that it was written by Cai Yong, but more people think that the views in this article are undoubtedly from Cai Yong, and there may be some textual changes in future generations.
Shen, a close friend, pointed out in "Essays on Books": "What the essays say is consistent with the brushwork used by seal and official, even if entrusted by future generations, it will be well founded." [2] Zhao: the beginning, the beginning, the early "Historical Records of the Five Emperors": "Zhao Erzhou, Sichuan definitely."
Nature: refers to nature and natural events. Cang Xie's writing system originated from natural things.
[3] Yin and Yang: the concept of ancient philosophy, the original meaning refers to the back of the sun, and later used to refer to two opposing qi. Ancient thinkers summarized everything as "yin" and "yang" (such as sky fire, summer heat as yang, soil as water and cold as yin).
Liu Zongyuan's "Tian Shuo": "Those who are cold and hot are called yin and yang." The philosophy of the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang prevailed in the Eastern Han Dynasty to explain the emergence and changes of everything in the world.
For example, Wang Chong's "On Nature" said: "Heaven and earth are in harmony, everything is born, Jewish couples are in harmony, and children are born." Harmony between heaven and earth means harmony between yin and yang.
Since calligraphy is pictographic in nature, we should learn from the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang in nature, such as reality, rigidity and flexibility, movement and so on, which will lead to the emergence of calligraphy forms. [4] Situation: refers to the form and posture of calligraphy. Here, the emphasis is on posture, that is, pen posture.
[5] Hiding the head and protecting the tail: it means that when writing, there are two hidden front paintings, and no traces are exposed. An important method of writing and stippling.
Hide your head, the pen tip falls on the paper, and hide in front. Protect the tail, fully collect the hair, recycle the front tip, and make the force into the word, so the cloud "hides the head and protects the tail, and the force lies in the word."
This will produce "the beauty of the skin". [6] Beauty of skin: refers to the beauty of calligraphy like human skin.
Only people who are alive and full of vitality will have smooth and beautiful skin. Strength is the soul and life of a book, so it is said that "write hard and your skin will be beautiful." [7] momentum: this refers to the trend and situation of momentum and strength.
This refers to the situation and posture of calligraphy. Momentum is driven by strength. To achieve this momentum, we must adopt certain skills, such as "If you want to go down first, you must go right first."
Once the trend of "vertical painting and horizontal painting" is formed, it cannot be suppressed, so the cloud "comes to the deep valley and is unstoppable." Stop: stop, stop.
"The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei, Emperor Wudi": "Stop the water from entering the white ditch to get through the route of providing foodstuff." Liezi Tang Wen: "It is very sonorous to mourn and shake the tree."
[8] Odd: Odd refers to the diversity and richness of calligraphy forms and forms. [9] Putting pen to paper: also known as starting pen, issuing pen, starting pen and drawing pen.
Is one of the brushwork, which refers to writing with pen and paper. Suffix: arrangement of pointing colors and scenes, that is, arrangement of strokes and structural fonts.
[10] video tape: that is, taking care of association and association. <11> back: deviation conflict can also be described as "good".
[12] Turn pen: one of the brushstrokes. Compared with folding, generally speaking, the round pen of seal script is commonly used, that is, when writing a book, the pen rotates, and when stippling, it is a continuous line, which makes the broken line look inseparable and inseparable to show the beauty of nature. [13] Left and right backtracking: refers to the continuity of pen pause. Because the pause is the pause of the pen turning around, the use of "left and right review" is to pay attention to continuity and not make the program appear lonely.
Program: This refers to the hard and tangled part of the branch connection of the tree, which means that the strokes seem to be broken. Solitary exposure: isolated exposure.
[14] Tibetan front: it does not refer to the center, but can be explained by hiding the head and protecting the tail. The expression "traces of discrepancy" refers to the hidden front when starting and closing a pen. If the pen starts to turn left, it will turn right first; Retract the pen to the left, and then retreat to the right, which can be said to be a reversal.
[15] Zangtou: This should refer to Zangfeng, that is, the center. Because the explanation is that "the round pen belongs to paper, so the pen is always moving in electric painting", if it refers to the "hidden head" of "hiding the head and protecting the tail", it is a beginning, so it cannot be explained.
The round pen belongs to paper, which means that the pen falls behind the Tibetan front, goes down with the trend and is laid flat on the paper. Pen core: The long front end wrapped by secondary hairs from the root to the top is called the pen core.
Auxiliary hair, short hair or side hair at the periphery of the pen center. Electric drawing: a general term for character strokes.
In order to make the pen center often do stippling, the writing brush is required to be centered. [17] Tail protection: the back and front are reversed, and the front paint is hidden.
Exhausted: The pen is exhausted. [18] Speed potential: Speed potential, speed potential also.
But here, fast is not simply fast, so the cloud is "out of the middle, but also in the vertical pen." "Peck" is like the first short stroke to the right of the word "use". First, the Tibetan front starts writing, then the front turns to the lower right, then the front turns to the lower left, and then the front turns to a sharp point.
"Painting" is also a wave painting, so-called twists and turns. The first fold is slightly shorter, the stroke is slightly faster, the second fold is slightly longer, and the stroke is slower; The third folding quick pen, near the front, can be closed by pressing it.
The word "forever" is marked vertically. Before getting out of the hook, the pen is squatting, and then it suddenly rises, just like kicking. [19] Grab the pen: that is, the long line is left-handed, such as the word "wide" and the word "clear" is left-handed, and the long line is written vertically at first, with the middle to the left; This is a kind of stroke that is slightly pressed down to make the stroke thicker and then closed. The tight stroke is slightly scattered, so it is called "slow", which means scattered.
Then there is a nervous pen collection, and this gesture is the law; It is also a tight pen, so it is called "steep". In both steep and steep strokes, the long lines of the brush are completed. [20] Stagnation: refers to overcoming resistance and going forward bravely.
Nervous fighting: that is, fighting nervously. Rudder: It means non-stop.
Sese means the road is not smooth, so I have been fighting nervously.